IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

20110512d.pdf IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet Researcher(s) Ed/Ray Beste/Frank Affiliation: USDA-ARS Salisbury Facility 27664 Nanticoke Rd. Salisbury MD 21801 PhoneNumber: (410) 742-8788 Email: ebeste@umd.edu Trial: 2010 MD ProjectTitle: Liverwort Efficacy Protocol #: 10-003 PR# Research Target Crop/Plant Product EPA Reg. # Production Site Status 29643 Liverwort Boxwood, Japanese Scythe 53219-7 Greenhouse C Marchantia Buxus microphylla Pelargonic acid Dow AgroScie

Investigators (Name, Address, Phone#, e-mail, etc) Location of Trial TRIAL TYPE: (field, container, greenhouse, etc) C. Edward Beste J. Ray Frank U. of Maryland 6916 Boyers Mill Road LESREC Salisbury Facility New Market, MD 21774 27664 Nanticoke Road (301) 898-5332 Salisbury, MD 21801 jrayfrank@comcast.net (410) 742-8780 ebeste@umd.edu Marshalls' Riverbank Nurseries 27573 Pemberton Drive, Salisbury, MD (410) 677-0900 www.mrnurseries.com - PF-18 Hoophouse Field Container Chemical - Common Name Pelargonic Acid - Formulation 57%, 4.2 lb Pelargonic Acid/gal - Lot Number ------ - Product Scythe - EPA Registration Number 62719-529 - Manufacturer Dow Agrosciences LLC USE INFORMATION - Plant Common Name Littleleaf Boxwood - Plant Scientific Name Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc. v. 'Winter Gem' - Pest(s) / Pathogen(s) / Weed(s) Weeds Potting Mix: 75% Carolina Pine Bark and 25% Pacific Pine Bark (Aged) % Sand % Silt % Clay % OM ph -- -- -- Rooted Cuttings: Summer 2008 Emergence: N/A Transplanting: May 19,2009 Enter each SPACING for: Pot: Pot to Pot Rows: N/A Enter each SIZE for: Pot: 3 gallon (AMK 1200) Amerikan Plot: N/A Experimental Design: Randomized complete block with 2 sub samples per replication. Number of Reps: 5 reps (Total of 10 containers per treatment) Page 1 of 7

APPLICATION PARAMETERS 1 Application Type: Ground, directed spray under the plants onto the growing media surface in the pot. Number of One: The application of Scythe (57% pelargonic acid as 4.2 lb pelargonic acid/gal) Applications: was on March 5, 2010 Application Type: Backpack, CO2 propellant, one nozzle wand handheld, wand was bent to provide a vertical downward single nozzle which was moved around the plant to apply a hollow cone spray application onto the pot surface and under the plant foliage. The nozzle travel time to encircle the pot was 1 second per pass with two passes in 2 secs required for 100 gpa. Nozzle Type/Size: Hollow cone TXVS3 tip, SS, 80 degree spray angle, TeeJet brand, 100 mesh screen check valve strainers. Nozzle Pressure: 03-04-10: 23 psi measured (low side gauge of CO2 pressure regulator = 30 psi) Delivery Rate: 03-04-10: Spray boom discharge = 76 ml/30 sec. or 2.5 ml/sec. The pot surface area of a 10.25 inch diameter pot was 82.5 sq in. or 0.573 sq ft. An application volume of 100 gpa is equal to 8.69 ml/sq ft; therefore, 5.0 ml dilute spray solution applied to pot surface equaled 100 gpa. The nozzle tip was 4-5 inch height above the pot surface to apply a uniform treatment from the pot edge to the base of the plant (5 inch distance) in a one second pass time around the pot as two complete circular passes for a 2 sec discharge. Calibration Dates: 03-04-10: APPLICATION SUMMARY APPLICATION DATE RATES Growth Stage 03-05-2010, 11:20 11:25 am Air Temp: 42F RH = 53% Cloud cover: 100% Wind direction: none Because the application was made inside a white plastic film (translucent) covered bow house. Treatment No. 1: untreated Treatment No. 2: The test substance, Scythe 4.2 EC was measured as an aliquot of 50 ml and added to 1,000ml of water (5% v/v) and mixed. The concentration of Scythe product was 189ml /gal or 6.4 fl oz /gal. Application of the dilute solution at 100 gal/acre (378.5 liter/acre) broadcast 640 fl oz Tower product per acre (5 gal Scythe/A) or 21 lb pelargonic acid per acre. Surfactant or additive was not used. Treatment No. 3: None Treatment No. 4: None Leaf surfaces were dry. Spray dilutions prepared 03-05-10 NOTE: Irrigation of 0.5 inch was applied 4 days after treatment application. Boxwood plants were transplanted in May 2009 and had been pruned prior to application. Plants were dormant at the time of treatment. Pruned stems and leaves were removed from the growing media surface and liverwort growth was not disturbed. Liverwort gemma cups were developing on the plant surface. NOTE: Plastic cover was removed from the bow house on March 15, 2010. The study was irrigated three times with 0.5 inch water applied each time during the 24 day period from February19 to March 15, 2010. 1 RAINFALL/IRRIGATION RECORDS: The Salisbury Facility weather station is located 2 mile NNE of the study site. Irrigation was recorded at the study site. Irrigation and rainfall for the field container study are provided. The daily maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall for the period of this study are also presented. Complete climatologic data on wind, dew, humidity, soil temperature and solar radiation are available. Page 2 of 7

