Ph.INQ.1.1 Observe and Measure Identify qualitative and quantitative changes given conditions (e.g., temperature, mass, volume, time, position, length) before, during, and after an event. 7 English vs SI 7 measuring with SI units 12 understanding time measurement 12 time measurements 13 understand length measurement 13 understand length measurements in metric units 14 length measurement 26 use measurements of time 1 volume measurement 4 investigating reaction time 5 mixed units of time 5 understand measurements of time 27 use units of force 27 understand the sensitivity of a measuring tool 53 measuring density 53 volume measurements 53 mass measurements 57 find the volume 36 understand sensitivity of measuring tools 87 difference between basic and derived units 93 derived units 83 mass measurements 100 measure current in a circuit 155 make precise length measurements 99 force is a derived unit 226 length measurements 99 understand and use units of force 242 measure voltage and current in series circuits 106 understand units of force 277 length measurements 117 understand and use units of force 278 length measurements in km and m 135 derived units 279 length measurement 152 work and energy are measured in joules 155 energy and joules 170 units of power Page 1 of 52
201 joules and heat energy 217 measure densities 217 derived and basic units 219 measure and compare densities 384 understanding coulombs 389 measuring electric current 390 measuring voltage 442 electrical power is measured in watts Page 2 of 52
Ph.INQ.1.2 Observe and Measure Use appropriate tools (e.g., metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, balances, spring scales, stopwatches) when measuring objects and/or events. 13 metric rulers 51 maps 52 photogates 52 photogates 54 maps 57 maps 58 maps 4 Data Collector and probes 4 timers 5 timers and photogates 5 Data Collector and probes 13 photogates and timers 20 Data Collector and probes 27 balances 60 maps 27 force scales 62 maps 28 balances 64 maps 29 timers and photogates 66 maps 30 photogates 67 sound generating equipment 38 Data Collector and photogates 67 maps 78 timers 265 maps 391 using a multimeter to measure current 43 Data Collector and temperature probe 48 Data Collector and temperature probe 83 using balances 122 maps 123 maps 124 maps 127 safety devices 134 balances 134 graduated cylinders 164 use a laser and mirror to study law of reflection Page 3 of 52
187 telescopes 190 telescopes 208 maps 220 Data Collector and temperature probe 245 use a multimeter 256 thermometers Ph.INQ.1.3 Observe and Measure Use appropriate System International (SI) units (i.e., grams, meters, liters, degrees Celsius, and seconds); and SI prefixes (i.e., micro-, milli-, centi-, and kilo- ) when measuring objects and/or events. 6 measurement and units 7 English vs SI 7 measuring with SI units 13 understand length measurements in metric units 13 understand length measurement 13 measurement 14 length measurement 99 understand and use units of force 106 understand units of force 117 understand and use units of force 389 measuring electric current 390 measuring voltage 1 selecting tools of measurement 27 use units of force 53 mass measurements 83 mass measurements 100 measure current in a circuit 112 making measurements 125 measurements 225 measurements 226 length measurements 242 measure voltage and current in series circuits 256 measurement 277 length measurements 278 length measurements in km and m 278 measuring 279 length measurement Page 4 of 52
Ph.INQ.2.1 Classify Using observable properties, place an object or event into a classification system. 37 basic forms of energy heat 69 types of rock and how they are formed 116 relationship between real materials and concepts of atoms 149 simple machines and forces 150 calculating mechanical advantage 119 model Earth 120 model inner layers of Earth 133 how rocks are formed 146 types of rocks and how they are formed 162 investigate RGB and CMYK models of color 178 stars and spectroscopy 191 astronomy and light 151 understanding mechanical advantage 155 understanding energy 156 forms of energy 157 forms of energy 173 comparing mechanical advantages 190 phases of matter 192 phase changes 227 explain matter states based on arrangement of atoms 251 atmosphere structure 267 atmosphere 297 relationship between materials and idea of atoms and molecules Page 5 of 52
300 relationship between real materials and arrangement of atoms 301 relationship between real materials and arrangements of atoms 436 understanding basic forms of energy 466 how rocks are formed 473 diagram inner Earth 475 diagram inner structure of Earth 490 how rocks are formed 500 diagram inner Earth 501 diagram inner structure of Earth 522 inner workings of volcano 640 the RGB color process 641 subtractive color process 642 the CMYK color process 694 classifying stars 695 using temperature and color to classify stars 696 brightness of a star 696 using brightness and luminosity to classify stars 697 H-R diagrams 697 temperature and luminosity of stars Page 6 of 52
