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köwgk Sramik: A BILS Journal, July-December 2015 RyjvB-wW m ^i, 2015 m úv`kxq Dc `óv cwil` gmevndïxb Avn g` gv: gwreyi ingvb f~tv Aa vwckv Rvnvbviv emg ivq i gk P `ª cöavb m úv`k briæj Bmjvg Lvb m úv`k ˆmq` myjzvb DwÏb Avn ` e e vcbv Gg G ingvb mnkvix m úv`k dvwiev Zvevmmyg gỳ ªY mvi Kv wgwwqv GBW mvwf mm 85/1, mv d qzdjøvn jb, dwkivcyj XvKv-1000 cökvkk dªwwik BevU w duvs-gi mn hvwmzvq evsjv `k Bbw wudu Ae jevi vwwr-wej&m (Supported by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung -FES) evwo: 20, mok 11 (bzzb) 32 (cyivzb), avbgwû, XvKv. dvb 9143236, 9120015, 9116553 d v : 58152810 B- gbj: bils@citech.net &I qe: www.bils-bd.org ISSN : 2224-1817 2
m úv`kxq wej&m Rvb vj köwgk-gi we kl msl v wn m e GB msl vwu cökvwkz n Q mvaviyz GKwU GKv WwgK Rvb v j mswkøó wel q we klá e w³ `i jlv w` qb cökvwkz nq hw`i köwg Ki wewfbœ msl vq Avgiv we klá e w³ `i mv _ bexb `i jlv Qvwc qwq wkš Zviv mevb Kv bv wek we` vj qi cöfvlk A_ev M elk wq jb bzzb cör b i fwel r M elk `i kög Bmÿ Z m ú ³ Kiv Ges fwel Z kög Bmÿ wb q M elyv Kv R DrmvwnZ Kivi j ÿ wewfbœ wek we` vj qi wkÿv_ x `i Rb wej&m-g B Uvb wk ci e e v we` gvb GB Kg m~wpi Ask wn m e wewfbœ wek we` vj qi wkÿv_ xiv wej&m-g wewfbœ Bmÿ Z B Uvb wkc m úbœ K i _v K GB B Uvb wk ci wkÿv_ x `i M elyvi cöwz e`b _ K K qkwu cöwz e`b wbe vpb K i GB we kl msl vwu Kiv n q Q GLv b wbe vp bi gvb`ð aiv n q Q wewfbœ ÿ Î cövwšík kögrxex Rb Mvôx wb q K Z K qkwu cöwz e`b G ÿ Î M elyv ev cöwz e` bi gvb K gyl aiv nqwb, eiâ h mkj kögrxex Mvôx Avgv `i ` wómxgvi g a Pjv div Ki ji Zv `i Rxe bi nvwm, Kvbœv, msku, mgm v ` wói Avov jb _ K hvq Ges Lye Kg mgqb GKv WwgK M elkmy DrmvwnZ nb GB welqwu wb q KvR Ki Z bexb `i Pv L köwgk `i Ggb wkqz mgm v KB GB cöwz e`b jvi gva g Zz j aiv n q Q Avgv `i cöz vkv bxwzwba vik I cöwzwôz M elkmy G e vcv i Av iv Mfxifv e M elyvkv R DrmvwnZ n eb Rvb v ji GB we kl msl vwu g~jz bexb `i Pv L kög K `Lv n q Q Lye ewk cwiez b Kiv nqwb, GKai bi m úv`bv QvovB cökvwkz n q Q A bk ÿ Î f~wgkv, Dcmsnvi `qv nqwb kyay Zv `i M elyvkvrwu Zz j aiv n q Q 3
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m~wpcî ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vb I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKv-wfwËK GKwU M elyv 7-17 gvmv. gvn&ryev D di `Šmx emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq 18-37 izœv emg Avw`evmx g q `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ mvgvwrk Ae v 38Ñ46 nvmvb Avj Avãyjøvn nwem Ä Pv-kªwgK `i my hvm-myweav I Kv Ri cwi ek ˆmq` gvkvid nv mb 47Ñ57 Mv g Um wk í köwgk Am šívl: KviY, cöfve I DËi Yi Dcvq: GKwU mgxÿv 58Ñ77 KvImvi nvmvbb KvV-wkíkÖwgK `i Ici cwipvwjz M elyv gv: Avwidzi ingvb 78Ñ88 XvKv `wÿy wmwu K c v ik bi cwi QbœZv Kg x `i kög AwaKvi m PZbZv Ges ckvmz ^v I wbivcëv-msµvší ez gvb Ae v 89Ñ104 KvwbR dv Zgv Lvb ævulnerability Assessment And After Award Services For Rana Plaza Survivors And Their Family Members 105Ñ108 kviwgb Av³vi 5
