FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING TITANIA NANOPARTICLE IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MOHAMAD ZANI BIN RAZALI

i FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING TITANIA NANOPARTICLE IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL MOHAMAD ZANI BIN RAZALI This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical) Faculty of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JANUARY 2015

v ABSTRACT Nanofluids can be defined as new class of fluids which is dispersed in base fluids with nano-sized particles suspended within them. From previous study, nanofluids has very unique and attractive features such as high thermal conductivity even at very low nanoparticles concentration, high enhancement of forced convective heat transfer, and a better long term of stability. Hence, this research was conducted in order to study the enhancement of nanofludis in stability and the effect of temperature to the viscosity of the nanofluids. The stability of nanofluids is investigated through visual observation for a period of time and the viscosity was analyzed by using Brookfield DV-II+ Pro Viscometer at different temperature. The first step was preparing a very stable titania nanofluids in ethylene glycol, and then were further stabilized by addition of surfactant which is gum arabic. In this experiment, several vial of nanofluids samples is mounted onto a horizontal and stable surface before mixing process is took place by using magnetic stirrer. The results showed that titania nanoparticle in ethylene glycol based fluids were stable for a week. Hence, with further stabilized with surfactant of GA, the nanofluids show a promising result with no sedimentation for more than a month. From the results obtained, the viscosity of the nanofluids decreased as the temperature increased. As a conclusion, these experimental results are consistent with the characteristics of the nanofluids.

vi ABSTRAK Nanofluids boleh didefinisikan sebagai pencapaian kelas yang moden di mana penguraiannya di dalam cecair asas dengan zarah yang bersaiz sangat kecil adalah bergantung sesama mereka. Dalam penyelidikan yang lepas, nanofluids mempunyai ciriciri yang sangat unik dan amat menarik seperti mempunyai kekonduksian haba yang sangat tinggi walaupun pada kepekatan zarah yang bersaiz kecil itu pada tahap yang rendah, mempunyai peningkatan perolakan pengaliran haba yang sangat tinggi dan mempunyai kestabilan yang baik dan dapat kekal dalam masa yang lama. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini telah dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk menyediakan titania nanofluids yang sangat stabil di dalam ethylene glycol, dan dipertingkatkan lagi tahap kestabilan itu dengan penambahan gum arabic yang bertindak sebagai agen penstabilan yang sagat berkesan. Keputusan ujikaji menunjukkan titania yang bersaiz sangat kecil yang diuraikan dan disebatikan di dalam ethylene glycol adalah stabil untuk tempoh masa seminggu. Kemudian, nanofluids itu distabilkan lagi dengan penambahan agen penstabilan iaitu gum arabic, nanofluids menunjukkan keputusan yang memberangsangkan dimana nanofluids itu menjadi lebih stabil dan tidak menunjukkan sebarang pemendapan melebihi tempoh masa sebulan.

41 However, there are still several important clues indicating the mechanisms of heat transfer in nanofluids, which can be used in future research such as: i. the difference in the concentration scale is too small, the results are quite hard to be compare and analyze. The suggestion is to disperse the titania nanoparticles with larger difference of weight percent. ii. the nanofluids are should be produced in variation of ph in order to further study the effect of alkali and acid to the stability of the nanofluids as well as the thermal conductivity enhancement. iii. conduct the experiment in a heat exchanger equipment to further study the flow characteristics of the nanofluids and the enhancement of the nanofluids to the thermal conductivity as well as heat transfer coefficient.

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