Ph.INQ.2.2 Classify Identify the properties by which a classification system is based. 640 the RGB color process 641 subtractive color process 642 the CMYK color process 162 investigate RGB and CMYK models of color 253 fossils Page 7 of 52
Ph.INQ.2.3 Classify Graphically classify physical relationships (e.g., linear, parabolic, inverse) 25 making graphical model from data 26 creating graphical model from data 28 constructing graph from data 29 constructing a graph 81 graphs 82 making and evaluating graphs 84 speed vs. time graph 85 speed vs. time graph 89 speed vs. time graph 11 making and evaluating a graphical model 22 create a graph 24 predict what graph will look like 25 position vs time graph 26 speed vs time graph 28 make graph from data 34 graphical models 53 graph mass vs. volume 62 constructing and evaluating graphical models from data 610 harmonic motion graphs 113 creating and evaluating graphical model from data 137 create a solubility curve 190 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 203 construct and evaluate a quantitative graphical model 218 create a graph 230 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 240 construct and evaluate graphical models Page 8 of 52
Ph.INQ.3.1 Experimental Design Evaluate the design of an investigation. 28 identifying cause and effect relationships 6 identify cause and effect relationships 38 describe steps of the scientific method 39 formulate a testable 40 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments 49 steps of scientific method 52 variables 82 identify cause and effect relationships real and hypothesized 7 formulate 8 make 11 recognizing and controlling variables 12 formulate a testable 13 recognizing controlling variables 13 cause and effect relationships 20 make a 30 formulate a testable 34 recognizing and controlling variables 85 plan procedures and select materials 85 design experiment to find out if mass is conserved 110 collect observational data 110 formulate testable 115 sequencing events 133 identify cause and effect relationships 146 identifying cause and effect relationships Page 9 of 52
155 evaluate statistical significance 155 plan three experiments to determine which variable affects the period of a pendulum 155 design pendulum experiment 171 make a 202 formulate testable 239 formulate testable 240 formulate testable 241 recognize and control variables 263 design scientific investigations Ph.INQ.3.2 Experimental Design Identify the independent variables, dependent variables, controlled variables, and control in an experiment. 40 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments 52 variables 11 recognizing and controlling variables 13 recognizing controlling variables 34 recognizing and controlling variables 241 recognize and control variables Page 10 of 52
Ph.INQ.3.3 Experimental Design Use mathematics to show relationships within a given set of observations. 27 analysis of trends from data 29 analyze trends from data 82 analyze trends from data 104 using algebraic formulas 118 using algebraic model 133 using algebraic models 34 analyze trends from data 66 analyze trends from data 114 analyze trends from data 155 analyze pendulum data 201 unit canceling 218 derive a formula 161 kinetic energy formula 170 the power equation 204 the heat equation 239 pressure and temperature relationship 395 equation for Ohm s law 614 calculating wave speeds Page 11 of 52
Ph.INQ.3.4 Experimental Design Identify a for a given problem in physics investigations. 39 formulate a testable 7 formulate 8 make 12 formulate a testable 20 make a 30 formulate a testable 110 formulate testable 171 make a 202 formulate testable 239 formulate testable 240 formulate testable Ph.INQ.3.5 Experimental Design Recognize potential hazards and practice safety procedures in all activities. 1 general lab safety guidelines 43 chemical safety 47 heat safety 89 chemical safety 231 chemical safety Page 12 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.1 Interpret and Communicate Select appropriate predictions based on previously observed patterns of evidence. 28 make predictions 3 how close were predictions 12 make predictions 22 use graph to make prediction 24 predict what graph will look like 26 compare prediction to graph 48 compare prediction to results 54 use graph to predict mass of six objects 56 make predictions based on observations 60 make predictions on observed data 62 make predictions baesd on observed data 114 make predictions from observations 148 making predictions 156 use data to predict best string length for a pendulum clock 206 make predictions based on data 235 make predictions based on inferences from data Page 13 of 52