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ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vb I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKv-wfwËK GKwU M elyv Ñ gvmv. gvn&ryev D di `Šmx f wgkv evsjv ` ki A_ bwzk mg w AR b ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi Ae`vb Ab ^xkvh we klz ˆZwi cvkvkwkí ißvwb Lv Zi kx l Ae vb K i wemz K qk `kk a i m e v P ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv AR b K i Q Avi G ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi Awe Q` GKwU Ask n jv ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv G ai bi kz kz KviLvbv Qwo q Av Q XvKv I Gi Avkcv ki K qkwu GjvKvq Gme KviLvbvq Kg iz köwg Kiv AwaKvskB Aíeq bvix I cyiæl hw`i ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi cöe w i PvKv mpj ivl Z ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbvi köwg Kiv K Vvi cwikög Ki Q Zvi cii Gme köwg Kiv b vh grywi, my hvm-myweav n Z ewâz n Q XvKvi KivbxM Ä Aew Z `kwu ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv I cvkvkköwg Ki Ici Rwic Pvwj q Gme Z_ cviqv hvq G `i AwaKvskB AZ ší Kg grywi Z, A ^v Ki cwi e k KvR Ki Q Gme KviLvbvq Kg iz bvixköwg Kiv gvz Z Kvjxb AeKvk Dc fv Mi my hvm n Z ewâz kög AvBb Abyhvqx Kv bv KviLvbvq PvKwii gqv` 6 gvm c~y n j bvixköwg Ki cöm~wzkj vy myweav fvm Ki Z cv ib, A_ vr Kv bv bvixköwgk Zvi mšívb cöm ei Av M 8 mßvn I c i 8 mßvn gvu 16 mßvn ezbmn G QzwU fvm Ki Z cv ib wkš Gme KviLvbvi bvixköwgkiv Mf ezx n j Zv `i K webv ez b QzwU KvUv Z nq A_ev KvR n Z Ae vnwz `Iqv nq M elyvi hšw³kzv XvKvi KivbxM Ä ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv Z Kg iz köwgk `i Ici cwipvwjz ez gvb M elyv G mkj KviLvbvq Kg iz kªwgk `i mvwe K Ae v m ú K Rvb Z mnvqzv Ki e Gi d j ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i wewfbœ mgm v ˆ`b -`ỳ kv m ^ Ü ^ Q aviyv cviqv hv e Ges mkj Drm wn m e KvR Ki e M elyvi Z_ mvaviy RbM Yi g a m PZbZv eva M o Zvjvi ÿ Î I BwZevPK f~wgkv cvjb Ki e GQvov köwg KivI Zv `i AwaKvi m ú K m PZb n e M elyvi D Ïk M elyv GjvKvi köwgk `i Av_ -mvgvwrk Ae v I Zv `i AwaKvi m ú K Rvbv Ges köwgk AwaKvi c~i Y fwel r KiYxq wba viy Kiv G M elyvi gšwjk D Ïk GQvov GB M elyvi Rvbvi D Ïk jv n jv : köwg Kiv b vh grywi cv Q wk bv Zv Rvbv 7
köwgk `i ÿ Î kög AvBb I AvšÍR vwzk kög AvBb KZUzKz cö qvm n Q Zv Rvbv köwgk `i gvbevwakvi KZUzKz c~iy n Q Zv Rvbv köwgk `i KviLvbvi Ae v m ú K Rvbv köwgk `i Kg j KZUzKz ^v, wbivc` I Kg -Dc hvmx Zv m ú K Rvbv M elyv GjvKv I Z_ msmö ni bgybv wba viy M elyv GjvKv wn m e XvKv- KivbxMÄ GjvKvq M o IVv ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý KviLvbv i q Q mb GjvKv K mvgwmök wn m e biqv n q Q Z_ msmön Kivi Rb KivbxMÄ GjvKv K 5wU fv M fvm Kiv n q Q h_v : 1. KvjxMÄ 2. ZjNvU 3. AvwjbMi, KvjxMÄ 4. bvgvcvov 5. KjvwZqv GB cuvpwu GjvKv n Z 10wU K i 25 Rb bvix I 25 Rb cyiæl gvu 50 Rb cvkvkköwg Ki KvQ _ K Z_ msmön Kwi I cöwzwu GjvKvi 2wU KviLvbvi gvwjkmn gvu 10wU KviLvbvi gvwj Ki KvQ _ K KviLvbv m ú K Z_ msmön Kwi M elyvq cövß Z_ vewj ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq: KivbxMÄ, XvKvwfwËK GKwU M elyv KviLvbvi köwgk-m úwk Z Uey jkb mviwy-1 : wrý KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i eqm köwgk `i eqm MYmsL v kzkiv 10-20 19 38% 20-30 23 46% 30-40 7 14% 40-50 1 2% gvu 50 100% DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu köwgk 50 Rb, hv `i g a 20 _ K 30 eq ii köwgk `i eq mi nvi ewk hvi MYmsL v 23, kzkiv nvi 46 Ges 40-50 eq ii köwgk `i eq mi nvi me wb œ, hvi MYmsL v 1 Ges kzkiv 2 8
mviwy- 2 : köwgk `i ˆeevwnK Ae v-m úwk Z mviwy ˆeevwnK Ae v köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi weevwnz 22 44 AweevwnZ 28 56 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu 50 köwg Ki g a 22 Rb weevwnz, hv kzkiv 44 I 28 Rb köwgk AweevwnZ, hv kzkiv 56 mviwy-3 : köwgk `i wkÿvmz hvm Zvm úwk Z mviwy köwg Ki wkÿvmz hvm Zv köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi wkÿvmz hvm Zv bb (0) 04 8 cöv_wgk wkÿv MÖnY (cö_g _ K câg köyx cvk) 26 52 gva wgk wkÿv MÖnY (lô _ K Gm.Gm.wm cvk) 20 40 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu köwgk 50 Rb hvi g a wkÿvmz hvm Zv bb 04 R bi, hv gvu köwg Ki 08% cöv_wgk wkÿv Av Q 26 R bi, hv kzkiv 52 köwgk `i g a ewkmsl K köwgk cöv_wgk wkÿv MÖnY K i Q mviwy-4 : köwgk `i cwiev ii m`m msl vi mviwy köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m msl v köwgkmsl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi 2-4 10 20 4-6 35 70 6-8 05 10 gvu 50 100 D jøwlz mviwy Z gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 35 Rb köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m (4-6) Rb, hv kzkiv 70 I 5 Rb köwg Ki cwiev ii m`m (6-8) Rb, hv kzkiv 10 9
mviwy-5 : köwgk `i Kg iz cöwzôv bi aib-m úwk Z mviwy cöwzôv bi aib KviLvbvi msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi `kxq 50 100 ißvwbgylx 0 0 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 50wU KviLvbv `kxq, hv kzkiv 100 mviwy-6 : KviLvbvq köwgk `i c`we m úwk Z mviwy cöwzôv b köwgk `i c`we köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi njcvi 2 04 KvUvi njcvi 0 0 Acv iui 46 92 KvUvig vb 2 04 wdwbwks g vb 0 0 c vwks g vb 0 0 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 50 Rb köwg Ki g a njcvi 2 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 04 Acv iui 46 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 92 Ges K vuvig vb 2 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 4 mviwy-7 : cöwzôv b köwgk `i Kv Ri mgq Kv Ri mgq köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi 10-12 35 70 12-14 15 30 14-16 0 0 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 10-12 NÈvi köwy e eav b MYmsL v 35, hvi kzkiv nvi 70 Ges 12-14 NÈvi köwy e eav b MYmsL v 15, hvi kzkiv nvi 30 10
