The Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Program

The Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Program The Jefferson Lab facilities have undergone a substantial upgrade, both of accelerator, CEBAF, and of the experimental installations. We will discuss the progress to completion of these facilities, the status of accelerator commissioning, and the recent first operations for physics. We will then flesh out the anticipated exciting physics program of the next several years. Hugh Montgomery Jefferson Lab International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Acknowledgements The 12 GeV Program at Jefferson Lab has taken many years from its inception in the previous millennium to its realization as an important pillar of the world nuclear physics program in the 21 st Century. I would like to acknowledge the input and contributions from the staff and users of Jefferson Lab who have made this exciting program possible. In particular, much of the material was shown by Bob McKeown at Hadron Workshop 2016 in China, and some of the output from the GlueX experiment was presented by Curtis Meyer at Meson 2016. H. E. Montgomery 2 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Outline 12 GeV CEBAF Status of the Experiments 12 GeV Physics Program Meson Spectroscopy, Hybrid Mesons, and Confinement Nucleon Tomography Nuclei and Nuclear Structure The Standard Model and Beyond Conclusions H. E. Montgomery 3 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

CEBAF Upgrade With the imminent completion of the CEBAF 12-GeV Upgrade, its forefront program of using electrons to unfold the quark and gluon structure of hadrons and nuclei and to probe the Standard Model must be realized TPC = $338M ETC = ~$8M Project Scope (~98% complete): Doubling the accelerator beam energy DONE New experimental Hall D and beam line DONE Civil construction including utilities DONE Upgrades to Experimental Halls B & C ~96% o Halls B & C Detectors DONE H. E. Montgomery 4 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

CEBAF Commissioning Highlights Spring 2015: First simultaneous Hall A/D operations Successful commissioning runs: Hall B (Heavy Photon Search) and Hall D (GlueX) Fall 2015: First operation of CEBAF at design energy Spring 2016: Hall D engineering run complete Hall A commissioning and early physics run Hall B HPS on weekends, extended run Summer 2016: Proton Radius Experiment (PRad) First completed experiment in 12 GeV era! Accelerator ready for 12 GeV physics program A & D beam separated on 5 th pass at 9.6 GeV D: 1 st production polarized photons H. E. Montgomery 5 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

GlueX in Hall D GlueX barrel time-of calorimeter -flight target forward calorimeter photon beam diamond wafer forward drift chambers electron beam tagger magnet tagger to detector distance is not to scale electron beam central drift chamber superconducting magnet New experiment to study quark confinement Commissioning complete Detector functioning well Production data-taking started Poised to discover exotic hybrid mesons H. E. Montgomery 6 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

CEBAF 2014 Commissioning: Hall D Achieved 12 GeV Project Hall D performance parameters (December 2014) Delivered beam quality met the initial years user requirements (e, dp/p, polarization ) Beam delivered to 3 Halls simultaneously H. E. Montgomery 7 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

12 GeV Upgrade Project Remaining scope & status: Hall C superconducting dipole, 2 quads o All magnets assembled, leak-checking & welding in progress o Q2 quadrupole left Vannes in late August Hall B superconducting torus, solenoid o Torus in cool-down o Solenoid: (coils 1 4, and coil 5 mated) cold mass assembled Most key technical risks retired. Proactively managing work at vendors to minimize schedule delays. H. E. Montgomery 8 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Jefferson Lab @ 12 GeV Science Questions What is the role of gluonic excitations in the spectroscopy of light mesons? excited gluon field Where is the missing spin in the nucleon? Role of orbital angular momentum? Can we reveal a novel landscape of nucleon substructure through 3D imaging at the femtometer scale? Can we discover evidence for physics beyond the standard model of particle physics? H. E. Montgomery 9 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

12 GeV Approved Experiments by Physics Topics Topic Hall A Hall B Hall C Hall D Other Total The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD (GluEx and heavy baryon and meson spectroscopy) 2 1 3 6 The transverse structure of the hadrons (Elastic and transition Form Factors) The longitudinal structure of the hadrons (Unpolarized and polarized parton distribution functions) The 3D structure of the hadrons (Generalized Parton Distributions and Transverse Momentum Distributions) Hadrons and cold nuclear matter (Medium modification of the nucleons, quark hadronization, N-N correlations, hypernuclear spectroscopy, few-body experiments) Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries 5 3 3 1 12 2 3 6 11 5 9 7 21 7 3 7 1 18 3 1 1 1 6 TOTAL 22 21 24 5 2 74 H. E. Montgomery 10 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Meson & Baryon Spectroscopy Hybrid Mesons Confinement H. E. Montgomery 11 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Isospin 1 Meson Spectrum H. E. Montgomery 12 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Beam Asymmetry in ρ Photoproduction Degree of Polarization 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Model Fit to Coherent Enhancement 0.0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 Energy [MeV] dn/d [Arbitrary Units] ~40% Polarization d? / 1 P? cos 2 d k / 1+P k cos 2 Polarization -150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 [degrees] Polarization -150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 [degrees] Acceptance errors not included Between 100 and 1000 times the 3000 existing events from SLAC. Working with JPAC on models for analysis H. E. Montgomery 13 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016 Asymmetry 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0-0.1-0.2-0.3 Lab Floor Decay Plane Polarization Photon Beam Polarization Plane P cos 2 = N k N? N k + N? -150-100 -50 0 50 100 150 [degrees] Large polarization transfer to the r