256 make predictions based on inferences 264 make predictions 268 make predictions from data 268 make predictions based on inferences Page 14 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.2 Interpret and Communicate Report and display data using appropriate technology and other media. 25 using data tables 271 Internet research 275 Internet research 2 data table 3 Internet search 6 data tables 6 data tables 9 data tables 10 data tables 11 data tables 13 data tables 14 data tables 22 data table 25 data tables 28 data tables 28 analyze trends from data 30 data tables 34 data tables 34 data tables 44 sketch the shape of the graph 54 data table 55 data table 55 data tables 59 data tables 62 using data tables 64 data tables 65 data tables Page 15 of 52
83 data tables 84 data tables 85 design a data table 91 data tables 112 data tables 119 data tables 123 data tables 128 data tables 129 data tables 133 data tables 134 data tables 143 data tables 146 data tables 146 data tables 191 data tables 203 data tables 208 data tables 226 data tables 234 Internet research 253 Internet research 255 data tables 279 data tables 280 data tables 284 data tables 284 data tables Page 16 of 52
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Ph.INQ.4.3 Interpret and Communicate Interpret data tables, line, bar, trend, and/or circle graphs from existing science research or student experiments. 24 interpretation of patterns from graphs and tables 25 making graphical model from data 25 making line and pie and and bar graphs 26 creating graphical model from data 27 reading graphs and charts and and tables 28 constructing graph from data 10 graphs 11 line graphs 11 making and evaluating a graphical model 11 interpretation of data patterns from observation 22 create a graph 24 predict what graph will look like 25 position vs time graph 26 speed vs time graph 29 constructing a graph 28 make graph from data 29 interpretation of patterns in data 29 reading graphs and charts and tables 81 graphs 82 making and evaluating graphs 82 interpretations of patterns in data 84 speed vs. time graph 85 speed vs. time graph 89 speed vs. time graph 34 graphical models 44 phase change graphs 53 graph mass vs. volume 62 constructing and evaluating graphical models from data 66 interpret patterns in data 66 create line graphs 113 creating and evaluating graphical model from data 114 interpretation of patterns from data 124 interpret patterns in data from tables 437 interpretation of data from graphs and charts 137 create a solubility curve 190 construct graphical model from data and evaluate Page 18 of 52
610 harmonic motion graphs 203 construct and evaluate a quantitative graphical model 206 interpretation of data 207 making graphs 218 create a graph 230 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 240 construct and evaluate graphical models 252 reading tables Page 19 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.4 Interpret and Communicate Determine if results of investigations support or do not support hypotheses. 28 make predictions 35 construct explanations supported by direct and indirect evidence 37 review scientific based on comparison with evidence 39 formulate a testable 40 analyze based on data 7 formulate 8 testing explanations against observations 8 make 12 make predictions 12 formulate a testable 13 analyze scientific based on scientific evidence 20 make a 22 explain any differences you see 22 use graph to make prediction 23 test your prediction 24 predict what graph will look like 30 formulate a testable 31 analyze based on comparison with evidence 35 construct reasonable explanations back by scientific evidence 35 analyze based on data Page 20 of 52
52 contruction reasonable explanations based on direct and indirect data 54 use graph to predict mass of six objects 56 make predictions based on observations 60 make predictions on observed data 62 make predictions baesd on observed data 85 do the data support the 85 perform the experiment you designed 85 review your 89 explanation based on data 91 testing 108 constructing explanations 110 formulate testable 114 make predictions from observations 130 construct reasonable explanations supported by evidence 132 construct explanations based on evidence 146 construct explanations supported by evidence Page 21 of 52
148 making predictions 155 investigate variables that affect the period of a pendulum 156 use data to predict best string length for a pendulum clock 171 make a 202 formulate testable 203 construct reasonable explanations based on scientific evidence 206 make predictions based on data 235 make predictions based on inferences from data 239 formulate testable 240 formulate testable 241 analyze based on data 256 make predictions based on inferences 257 construct explanations supported by scientific evidence 264 make predictions 268 make predictions from data Page 22 of 52
