SLOVENIAN ALARM AND MONITORING NETWORKS Jasmina Kožar Logar, Denis Glavič-Cindro "Jožef Stefan" Institute,, Slovenia CHERNOBYL 25 YEARS LATER: STUDIES, REMARKS AND RECENT FINDINGS June 21-22-23, 2011 UDINE (Italy)
Facts about Slovenia 2 mio of inhabitants 20th birthday The smallest country in the world with NPP Other nuclear and radiation facilities First legislation (rules): 1977
Content Theory... Legislation and alarm and monitoring networks Authorities, organization, responsability WHAT to measure and WHY? WHO can do it? WHERE to sample? HOW MANY samples? HOW to measure?... and practice...
Slovenian Legislation in Force: Nuclear and Radiation Safety Ionising Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Act (ZVISJV) Decree on dose limits, radioactive contamination and intervention levels (UV2) Rules on radioactivity monitoring (JV10) Regulation on maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of human environment and on decontamination (Z9)
Authorities and Organization Ministry of environment and spatial planning Ministry of agriculture Ministry of Health and Public Agency Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration SNSA (URSJV) Early Worning Network Monitoring KNPP Precipitation, soil, air, sea, rivers, Dose rate (TLD) Feedstuff Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration SRPA (URSVS) Foodstuff Drinking water
Authorization of Radiological Protection Units Authorization for performing environmental radioactivity monitoring is granted by SNSA (Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration) Applicants should fulfill at least following conditions: that are registered for carrying out these activities in Slovenia that are accredited for methods concerning authorization by national accreditation body according to the ISO/IEC 17025 standard that have on disposal all the equipment that meets the minimal technical requirements that capabiliy of equipment exceeds for 30 % the authorised volume of measurements that participate at international intercomparison / proficiency tests
Nuclaear and Radiation Facilities in Slovenia URANIUM MINE Geol. Research: 1960 Operational: 1982 1990 Closed: 2005 RESEARCH REACTOR 1966 REPOSITORY 1996 Krško Brežice KNPP 1974: beginning of construction 1981: first testing operation 1982: full power, regular operation 1983: comercial operation
Monitoring programmes in Slovenia Locations: without movable locations; Samples and analyses: without continous meas. ENVIRONMENTAL whole territory Loc. Samp. 163 326 Anal. 534 Liquid discharges 2 77 178 NPP KRŠKO Atmospheric emissions 4 456 602 Environmental 112 695 1389 URANIUM MINE 148 293 460 RESEARCH REACTOR Emission monitoring Environmnetal 8 6 124 20 124 20 REPOSITORY 10 109 109 EMERGENCY???
Early Warning System Automatic ambient dose equivalent rate monitoring network 77 measuring stations - different institutions External gamma radiation - 0.5 hour dose rate results (nsv/h) Automatic report to EU system Free public access last 24 hours hystory results http://www.radioaktivnost.si/ewsmambo/ews/pozdrav/mzo_gmaps1.html DIRECT CONECTON TO ALARM NETWORK (EMERGENCY)
Slovenian On-line Early Warning System Nova Gorica, 21. 6. 2011
Alarm Network - Emergency Ministry of defence Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief Act on the protection against natural and other disasters 3 independent mobile units dose rate and contamination measurements with portable instruments, in-situ gamma ray spectrometry gamma ray spectrometry in mobile laboratory meteorological parameters continuous dose rate measurements with Ionization Chamber
MORAL 12 12 th Regular Workshop on Mobile Radiological Laboratories - Intercomparison Measurements 13 18 September 1999
Types of samples and analyses (KNPP) remarks location gamma H-3 Sr-90 TLD river filtered water, residue 3 56 36 40 0 river 4 12 16 12 0 sediment 9 36 0 36 0 fish 6 24 0 12 0 drinking water 3 12 12 12 0 drinking water continous 7 84 84 84 0 well 1 0 0 12 0 precipitation water 3 36 36 36 0 precipitation dry deposit 3 36 0 0 0 air iodine filter 7 168 0 0 0 air aerosol filter 8 96 0 12 0 soil 4 35 0 32 0 milk 3 36 0 36 0 milk I-131 on pasture 24 24 0 0 0 fruit 10 10 0 10 0 vegetables 20 20 0 20 0 meat / eggs 6 6 0 6 0 TLD 3 circles+fence+ijs+croatia 77 0 0 0 154 TOGETHER 1389 691 184 360 154
Institut "Jožef Stefan" KNPP monitoring sampling points TLD 14
External gamma radiation measurements External gamma radiation measured with continuous measurements of dose OR Dose rate in air 1 m above the ground with: thermoluminiscent dosemeters dose rate meters with GM counters
Institut "Jožef Stefan" KNPP monitoring sampling points 16
Precipitation and dry deposition sampling Continuous sampling of fallout is performed by sampling of precipitations sampling of dry deposit on vaseline plates Detection limit for Pb-210 is less than 1 Bq per sample Besides gamma ray spectrometry, in precipitation samples strontium and tritium concentrations are determined
Open air radioactivity / aerosols sampling 2 independent sampling lines with different flow rates charcoal filters impregnating with TEDA (1.300 m 3 /month) for determining I-131 fiberglass aerosol filter for determining aerosols (11.000 m 3 /month)
Soil sampling Soil (ground) is sampled on flat and uncultivated surfaces, for representative samples at least 3 subsamples from different locations are taken sampling with corers
Soil sampling conventional sampling method samples are taken from different depths for assessment of depth profiles stones and roots are removed from samples concentration of gamma ray emitters and strontium are determined
Measurement methods High resolution gamma ray spectrometry Beta spectrometry using proportional beta counter or liquid scintillation counter Alpha spectrometry using spectrometers alpha Continuous dose rate measurements Dose rate measurement with thermoluminiscent dosemeters In-situ gamma ray spectrometry
High resolution gamma ray spectrometry Gamma ray spectrometers should meet minimal technical requirements resolution: < 2.5 kev at 1.33 MeV calibrated range: 40 kev 2.70 MeV uncertainty of calibration: < 10 % relative efficiency: > 20 %
Liquid scintillation and beta spectrometry Tritium measurements electrolytical enrichment Strontium measurements
In-situ gamma ray spectrometry In-situ gamma ray spectrometers should meet minimal technical requirements resolution: < 2.5 kev at 1.33 MeV calibrated range: from 40 kev
Reporting WHAT? Measurement results Evaluation Trends Tranfer pathways Population groups Dose WHEN? Preliminary before next sampling According to the contract Regular and immediate HOW to WHOM? According to the organizational scheme Electronic form, paper work Interactive data base
Database with measurement results - ROKO Radioactivity in the Environment
Thank you for your attention 27