mviwy-8 : Kv Ri Pzw³i aiy-m úwk Z mviwy Pzw³i aib MYmsL v kzkiv gvwmk 32 64 mvßvwnk 15 30 ˆ`wbK 0 0 AW vi-wfwëk ( cövwvkkb) 03 6 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq gvu 50 Rb köwg Ki g a 32 Rb köwgk gvwmkwfwëk KvR K i, hv kzkiv 64 Ges AW vi-wfwëk 3 Rb köwgk, hvi kzkiv nvi 6 mviwy-9 : cöwzôv b köwgk `i ezb köwgk `i ezb MYmsL v kzkiv 2000-3000 16 32 4000-5000 31 62 6000-7000 2 4 8000-9000 1 2 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z köwy e eavb 4000-5000-Gi kzkiv nvi 62 Ges 8000-9000 Gi kzkiv nvi 2 GQvov köwgk `i me wb œ ezb 2000 I m e v P ezb 8000 UvKv AZGe m e v P ezb 8000 me wb œ ezb (-) 2000 6000/2 = 3000/- AZGe köwg Ki Mo ezb 3000/- mviwy-10 : gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU köwg Ki msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv nvi Av Q 0 0 bvb 50 100 gvu 50 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v _ K `Lv hvq, köwgk `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi Kv bv e e v bb 11
ÿz`ªvk wzi wrý cvkvk KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq : KivbxMÄ, XvKvwfwËK GKwU M elyv KviLvbvi köwgk-m úwk Z Uey jkb mviwy-1 : KviLvbvi aib-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbvi aib KviLvbvi msl v (MYmsL v) kzkiv `kxq 10 100 ißvwbgylx 0 0 gvu 10 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 10wU KviLvbvi g a 10wU KviLvbv `kxq, hv kzkiv 100 I ißvwbgylx KviLvbv 0 hv kzkiv 0 ejv hvq AwaKvsk KviLvbv `kxq evrv ii Ici wbf ikxj mviwy-2 : KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgkmsl v KviLvbv cyiæl bvix gvu (köwgk) 1g 12 04 16 2q 10 04 14 3q 08 03 11 4_ 14 02 16 5g 14 01 15 6ô 10 03 13 7g 10 03 13 8g 06 03 09 9g 13 04 17 10g 18 07 25 gvu 115 34 149 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq köwgk `i gvu msl v 149 Rb hvi g a cyiæl köwgk 115 Rb I bvix köwgk 34 Rb AZGe, bvixköwg Ki Zzjbvq cyiælköwg Ki msl v ewk mviwy-3 : bvix I cyiælköwg Ki msl v köwgk msl v (Rb) KviLvbv (wu) Mo kzkiv bvix 34 3.4 22.82 10 cyiæl 115 11.5 77.18 gvu köwgk 149 10 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq 10wU KviLvbvq, 34 Rb bvixköwgk i q Q, hv `i Mo 3.4 Rb I kzkiv 22.82 I cyiæl 115 Rb, köwg Ki Mo 11.5 Rb, hv kzkiv 77.18 AZGe, 10wU KviLvbvq cyiælköwgk bvixköwg Ki Zzjbvq ewk 12
mviwy-4 : KviLvbvq köwg Ki aib wnmv e kzkiv köwgk `i c`we gvu msl v (Rb) KviLvbv (wu) kzkiv nvi njcvi 14 3.39 KvUvi njcvi 02 1.34 Acv iui 121 81.20 10 KvUvig vb 10 6.81 wdwbwks g vb 02 1.34 c vwks g vb 0 0 gvu 149 100 mviwy Z 149 Rb köwg Ki g a Acv iui 121 Rb, hvi kzkiv nvi 81.20 AZGe köwgk `i g a Acv iu ii msl v ewk mviwy-5 : KviLvbvi AvqZb-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv KviLvbvi ˆ`N (dzu) cö (dzu) ÿîdj (em dzu) 1g 28 20 560 2q 30 24 720 3q 36 28 1008 4_ 24 20 480 5g 40 32 1280 6ô 30 28 840 7g 30 15 450 8g 20 20 400 9g 30 24 720 10g 32 32 1024 gvu 300 243 7482 Mo 30 24.3 748.2 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvi gvu AvqZb 7482 em dyu Ges ˆ`N 300 dzu I cö 243 dzu AZGe, Mo ˆ`N 30 dzu, cö 24.3 dzu Ges Mo ÿîdj 748.2 em dzu mviwy-6 : KviLvbvi c qvwb vkb-e e vm úwk Z mviwy KviLvbvi KviLvbvi wbr ^ GKvwaK KviLvbvi Rb 13