268 make predictions based on inferences 280 make explanations Ph.INQ.4.5 Interpret and Communicate Evaluate experimental data to draw the most logical conclusion. 35 construct explanations supported by direct and indirect evidence 22 explain any differences you see 35 construct reasonable explanations back by scientific evidence 52 contruction reasonable explanations based on direct and indirect data 89 explanation based on data 108 constructing explanations 130 construct reasonable explanations supported by evidence 132 construct explanations based on evidence 146 construct explanations supported by evidence 203 construct reasonable explanations based on scientific evidence 257 construct explanations supported by scientific evidence 280 make explanations Page 23 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.6 Interpret and Communicate Prepare a written report describing the sequence, results, and interpretation of a physics investigation or event. 41 lab report 41 write up results 332 communicating with graphs 37 explaining 51 communication 85 present results to the class 119 communicating 215 explaining Page 24 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.7 Interpret and Communicate Communicate or defend scientific thinking that resulted in conclusions. 35 construct explanations supported by direct and indirect evidence 22 explain any differences you see 35 construct reasonable explanations back by scientific evidence 37 explaining 52 contruction reasonable explanations based on direct and indirect data 85 present results to the class 89 explanation based on data 108 constructing explanations 130 construct reasonable explanations supported by evidence 132 construct explanations based on evidence 146 construct explanations supported by evidence 155 evaluate statistical significance 203 construct reasonable explanations based on scientific evidence 215 explaining 257 construct explanations supported by scientific evidence 280 make explanations Page 25 of 52
Ph.INQ.4.8 Interpret and Communicate Identify and/or create an appropriate graph or chart from collected data, tables, or written description. 25 making graphical model from data 26 creating graphical model from data 28 constructing graph from data 29 constructing a graph 81 graphs 82 making and evaluating graphs 610 harmonic motion graphs 11 making and evaluating a graphical model 22 create a graph 24 predict what graph will look like 28 make graph from data 34 graphical models 53 graph mass vs. volume 62 constructing and evaluating graphical models from data 113 creating and evaluating graphical model from data 137 create a solubility curve 190 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 203 construct and evaluate a quantitative graphical model 218 create a graph 230 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 240 construct and evaluate graphical models Page 26 of 52
Ph.INQ.5.1 Model Interpret a model which explains a given set of observations. 28 know that scientific knowledge can be in the form of models 104 using algebraic formulas 118 using algebraic model 133 using algebraic models 161 kinetic energy formula 170 the power equation 204 the heat equation 239 pressure and temperature relationship 52 human arm model 75 modeling an atom 86 modeling a chemical bond 96 modeling a reaction 119 science is often in the form of models 201 unit canceling 218 derive a formula 219 which model is supported? 395 equation for Ohm s law 614 calculating wave speeds Page 27 of 52
Ph.INQ.5.2 Model Select predictions based on models, and when appropriate, apply mathematical reasoning to make accurate predictions. 28 make predictions 12 make predictions 22 use graph to make prediction 24 predict what graph will look like 54 use graph to predict mass of six objects 56 make predictions based on observations 60 make predictions on observed data 62 make predictions baesd on observed data 114 make predictions from observations 148 making predictions 156 use data to predict best string length for a pendulum clock 206 make predictions based on data 235 make predictions based on inferences from data 256 make predictions based on inferences 264 make predictions 268 make predictions from data 268 make predictions based on inferences Page 28 of 52
Ph.INQ.5.3 Model Compare a given model to the physical world. 28 know that scientific knowledge can be in the form of models 52 human arm model 75 modeling an atom 86 modeling a chemical bond 96 modeling a reaction 119 science is often in the form of models 219 which model is supported? Page 29 of 52
Ph.INQ.6.1 Inquiry Ask a scientific question, formulate a testable, and design an appropriate experiment relating to the physical world. 34 asking scientific questions 38 describe steps of the scientific method 39 formulate a testable 41 writing lab procedures each investigation begins with a Key Question 7 formulate 8 make 12 formulate a testable 49 steps of scientific method 247 why is Earth s atmosphere different from other planets 15 design a procedure others can follow 20 make a 24 selecting ramp and photogates 30 formulate a testable 85 select materials from list 85 plan procedures and select materials 110 collect observational data 110 formulate testable 171 make a 202 formulate testable 239 formulate testable 240 formulate testable Page 30 of 52