Temperature and Rainfall Information February May 2010 University of Maryland - Salisbury Facility 27664 Nanticoke Road, Salisbury, MD 21801 February March April May DAY F Rain F Rain F Rain F Rain Min Max Inch Min Max Inch Min Max Inch Min Max Inch 1 3.386 37.99 0.11 34.12 48.33 0 39.64 72.7 0 60.78 86.7 0 2 11.08 40.35 0.19 31.17 41.9 0.25 43.54 69.28 0 69.71 85.3 0 3 28.23 40.33 0.16 33.21 38.98 0.38 43.53 71.5 0 69.71 81.2 0 4 24.56 37.56 0 34 45.39 0 48.88 76.7 0 61.38 82.6 0 5 26.66 36.64 0.45 32.92 46 0 46.78 80.6 0 51.41 83 0 6 16.61 33.27 1.22 29.97 48.8 0 55.06 86.9 0 62.64 86.6 0 7 13.38 29.15 0.41 30.04 55.9 0 66.28 87 0 51.17 76.3 0 8 15.73 31.27 0.02 28.11 58.41 0 67.12 80.7 0 58.73 84.9 0 9 8.08 40.76 0.59 29.6 63.75 0 48.22 68.45 0.69 46.48 61.72 0 10 20.39 34.89 0.26 35.37 66.22 0 37.84 61.96 0 39.04 62.07 0 11 25.76 37.62 0.03 48.56 63.05 0.04 45.9 72.5 0 38.93 59.38 0.1 12 22.57 36.3 0 44.48 52.23 1.27 45.76 71.1 0 50.43 79.2 0.03 13 23.66 31.02 0 45.75 52.17 1.05 41.75 57.23 0.1 48.71 65.79 0 14 20.23 39.2 0 42.26 55.54 0.03 36.09 61.89 0 52.84 83.5 0 15 12 41.84 0.01 41.19 46.6 0.27 36.82 69.05 0 55.84 76.6 0 16 25.56 36.14 0.01 35.55 58.83 0 54.17 84.3 0 54.59 73.4 0.01 17 24.98 35 0 31.89 64.95 0 44.02 68.32 0.01 50.75 62.1 0.24 18 30.26 42.92 0 32.61 67.42 0 34.72 56.2 0 49.36 55.53 1.26 19 32.55 43.23 0 33.7 70.6 0 39.4 63.81 0 50.26 66.76 0 20 27.97 44.31 0 41.39 75.3 0 36.4 67.3 0 48.82 77.5 0 21 29.43 48.49 0 49.19 73.1 0 47.09 62.93 0.07 50.39 85.3 0 22 29.72 42.92 0.09 49.78 64.72 0.06 48.58 70.4 0.01 57.34 77.1 0 23 35.12 39.76 0.43 45.33 53.37 0 48.71 69.52 0 57.99 75.4 0.52 24 31.94 44.25 0.19 44.14 63.69 0 42.94 66.28 0 54.15 76.3 0 25 31.22 40.53 0.14 40.18 72 0.01 51.28 74.8 0.29 55.71 76.9 0 26 30.93 37.29 0 38.19 58.55 0.88 50.66 60.28 0.13 51.71 85.2 0 27 32.19 44.07 0 30.09 46.23 0 45.81 64.72 0.08 56.62 85.4 0.22 28 28.77 43.54 0 30.87 62.13 0.06 35.55 58.01 0 56.68 75.5 0.28 29 3.386 37.99 0.11 48.01 57.89 1.96 40.66 67.66 0 61.32 79.1 0 30 11.08 40.35 0.19 42.21 51.22 0.16 46.42 78.8 0 62.25 86.4 0 31 44.81 67 0 62.62 89.1 0 Sum 4.31 6.42 1.38 2.66 Avg. 23.7 38.95 37.8 57.44 45.7 70.03 54.52 76.43 10 yr 27.9 46.2 35.3 55.5 44.7 66.4 52.7 74.2 Avg. 2.5 3.2 3.3 3.6 OBSERVATION TIME: MIDNIGHT TO MIDNIGHT Aspirated sensor for air temperature and humidity. Weather Station Location: N 38 22.474, W 075 39.461 Page 3 of 7

OTHER PESTICIDES, FERTILIZER, LIME AND ADJUVANTS USED: PRODUCT AMOUNT DATE 1) Slow Release fertilizer pellets 6 lb/cubic yard 5-18-09 2) lime, dolomitic, pulverized 5.5 lb./cubic yard 5-18-09 3) Rout Herbicide (oxyflurofen 2% + oryzalin 1%) 100 lb/a 5-22-09 4) Major and minor nutrients As needed Summer 5) No other pesticides were applied during the study. NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF METHODS AND RESULTS: A single spray application of Pelargonic Acid (4.2EC) Scythe was made under the foliage of Littleleaf Boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold. & Zucc v. 'Winter Gem') grown in field containers. The directed spray application of Scythe, 5%v/v dilution was made on March 5, 2010, using a CO 2 powered boom sprayer with a single nozzle. The percent weed cover in the untreated control containers was 70% Liverworts (Marchantia species). At the time of the application, containers treated at the X rate had 38% Liverwort cover. NOTE: The containers available to continue these studies had a reduced Liverwort population compared to the untreated control because all available containers had been selected for uniform high populations in the studies treated on February 19, 2010. Applications in this Study No. 12 were applied March 5, 2010 or 14 days after the previous nine studies. Therefore; Liverwort control is reported as the percent reduction of pot cover in the following discussion. The untreated control of 02-19-10 was used for this study. On March 10, 2010, five days after the application, the untreated control containers had a Liverwort cover of 69% which was a 1% decrease or unchanged; however, Scythe at the 5% v/v rate reduced Liverwort cover from 38% to 6% or an 84% reduction of Liverwort cover. At trial's end, April 28, 2010, the untreated control containers had 62% Liverwort cover which was an 11% reduction (54 days after treatment) probably due to increased sunlight and temperatures; whereas, Scythe at the X rate caused a 58% reduction of Liverwort cover. The increase in Liverwort cover from March 10 (6% cover) to April 28 (16% cover) indicated regrowth of Liverwort which did not occur with Scythe, 10%v/v in another 2010 study (Study 4) in Maryland. No significant phytotoxicity or differences in height x width were observed during the trial. No reduction in marketability of the Littleleaf Boxwoods was observed. Protocol Deviations: 1) Irrigation was not applied after Scythe applications as per the protocol, because the grower irrigation schedule was followed. GOOD RESEARCH PRACTICE STATEMENT: I acknowledge that I have read and followed the IR-4 Research protocol and completed this trial following good agricultural practice, or reported any deviations. SIGNATURE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS: Date Completed: October 5, 2010 Page 4 of 7

Figure 1: PR 29643A (Study No. 12) - Untreated control with Liverwort (Marchantia sp.) on the pot surface with Littleleaf Boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc V.'Winter Gem'). Date: March 3, 2010 NOTE: A photograph of the treatment was not obtained. Page 5 of 7