Four Photon Final States About 6% of the spring 2016 statistics from early in the run and using a very preliminary production run. Clear signals for σ, f 0 (980), f 2 (1270), a 0 (980) and a 2 (1320). M(γγ) for Pair 2 [GeV/c 2 ] 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 p! p 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 M(γγ) for Pair 1 [GeV/c 2 ] 3 10 2 10 10 1 Candidates / 10 MeV/c 2 500 400 300 200 100 Region f 0 (980) f 2 (1270) 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 M(4γ) [GeV/c 2 ] Candidates / 10 MeV/c 2 220 200 Region 180 160 a 0 (980) 140 a 2 (1320) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 M(4γ) [GeV/c 2 ] H. E. Montgomery 14 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Charmonium Pentaquark LHCb 2 Pc states needed to describe results: narrow: Pc(4450) wide: Pc(4380) JLab E12-16-007 H. E. Montgomery 15 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Nucleon Tomography H. E. Montgomery 16 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Solving the Proton Radius Puzzle Elastic e-p scattering PRad@JLab: Atomic H (projected) Muonic H H. E. Montgomery 17 PRad: new experiment to address proton radius @ JLab NSF MRI: H2 gas target DOE GEM tracking detectors Successful run in summer 2016! The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

3D Mapping of the Nucleon TMDs: Longitudinal momentum fraction x and transverse momentum k GPDs: Longitudinal momentum fraction x at transverse location b Transverse Momentum Imaging Transverse Spatial Imaging P e γ* } X e h Q 2 x +ξ t x ξ x ξ ~ x Bj x Bj H. E. Montgomery 18 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Imaging with JLab @ 12 GeV Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) and Transverse Momentum Distributions (TMDs) CLAS12 in Hall B: general survey experiments, large acceptance and medium luminosity SHMS, (HMS) and Neutral-Particle Spectrometer (NPS) in Hall C: precision cross sections for L-T studies and ratios, small acceptance and high luminosity SBS in Hall A : dedicated large-x TMD study medium acceptance and high luminosity Future: SoLID in Hall A: large acceptance and high luminosity H. E. Montgomery 19 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

The Incomplete Nucleon: Spin Puzzle 1 2 = 1 2 ΔΣ + L q + J g [X. Ji, 1997] DIS ΔΣ 0.25 RHIC + DIS ΔG~0.2 L q CEBAF 12 GeV H. E. Montgomery 20 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

3D Imaging Program at Data at 11 GeV Hall A Data reconstructed in calorimeter Missing Mass Reconstruction (1.5 h of beamtime) High impact experiment for nucleon 3D imaging program 16% of experiment completed in 2014-2016 H. E. Montgomery 21 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Nuclei and Nuclear Structure H. E. Montgomery 22 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Measuring the Neutron Skin in the Pb Nucleus Q w p =(1 4 sin 2 θ W ) Q W n = -1 Weak interaction selects neutrons Parity violating electron scattering Sensitive to neutron distribution Applications: Nuclear Physics, Neutron Stars, Atomic Parity, Heavy Ion Collisions H. E. Montgomery 23 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Beyond QCD Nuclear Structure and Reactions Future CEBAF data will determine the thickness of the neutron skins in a Pb, 40 Ca, 48 Ca nucleus which is related to the radius of a neutron star. Future CEBAF data on hypernuclei should test explanations of why neutron stars with masses twice that of our sun exist. Nuclear Astrophysics Future CEBAF injector data on γ+ 16 O 12 C +α will provide new information constraining the Carbon/Oxygen ratio in our universe. H. E. Montgomery 24 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

The Standard Model and Beyond H. E. Montgomery 25 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Heavy Photon Search HPS searches for an electro-produced hidden sector photon (A ) which decays to e + e - pairs A s could mediate dark matter annihilations and interactions with our matter HPS identifies A s with invariant mass and separated vertices Status: 1 GeV data under analysis o first results this summer 2 GeV data acquired in spring 2016 o results next year More running in the future NP-HEP Collaboration Measured e + e - Mass H. E. Montgomery 26 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Testing the Standard Model at JLab Standard Model JLab Data Projected JLab data: H. E. Montgomery 27 (from PDG 2014) The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016

Summary The 12 GeV Project is near to completion Elements of the 12 GeV Physics Program are established and operational in Halls A and D The detectors for Halls B and C are in their final phases of construction and will be commissioned during 2017 The Physics program will be an exciting and perhaps dominant component of the Medium Energy Physics worldwide during the next decade. It is a very exciting time at Jefferson Lab!!! H. E. Montgomery 28 The International Nuclear Physics Conference 2016