Ph.INQ.6.2 Inquiry Design and conduct investigations in which variables are identified and controlled. 40 recognizing and controlling variables in observations and experiments 52 variables 11 recognizing and controlling variables 13 recognizing controlling variables 24 selecting ramp and photogates 34 recognizing and controlling variables 85 select materials from list 85 plan procedures and select materials 110 collect observational data 241 recognize and control variables Ph.INQ.6.3 Inquiry Use a variety of technologies, such as hand tools, measuring instruments, and computers to collect, analyze, and display data. 6 measurement and units 13 measurement 1 selecting tools of measurement 3 precision and accuracy 112 making measurements 125 measurements 155 collect mass and amplitude data 225 measurements 256 measurement 278 measuring Page 31 of 52
Ph.INQ.6.4 Inquiry Inquiries should lead to the formulation of explanations or models (physical, conceptual, and mathematical). 25 making graphical model from data 26 creating graphical model from data 28 constructing graph from data 28 know that scientific knowledge can be in the form of models 3 how close were predictions 8 conducting scientific inquiry by asking questions and formulating hypotheses 11 making and evaluating a graphical model 13 interpreting observations 29 constructing a graph 81 graphs 82 making and evaluating graphs 104 using algebraic formulas 118 using algebraic model 133 using algebraic models 161 kinetic energy formula 170 the power equation 204 the heat equation 239 pressure and temperature relationship 395 equation for Ohm s law 457 interpreting observations 610 harmonic motion graphs 614 calculating wave speeds 17 interpret observations and propose explanations 22 create a graph 24 predict what graph will look like 26 compare prediction to graph 28 make graph from data 34 interpret observations 34 graphical models 48 compare prediction to results 51 interpret observations 52 human arm model 53 graph mass vs. volume 60 conduct scientific vocabulary 62 interpret observations Page 32 of 52
62 constructing and evaluating graphical models from data 75 modeling an atom 78 build models of Na and Cl and use them to explain bonding 84 interpret observations 86 modeling a chemical bond 91 scientific inquiry 96 modeling a reaction 110 interpret observations and pose explanations 113 creating and evaluating graphical model from data 114 interpreting observations 114 interpreting observations 119 science is often in the form of models 124 interpret observations 127 interpret observations 137 create a solubility curve 145 interpret observations 155 perform self-designed experiment 190 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 201 unit canceling Page 33 of 52
203 construct and evaluate a quantitative graphical model 216 interpret observations 218 derive a formula 218 create a graph 219 which model is supported? 230 construct graphical model from data and evaluate 240 construct and evaluate graphical models 253 interpret observations 255 interpret observations 268 interpret observations Page 34 of 52
Ph.INQ.7.1 Engineering Design Identify a need or problem or improve an existing design. 9 bytes and SI prefixes 45 science and technology 63 creating dimensional sketches 110 relationship between science and technology maglev trains 17 drawings and diagrams 37 diagrams 51 drawings and sketches 51 diagrams 143 creating sketches and diagrams 145 making sketches 111 relationship between science and applied technology 117 create and interpret dimensional drawings 119 dimensioned drawings 138 diagrams 262 diagrams 279 design and test model 145 dimensioned drawings 149 drawing sketches 150 drawing sketches 159 sketches 159 sketch the wave fronts 256 sketches 267 making sketches 277 design models Ph.INQ.7.2 Engineering Design Identify design criteria and constraints (e.g., materials used, product limitations, time limits). 85 plan procedures and select materials 110 collect observational data Page 35 of 52
Ph.INQ.7.3 Engineering Design Use a variety of resources (e.g., Internet, databases, text) to conduct research in order to develop a preliminary design. 7 trace the development of measurement 38 trace development of theories 44 science and peer review 271 Internet research 275 Internet research 3 Internet search 11 collaboration and peer review 234 Internet research 235 background research 241 doing background research 253 Internet research Ph.INQ.7.4 Engineering Design Build and test a prototype. Document the strengths and weaknesses of the prototype in writing. 279 design and test model 277 design models Ph.INQ.7.5 Engineering Design Analyze and redesign to determine which solutions best meet the criteria and constraints. 111 seeing connections between classroom learning and real life 117 seeing connections between what is learned in science and observations of real world 257 seeing connections between what has been learned in class to the real world 268 see connections between classroom and real life Page 36 of 52
