2011 48 3 573 578 * ** 550025 Orius similis 3 ~ 5 HollingⅡ 3 ~ 5 2 5 5 2 E P E = 0. 412P - 1. 623 E = 0. 416P - 1. 639 5 2 5 2 The predation of Orius similis to Frankliniella occidentalis and ZHI Jun-Rui ** ZHENG Shan-Shan ZHANG Chang-Rong LIU Feng-Jiao Institute of Entomology Guizhou University The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region Guiyang 550025 China Abstract Orius similis is an important natural enemy of many small insect pests. Predation of O. similis on two common pests and was studied. The functional responses of 3 rd to 5 th instars and adults of O. similis to F. occidentalis could be described by Holling Ⅱ equations. Both instars and female adults of O. similis displayed higher instantaneous attack rates on F. occidentalis than on A. craccivora however adults had a lower instantaneous attack rate on the F. occidentalis compared to that of A. craccivora. The 5 th instar nymph of O. similis had a better ability to control A. craccivora than female adults however the reverse was true with respect to F. occidentalis. Predation rates were density-dependent predation efficiency E decreased with increasing O. similes density P. Regression equations of the predation efficiency of 5 th instar O. similes nymphs on 2 nd instar larva of F. occidentalis and A. craccivora were E = 0. 412P - 1. 623 and E = 0. 416P - 1. 639 respectively. 5 th instar nymphs had a positive preference for 2 nd instar larva of F. occidentalis over those of A. craccivora however previous experience had a significant influence on prey preference O. similis prefers to prey on which it has previously fed. Key words Orius similis predation Childers and Achor 1995 Ullman et al. 1997 * 20080325 2007 20 NY 2010 3065 ** E-mail jrzhi@ yahoo. com. cn 2011-02-28 2011-05-03
574 48 24 h 24 h Villevieille and Millot 1991 Van den Meiracker and Ramakers 1991 Chambers et al. 1993 1994 Holling Ⅱ Na = a'nt / 1 + a'thn a' Van Lenteren et al. 1997 Th Na N Gilkeson et al. 1990 Chambers 5 mm 100 mm 6 HollingⅡ T 1 d Na max = et al. 1993 1 /Th a' Th S = 2003 a' / 1 + a'thn 2003 1. 2. 2 2 100 5 1 2 4 6 8 10 2007a 2007b 2007c 2008 6 24 h 24 h Hassell E = QP - m 1986 E Q 2 m P E = Na / N P Na N P 1. 2. 3 1 50 2 50 1. 1 50 50 2 100 5 24 h 24 h E Jacobs 1974 E = Ne / Se 1 - N / S / N / S 1 - Ne / Se E Ne Se 2 N S 2 1 0 1. 2 1 1. 2. 1 1. 2. 4 3 4 5 2 2 3 2 5 6 2 50 24 h 10 20 30 40 50 60 1
3 575 2 3 30 ~ 60 8 2 1. 3 27 L D = 14 10 5 70% HollingⅡ 2 HollingⅡ 1. 4 1 3 ~ 5 Excel 2003 2 Holling Ⅱ Hassell 2 3 2. 1 a' Th a' / Th 10 ~ 40 2 5 > 4 > 3 40 5 ~ 60 10 ~ 30 3 4 1 Table 1 Functional response of Orius similis to different preys Stage Prey Functional response equation r a' / Th a' Na max 3 Na = 0. 7610N / 1 + 0. 0073N 0. 8591 * 0. 7610 79. 27 104. 17 3 rd instar 4 Na = 0. 8423N / 1 + 0. 0051N 0. 9866 ** 0. 8423 138. 08 163. 93 4 th instar 5 Na = 0. 8898N / 1 + 0. 0039N 0. 9955 ** 0. 8898 202. 22 227. 27 5 th instar Female adult 3 3 rd instar Na = 1. 0202N / 1 + 0. 0059N Na = 0. 7822N / 1 + 0. 0073N 0. 9943 ** 0. 9736 ** 1. 0202 0. 7822 175. 90 84. 10 172. 41 107. 53 4 2 4 th Na = 0. 9512N / 1 + 0. 0102N instar 0. 9762 ** 0. 9512 88. 90 93. 46 5 Frankliniella 5 th instar occidentalis Female adult Na = 0. 9507N / 1 + 0. 0092N Na = 0. 9946N / 1 + 0. 0076N 0. 9869 ** 0. 9964 ** 0. 9507 0. 9946 98. 01 130. 87 103. 09 131. 58 * P < 0. 05 ** P < 0. 01 The one asterisk and two asterisks show significant correlative at 0. 05 and 0. 01 level respectively.
576 48 1 2. 2 1 2 5 2 2 3 5 E E 2 30 4 E = QP - m E Q 30 ~ m P 60 4 5 E = 0. 416P - 1. 639 r 2 = 0. 9902 ** E = 0. 412P - 1. 623 r 2 = 0. 9915 ** 2 5 Table 2 The predation rate of 5 th nymph of Orius similis to Frankliniella occidentalis and Fig. 1 Density of predator Prey 1 2 4 6 8 10 2 1 2 0. 372 0. 151 0. 054 0. 025 0. 014 0. 009 The searching efficiency of each stage of Frankliniella occidentalis Orius similis to 2 nd instar larva of 0. 352 0. 153 0. 049 0. 024 0. 013 0. 008 2. 3 3 3 2 5 2 1 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 Fig. 2 The searching efficiency of each stage of Orius similis to 2. 4
3 577 Table 3 3 5 Selection coefficient of 5 th nymph of Orius similis to different preys Combination of preys Selective coefficient 2 Female adult of 2 0. 2506 3. 9900 1. 6781 0. 5959 4 38. 00 2 12. 46 35. 25 3 2 24. 63 2 Table 4 4 The influence of foodstuffs changing on the predation of Orius similis Former food Combination of preys Selective coefficient 2 2 1. 4312 0. 6987 3. 0599 0. 3279 3 5 Holling Ⅱ 1999 2 5 3 4 2 Henaut 2000 2007b O. majusculus 4 2
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