IR-4 ORNAMENTAL DATA REPORTING FORM Study No. 12 - PR29643: LIVERWORT / Scythe Herbicide (pelargonic acid) Description PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO Height Width H X W Height Rating Date 3/3/10 3/10/10 3/17/10 3/31/10 4/28/10 2/19/10 2/19/10 2/19/10 4/28/10 Rating Unit 0-10** 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10 cm*** cm sq cm cm Number of Subsamples 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 T1 Trt Treatment* Rate No. Name Rate Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Untreated Control 0 % v/v 1.3 b 1.8 a 1.7 b 1.3 a 0.9 a 18.8 a 21.2 a 400.9 a 21.8 a 2 Scythe (53% pelargonic acid) 5 % v/v 1.9 a 2.4 a 2.7 a 2.1 a 0.8 a 18.6 a 20.8 a 390.1 a 21.8 a LSD (P=.05) 0.52 0.68 0.98 1.04 0.52 1.13 2.54 30.62 3.59 Standard Deviation 0.30 0.39 0.56 0.59 0.30 0.64 1.44 17.44 2.05 CV 18.49 18.44 25.41 34.8 34.8 3.43 6.88 4.41 9.39 Bartlett's X2 0.017 0.154 2.687 0.017 0.656 0.139 5.908 0.812 0.253 P(Bartlett's X2) 0.897 0.695 0.101 0.897 0.418 0.709 0.015* 0.368 0.615 Replicate F 3.286 2.333 0.680 0.071 1.857 12.030 1.826 17.916 0.170 Replicate Prob(F) 0.1379 0.2160 0.6411 0.9873 0.2818 0.0168 0.2870 0.0081 0.9427 Treatment F 10.286 6.000 8.000 4.571 0.286 0.242 0.192 0.959 0.000 Treatment Prob(F) 0.0327 0.0705 0.0474 0.0993 0.6213 0.6483 0.6842 0.3830 1.0000 Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Mean comparisons performed only when AOV Treatment P(F) is significant at mean comparison OSL. * Spray Volume 100 gal per acre. Directed spray treatments were applied on March 5, 2010 **PHYTO Rating: The scale of 0 to 10 indicated foliar symptoms such as necrosis, chlorosis, abnormal growth or injury. On the rating scale, zero (0) indicated no effect on the plant and 10 rating indicated a dead plant. *** Plant size measurements were reported in cm width and height and the product of height X width as square centimeters for a two dimensional plant size. Description Width H X W Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Rating Date 4/28/10 4/28/10 3/3/10 3/10/10 3/17/10 3/31/10 4/28/10 Rating Unit cm*** sq cm % cover 1 % cover % cover % cover % cover Number of Subsamples 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 T2 Trt Treatment* Rate No. Name Rate Unit 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 Untreated Control 0 % v/v 28.0 a 611 a 70 a 69 a 73 a 79 a 62 a Scythe (53% pelargonic 2 5 % v/v 28.0 a 608 a 38 b 6 b 8 b 11 b 16 b acid) LSD (P=.05) 4.50 156.3 11.3 6.8 6.0 9.9 18.4 Standard Deviation 2.56 89.0 6.4 3.9 3.4 5.6 10.5 CV 9.15 14.6 11.89 10.4 8.45 12.69 26.93 Bartlett's X2 0.0 0.048 0.828 0.355 1.595 1.187 2.883 P(Bartlett's X2). 0.827 0.363 0.551 0.207 0.276 0.09 Replicate F 1.019 0.479 0.091 2.333 4.243 2.922 0.983 Replicate Prob(F) 0.4929 0.7531 0.9803 0.2160 0.0952 0.1619 0.5064 Treatment F 0.000 0.003 62.061 672.042 899.514 362.667 47.955 Treatment Prob(F) 1.0000 0.9614 0.0014 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0023 Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Mean comparisons performed only when AOV Treatment P(F) is significant at mean comparison OSL. * Spray Volume 100 gal per acre. Directed spray treatments were applied on March 5, 2010 *** Plant size measurements were reported in cm width and height and the product of height X width as square centimeters for a two dimensional plant size. 1 Pot cover is the percent of the surface of the pot covered by Liverwort. : T1 = [C6]*[C7] and T2 = [C9]*[C10] Page 6 of 7

Study No. 12 - PR29643: LIVERWORT / Scythe Herbicide (pelargonic acid) Description PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO PHYTO Height Width H X W Rating Date 3/3/10 3/10/10 3/17/10 3/31/10 4/28/10 2/19/10 2/19/10 2/19/10 Rating Unit 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10 0-10 cm cm sq cm Number of Subsamples 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 T1 Trt Treatment Rate No. Name Rate Unit Plot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 Untreated Control 0 % v/v 101 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.5 20.5 20.5 421.5 203 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 17.5 21.0 376.5 302 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 21.0 22.0 462.0 401 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 17.5 21.5 377.0 502 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 17.5 21.0 367.5 2 Scythe (53% pelargonic acid) Mean = 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.9 18.8 21.2 400.9 5 % v/v 102 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 20.0 21.0 421.0 201 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 0.5 18.0 20.0 359.0 303 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 20.0 24.0 488.0 402 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 16.5 21.5 353.5 503 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 18.5 17.5 329.0 Mean = 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.1 0.8 18.6 20.8 390.1 Description Height Width H X W Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort Rating Date 4/28/10 4/28/10 4/28/10 3/3/10 3/10/10 3/17/10 3/31/10 4/28/10 Rating Unit cm cm sq cm % cover % cover % cover % cover % cover Number of Subsamples 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 T2 Trt Treatment Rate No. Name Rate Unit Plot 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1 Untreated Control 0 % v/v 101 23.0 28.5 643 70 65 70 70 55 203 21.5 29.0 634 70 70 70 80 70 302 24.0 27.5 662 70 70 70 80 63 401 21.0 31.0 651 75 65 75 78 60 502 19.5 24.0 468 65 75 78 85 63 2 Scythe (53% pelargonic acid) Mean = 21.8 28.0 611 70 69 73 79 62 5 % v/v 102 22.0 32.5 715 40 0 3 8 18 201 21.5 27.5 582 35 5 8 8 15 303 20.5 27.0 554 40 0 5 3 0 402 21.0 26.0 544 30 10 5 8 10 503 24.0 27.0 648 45 13 20 28 38 Mean = 21.8 28.0 608 38 6 8 11 16 T1 = [C6]*[C7] T2 = [C9]*[C10] Page 7 of 7