Ph.INQ.7.6 Engineering Design Communicate results in a variety of ways (e.g., orally, written, Internet publications, videos, posters, product demonstrations). 41 write up results 63 creating dimensional sketches 117 create and interpret dimensional drawings 119 dimensioned drawings 332 communicating with graphs 37 explaining 51 communication 85 present results to the class 119 communicating 145 dimensioned drawings 146 make an oral presentation about results 146 make an oral presentation about results 159 sketch the wave fronts 215 explaining Page 37 of 52
PS.1.1 Physical Science Content Structure and Properties of Matter Matter is made up of minute particles called atoms, and atoms are composed of even smaller components (i.e., protons, neutrons, and electrons). 278 atoms are made up of protons and neutrons and electrons 279 protons neutrons and electrons 280 basic properties of an atom and the three subatomic particles 67 Bohr model 67 understand the structure of an atom based on protons and neutrons and electrons 76 review subatomic particles 282 understand how atomic structure determines the identity of elements atomic number 283 structure of an atom and three smaller particles 284 three subatomic particles and their charge 289 electron shells 291 idea of atomic mass Page 38 of 52
PS.1.2 Physical Science Content Structure and Properties of Matter An element is composed of a single type of atoms. When elements are listed in order according to the number of protons repeating patterns of physical and chemical properties identify families of elements with similar properties. 178 matter is composed of atoms 179 definition of atom 282 understand how atomic structure determines the identity of elements atomic number 291 idea of atomic mass 294 common chemical properties of elements based on relation to periodic table 77 build model of Na and Cl atoms and explain why they bond to form a molecule 295 explain common chemical properties in relation to placement on periodic table 298 properties in relation to periodic table 299 chemical properties in relation to periodic table 303 describe characteristics based on place in periodic table 310 properties of elements in relation to the periodic table 311 explain the chemical properties of elements in relation to periodic table 312 explain chemical properties based on location in periodic table Page 39 of 52
316 periodic table and oxidation numbers 384 atoms are the source of electric charge PS.1.3 Physical Science Content Structure and Properties of Matter Matter has characteristic properties that are unique for pure substances and can be used to separate one substance from another (e.g., boiling points, melting points, density). 180 understanding mixtures 216 compare objects using properties mass and density 217 compare objects based on density 222 physical properties of matter 224 hardness is a physical property of matter 53 density of objects 54 finding the density 55 density 56 volume and mass are different 56 investigating density 56 compare mass and volume and density 59 apparent density 224 tensile strength 225 malleability is a physical property of matter 236 compare objects using density 114 Earth s greenhouse conditions 135 compare materials based on density 220 investigate melting point 237 compare objects based on density 238 compare objects based on density 225 density 262 density of fluids 263 density of fluids 241 compare objects based on density 314 mixtures can be separated by physical means Page 40 of 52
PS.1.4 Physical Science Content Structure and Properties of Matter A compound is formed when two or more kinds of atoms bind together chemically. Each compound is formed when two or more kinds of atoms bind together chemically. Each compound has unique chemical and physical properties. 308 difference between covalent and ionic bonds 309 understand that elements combine in constant proportions to form compounds 309 difference between ionic and covalent bonds 317 distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent molecules 80 predict chemical formulas 81 name chemical compounds 318 apply rules for writing formulas of simple chemical compounds 323 rules for writing formulas PS.2.1 Physical Science Content Conservation of Matter Chemical changes are identified by one or more events (i.e., precipitate, color change, gas production, heat gain or loss). 222 chemical properties of matter 303 melting and boiling points 303 classify by chemical and physical properties 43 physical properties and freezing/melting point 45 physical properties and freezing point 83 chemical properties and conservation of mass 135 physical properties and solubility 231 chemical properties and changes of a metal series 233 carbon and its chemical changes 235 types of chemical reactions Page 41 of 52