Uq ju KviLvbv bs cyiæl (wu) gwnjv (wu) hš_ (wu) KviLvbvi msl v (wu) Uq ju msl v (wu) 1g 0 0 2 0 0 2q 0 0 1 0 0 3q 1 1 0 0 0 4_ 0 0 1 0 0 5g 0 0 1 0 0 6ô 0 0 0 6 2 7g 0 0 0 8 3 8g 0 0 1-0 9g 0 0 0 9 3 10g 0 0 1 0 0 gvu 1 1 7 23 8 kzkiv nvi 10 10 70-80 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z 10wU KviLvbvi g a KviLvbvi = qvwb vkb wbr ^ e e v Av Q, hvi kzkiv nvi 10 Ges gwnjv `i Rb Uq ju Av Q kzkiv nvi 10 Ges hš_ Uq j Ui kzkiv nvi 70 AviI gvu 23wU KviLvbvq Uq ju Av Q gvî 4wU mviwy-7 : wbivc` cvbxq R ji e e vm úwk Z mviwy wbivc` cvbxq Rj KviLvbv (MYmsL v) kzkiv Av Q 10 100 bvb 0 0 gvu 10 100 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq wbivc` cvwbi e e v i q Q, hv kzkiv 100 KviY Zviv wbivc` bjk ci cvwb cvb K i 14
mviwy-8 : KviLvbvi Av jv-evzv mi e e vm úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv fw U jui Rvbvjv `irv 1g 1 3 1 2q 0 2 1 3q 0 2 1 4_ 0 4 1 5g 2 3 1 6ô 0 3 1 7g 0 3 1 8g 0 2 1 9g 2 3 1 10g 3 3 1 gvu 8 28 10 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvq fw U jui Av Q 8wU, Rvbvjv Av Q 28wU Ges `irv Av Q 10wU mviwy-9 : KviLvbvi wbivcëvrwbz e e v wbivcëve e v KviLvbv msl v MYmsL v kzkiv Av b bfv bvi hš 0 0 10 wekí wmuwo 0 0 gvu 10 0 0 DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq, 10wU KviLvbvi Kv bvwu ZB Av b bfv bvi hš I wekí wmuwoi e e v bb mviwy-10 : köwg Ki msl v I Pzw³i aib-m úwk Z mviwy KviLvbv bs köwg Ki Kv Ri aib vqx A vqx Pzw³wfwËK 15 gvu 1g 1 5 10 16 2q 0 11 0 11 3q 1 3 10 14 4_ 3 13 0 16 5g 1 5 9 15 6ô 1 2 10 13 7g 1 11 1 13 8g 1 2 6 9 9g 1 16 0 17 10g 1 14 10 25 gvu 11 82 56 149 kzkiv 7.48 55.03 37.58 100
DwjøwLZ mviwy Z `Lv hvq 10wU KviLvbvq 149 Rb köwg Ki g a vqx 11 Rb, hv kzkiv 7.48, A vqx 82 Rb kzkiv 55.03, Pzw³wfwËK 56 Rb, kzkiv 37.58 Rb myzivs A vqx köwg Ki msl v ewk KviLvbvi gvwjk I köwgk `i _ K msmönk Z Z _ i g a e eavb: KviLvbvi köwgk I gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cökœc Îi gva g h mkj DcvË msmön Kiv nq, m mkj Dcv Ëi g a köwgk `i AwaKvi-m úwk Z cv_ K `Lv hvq, hv wb œ Av jvkcvz Kiv n jv: KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë köwgk `i gvwmk M o 3500 UvKv grywi wn m e cö`vb Kiv nq Ab w` K köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z _ i wfwë Z köwgk `i gvwmk Mo grywi 3000 UvKv Z e köwgk `i g a njcvi Kg grywi wb q KvR K i KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z _ köwgk `i cöwzw`b wbw` ó mgq wn m e 11 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq wkš köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë köwgk `i 12-16 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq KviLvbvi gvwjk `i KvQ _ K cövß Dcv Ë 20% KviLvbvi gvwjk `yn UbvRwbZ ÿwzc~iy cö`vb K i wkš köwgk `i KvQ _ K cövß Z_ gvî 16% köwgk ÿwzc~iyrwbz myweav fvm Ki Z cv i DwjøwLZ e eavbmg~n gvwjk I köwgk `i KvQ _ K msm nxz Dcv Ë cviqv hvq M elyvq cövß DcvË g~j vqb evsjv `k kög AvBb, evsjv `k msweavb I AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vq köwgk `i b vh AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb ejv n q Q, hvi gva g kögrxex gvbyl Zvi gšwjk gvbevwakvi cöwzôv Ki Z cv i evsjv ` ki D jøl hvm kögrxex gvbyl evsjv ` ki ