METIS Second Master Training & Seminar GIS and GNSS Integration By Eng. Ramadan Salem M. Sc. Surveying and Geodesy Email: ramadan_salem@link.net Page 1
GIS and GNSS Integration: Plan of the Presentation 1. GIS Definition 2. The Benefits of GIS 3. What Can GIS Do? 4. Database Definition and Its Types 5. Data Layers and Their Types 6. GIS Components 7. Integrating GNSS for Mobile Mapping 8. GIS/GNSS Sample Projects In Egypt The METIS project is managed by the European GNSS Supervisory Authority through Euro-MED GNSS I project Page 2
What is a GIS? GIS Stands for Geographic Information System Numerous definitions exist: A computerized database management system which provides the tools for collecting, editing, storing, retrieving, analyzing and displaying attribute data that is tied to a spatial location. An information system for managing spatial data and associated attributes. Smart Maps linking a database to the map, creating Dynamic Displays. Visualization makes database easy to interpret in ways simply not possible in the rows and columns of a spreadsheet. Page 3
The Benefits of GIS Better information management Increases productivity Saves time and money Manages resources High quality analysis Ability to carry out What If? Scenarios Improve overall decision making Page 4
What Can GIS Do? GIS can answer the following questions: What is at a given location? Where does it occur? What is nearby? What happens if? Page 5
What Is Database? Database: a collection of maps and associated information in digital form. Types of Database: Spatial Database (where): Specifies the geography (shape and position) of earth surface features, Attribute (Descriptive) Database: (what, how much, when) Describing the characteristics or qualities of these features at that location. Stored in a data base table GIS systems traditionally maintain spatial and attribute data separately, then join them for display or analysis. Page 6
Data Layers Data Layers: Are the result of combining spatial and attribute data. Each layer representing a common feature. GIS overlays layers based on common geographic location. GIS answers questions by comparing different layers of data. Layer Types: there are 2 major layer types, Vector Layer Raster Layer Raster Layer Vector Layer Real World Page 7
Data Layers Cadastral Transportation Hydrography Government Units Elevation GNSS Control Imagery Page 8
Spatial Data: Vector Layer Vector Layer: spatial data (Points, Lines and Polygons) associated with attribute data. Spatial Data and Attribute Data are stored separately, then GIS joins them for display or analysis. Maps and Database are Interactive Page 9
Spatial Data: Vector Layer All geographic features in the real world can be represented either as: Points: X & Y Locations Lines: Connected X & Y Locations Polygons: Connected X & Y Locations that contain attribute information. Capturing Vector Data: Digitizing from existing paper maps GNSS Surveying Traditional surveying techniques (Total Stations, ) CAD Drawings Page 10
Spatial Data: Raster Layer Raster Layer: a fine mesh of grid cells in which we record one attribute information of the earth's surface at that point. Each cell is given a numeric value (say the value "6 ) which may then represent either: a feature ID, (District 6) a qualitative attribute code or (Soil Type 6) a quantitative attribute value. (6 m above MSL) Raster Layer does not define features at all. But graphically represent them instead. Page 11
Spatial Data: Raster Layer The graphical representation of features and their attributes are merged into unified data files. Capturing Raster Data: Scanning Photogrammetry Satellite Imagery Remote Sensing Page 12
Key Properties of Spatial Data Projection: the method by which the curved 3-D surface of the earth is represented by X,Y coordinates on a 2-D flat map/screen distortion is expected Scale: the ratio of distance on a map to the equivalent distance on the ground Accuracy: how well does the database info match the real world Positional: how close are features to their real world location? Consistency: do feature characteristics in database match those in real world (e.g. is a road in the database a road in the real world?) Completeness: are all real world instances of features present in the database? (e.g. Are all roads included). Resolution: the size of the smallest feature able to be recognized. for raster data, it is the pixel size The tighter the specification, the higher the cost. Page 13
Traditional Maps vs. GIS Traditional Maps Provides Static Data Fixed projection, scale and coordinate System Difficult to overlay map layers Updates require re-drafting Paper maps usable in present form GIS Provides Dynamic Data Can convert to new projection, scale or coordinate system Can overlay as many maps as contained in database Tools allow for map updates without re-drafting Must convert map data to a digital environment Page 14
What Makes up a GIS? Software GIS Analyst Geo-Referenced Database Hardware Management Page 15