PS.2.2 Physical Science Content Conservation of Matter Chemical equations are used to represent chemical changes in which reactant(s) form product(s). 338 balanced chemical equations 338 chemical equations 339 balancing chemical equations 84 investigate and recognize that the chemical reactions can be represented as systems with reactants and products 343 synthesis or addition reactions 344 decomposition reactions 86 chemical equations 87 practice balancing equations 345 double displacement reactions 345 single displacement reactions PS.2.2 Physical Science Content Conservation of Matter Chemical reactions can be classified (e.g., synthesis/combinatio n, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement). 343 synthesis or addition reactions 344 decomposition reactions 345 double displacement reactions 345 single displacement reactions 86 chemical equations Page 42 of 52
PS.3.1 Physical Science Content Motion and Forces Objects change their motion only when a net force is applied. Laws of motion are used to determine the effects of forces on the motion of objects. 76 calculating speed 76 concept of speed 78 speed 78 compare and contrast speed and velocity 81 calculating speed 19 finding speed 21 find speed of car 25 position vs time graph 26 speed vs time graph 27 forces as ability to change motion 81 changes in motion can be represented graphically 83 changes in motion can be shown graphically 83 calculating speed 83 position vs. time graphs 84 speed vs. time graph 30 compare speeds of cars 32 calculate speed of car 33 explore Newtons' first law of motion 33 second law of motion 33 qualitative understanding of F = ma 84 changes in motion can be represented graphically 34 explore the effect of inertia on a cart's motion 85 speed vs. time graph 85 compare and contrast speed and velocity 36 qualitative understanding of Newton s third law 37 Newton s second law 85 calculations for speed 87 quantitative understanding of acceleration as a rate of change of velocity 89 speed vs. time graph 90 effect of gravity on motion 92 projectile explained 93 Newton s second law 37 Newton s third law action and reaction 38 find speed of car 58 mass vs weight 205 calculate speed 207 calculate speed 208 speed calculations 216 Newton s second law 216 Newton s third law action and reaction Page 43 of 52
98 forces needed to change motion 98 understand force as an action with potential to change motion 103 effect of gravity on objects 103 difference between weight and mass 109 changes in motion require application of force 114 net force 115 balanced and unbalanced forces 116 change in motion require force 116 effects of gravity 116 concept of net force 117 use concepts of balanced or unbalanced forces 117 quantitative understanding of force changing motion 119 net force 119 unbalanced forces cause motion 119 net force 231 calculate speed Page 44 of 52
126 conceptual understanding of a force as the action with the potential to change motion 126 changes in motion require force 127 concept of net force 127 concept of net force 127 difference between weight and mass 127 change in motion requires force 129 force is an action with potential to change motion 131 Newton s second law 131 concept of net force 132 Newton s second law qualitative 132 Newton s second law qualitative 132 Newton s second law qualitative 133 concept of net force 136 understand and use concept of balanced and unbalanced forces to create motion 137 Newton s third law action and reaction Page 45 of 52
137 balanced and unbalanced forces 138 Newton s third law qualitative 142 Newton s laws in terms of real situations sports and cars 143 Newton s third law 159 understanding of force as the ability to change motion 234 qualitative understanding of the differences between weight and mass 235 qualitative understanding of mass and weight are different 661 weight vs. mass 661 Newton s universal law of gravitation 720 effect of gravity Page 46 of 52
PS.3.2 Physical Science Content Motion and Forces Moving electric charges produce magnetic forces, and moving magnets produce electric forces. Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of a single electromagnetic force (e.g., voltage, current, resistance, induction).. 268 electrical potential causes lightning 385 examples of electric circuits in nature 385 electric current 385 electric circuits 386 circuit diagrams 386 resistors 387 battery circuits 387 open and closed circuits 389 current in simple circuits 390 how batteries work 390 understanding voltage 391 measuring current with a multimeter 393 understanding electrical resistance 394 measuring resistance 395 Ohm s law 397 resistance of common objects 401 series circuits 402 current in a series circuit 402 resistance in a series circuit 98 concept of electric current 98 construct simple circuits 99 circuit diagrams 99 series circuit 99 electrical conductivity of various materials 99 simple circuits 100 explore the concept of voltage 102 apply the concept of electrical resistance 106 how are electricity and magnetism related? 107 comparing electromagnet to permanent magnet 107 investigate relationship between magnetism and electricity using electromagnets 107 investigate relationship between magnetism and electricity using electromagnets 108 iron and electromagnets 163 experimenting with visible light rays 245 build a parallel circuit 404 voltage in a series circuit 405 Ohm s law and voltage drops Page 47 of 52
407 current in a parallel circuit 407 parallel circuits 408 voltage in a parallel circuit 409 parallel circuits in homes 409 understanding short circuits 419 using magnetic forces 425 what is an electromagnet? 425 what is an electromagnet? 427 increased current vs. strength of magnetic field 427 building an electromagnet 427 increased current vs. strength of magnetic field 427 building an electromagnet 433 electromagnetic induction explained 434 direct current 434 how a generator works 635 relationship between electricity and magnetism in the formation of electromagnetic waves 636 relationship between electricity and magnetism in making electromagnetic waves Page 48 of 52
PS.4.1 Physical Science Content Interactions of Energy and Matter Energy can be classified as kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (e.g., positional, elastic, chemical, nuclear). 37 basic forms of energy heat 155 understanding energy 156 forms of energy 157 describe forms of energy from origin-sun to life 157 forms of energy 160 calculating potential energy 160 potential energy explained 39 investigate energy changes with energy car system 39 energy in a system 42 exploring energy and work in the energy car system 217 compare potential and kinetic energy of car 217 potential and kinetic energy 161 calculating kinetic energy 219 conservation of energy 161 kinetic energy explained 224 conservation of energy 164 law of conservation of energy 166 conservation of energy in a broader context 436 understanding basic forms of energy Page 49 of 52
PS.4.2 Physical Science Content Interactions of Energy and Matter Waves radiate energy and interact with matter. a. Propagation of mechanical waves (e.g., sound, seismic, water) requires a medium. b. Electromagnetic waves (radio waves to gamma rays) do not require a medium. 67 applications of acoustic principles 67 reflection of sound 285 explain how we see color in terms of reflected or emitted light 503 P-waves can travel through solid and fluid rock media 611 resonance explained 611 period and natural frequency 613 frequency and amplitude and wavelength of waves 613 waves transmit energy 616 reflected waves 616 refracted waves 617 longitudinal waves 157 demonstrate waves using slinky 157 wavelength and frequency and speed of waves 157 wave as oscillation in a medium 158 wave as oscillation in a medium 158 wavelength and frequency and speed of waves 158 demonstrate waves using slinky 158 reflection 159 making circular waves in a ripple tank 159 categorize waves by how they move 617 transverse waves 618 destructive interference 622 acoustics 623 speed of sound 624 wavelength of sound 626 wavelength and frequency 627 electromagnetic waves in common technology (i.e. radar) 159 wave characteristics through water 161 how the human eye sees light 162 investigate RGB and CMYK models of color 165 investigate law of reflection 167 study reflection in a prism 632 seeing and reflected light Page 50 of 52
632 speed of light 634 white light is a mixture of colors 634 energy and color of light 635 nature of light in terms of waves and energy info flow 636 electromagnetic spectrum 636 properties of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths 638 how the human eye sees light 639 how the human eye sees color 640 the RGB color process 641 how light helps us see 641 subtractive color process 641 color as reflected light 642 the CMYK color process 643 explain how colors of light relate to wavelength 643 color seen as reflected light 645 mirrors reflect light 646 refraction 646 absorption 646 how light helps us see 180 an element s spectral lines correspond to specific wavelengths of light 204 principles of echolocation 205 concept of a medium in terms of supporting waves 205 principles of echolocation 205 waves in different materials 206 principles of echolocation 207 transmission of waves in water 207 application of echolocation 228 use of electromagnetic waves in common technology 228 reflection of waves 229 interference 229 use of electromagnetic waves in common technology 269 hearing sound Page 51 of 52
647 reflection of light 648 how light helps us see 648 reflection explained 648 angle of incidence equals angle of reflection Page 52 of 52