1- Hardware Computers (PC, Workstations, Servers): CPU, Memory, Storage Devices (Mass Storage) Hard disks, Tape, Optical disks, CD ROM/DVD Zip drivers, Flash Cards, USB HD Input Devices Keyboard, Scanner, Digitizer, Camera, Voice Recognition GNSS, Stereo Plotter, Remote Sensing Sensors Output Devices Graphics Monitors (Graphics Cards) Printers (Dot Matrix / Laser / Inkjet) Plotters (Drum / Flatbed) Communication/Networking Devices WAN / LAN / High-Speed Network Modem / Phone Lines / Cable Page 16
2- Software for GIS Operating Systems: Windows / LINUX Basic GIS software Programs: Vector Based Software: ESRI: ArcGIS, ArcInfo, ArcView Intergraph: Geomedia, MGE Autodesk: AutoCAD Map, MapGuide MapInfo Raster Based Software: Erdas Imagine IDRISI Database Management Systems (DBMS) Oracle, Microsoft SQL, Access, Development Languages: Common programming languages: VC, VB, Java, Page 17
GIS Work Flow Decide and Take action Collect and Edit Spatial Data Information for Decision Making Data Input Data Retrieval, Manipulation Page 18
GNSS Role in GIS GNSS System is Widely Used in GIS for: Navigating to locations or features Collecting Vector Spatial Data (Points, Lines and Polygons) Adding a fourth dimension to GIS data (Time), Verifying locations of features, Evaluating accuracy of existing data, Establishing Ground Controls for Photogrammetry, Satellite Imagery Finally: If you don t have existing digital mapping or data, It s a good place to start. Page 19
Mobile Mapping Mobile mapping is the ability to collect field data, with unique geospatial time tags and attributes, for integrating into or updating a GIS. Mobile mapping provides the freedom to collect data, anytime, anywhere, in any manner. Page 20
Mobile Mapping Requirements Handheld Personal Computer (HPC): Data Collectors Tablet PC PDA with Integrated GNSS Application Software: Data entry, editing, synchronization, wireless communication, expandable memory and storage. GNSS Receivers: With Real-time capability Page 21
Data Collectors Handheld Personal Computer (HPC): Rugged, Lightweight, Temperature Tolerant, Long Battery Life. Small, Sunlight Readable, Weather Resistant, Page 22
Data Collectors Communication with GNSS Receivers: RS232 cable Wireless Bluetooth Data collectors with built-in GNSS receivers Other Bluetooth Enabled Hardware that can be used as a data collector: Table PC PDA using Windows Pocket PC Laptops Communication with Accessories: RS232 connector cable between the collector and external device Bluetooth wireless connection Page 23
Table PC Page 24
GNSS Equipments Data Collectors: With integrated GNSS receivers With external GNSS receivers GNSS Receivers and Accuracy: Mapping Grade Survey Grade GNSS Accessories: Beacon Receivers Different Types of Antennas Laser Range Finders Digital Cameras GNSS Hardware Cost: Related to accuracy Dependent on the accessories Page 25
GNSS Receivers A. Mapping Grade Receivers: From <1 meter to (2 to 5) meter accuracy Fairly low cost Good for GIS mapping Verticals are not very accurate B. Survey Grade Receivers: From 1 cm to 10 cm accuracy Very expensive Good where precision 3D accuracy is required Page 26
A- Mapping Grade Receivers Open Platform Windows Mobile v5.0 GeoXM Handheld Recon GPS XB Edition (2-5m) Juno ST (2-5m) GeoBeacon Receiver External L1 GPS Antenna Page 27
A- Mapping Grade Receivers Open Platform Windows CE.NET v4.2 MobileMapper CE MobileMapper Beacon Page 28
B- Survey Grade Receivers Single Frequency L1 RTK ProMark3 RTK Page 29
B- Survey Grade Receivers Dual Frequency L1/L2 RTK Z-Max.Net R8 GNSS System Page 30
B- Survey Grade Receivers Dual Frequency L1/L2 RTK GSR2700 ISX GNSS System Tablet PC Penmap GPS Page 31
GNSS Project Work Flow Page 32
GIS/GNSS Projects In Egypt General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB) Web Site: http://www.gaeb.gov.eg It s a governmental authority Objectives: The provision of an educational building on the most elevated level Preparing schools by the newest educational methods The maintenance of the educational buildings Page 33
GIS/GNSS Projects In Egypt Instruments Used: ITRONIX Tablet PC with MS Windows XP Tablet Edition Penmap Software from Strata The DGPS Max from CSI SOKKIA SET3030R Total Station Page 34
GIS/GNSS Projects In Egypt GIS Data Record Contains the following data fields: Global Index Local Index Governorate Code School Name School Code Address Village Code Educational Grade Number of Students Date of Delivery Date of Initial Delivery Customized view of Penmap Software Page 35
GIS/GNSS Projects In Egypt Greater Cairo Utility Data Center (GCUDC) Web Site: http://www.gcudc.com.eg/fe.html It s a governmental authority Objectives: Responsible for Surveying basemap and detecting existing underground utility lines (Water Pipes, Gas, Electric lines, Sewers) using GNSS and traditional surveying methods and updates its GIS database Not allowed to any authority to dig Greater Cairo streets without technical permission from GCUDC. Helps Capital planners to know the actual underground utilities and make decisions through GIS database to achieve best planning for this area. Page 36
Thank You! http://www.aui.ma/gnss/metis/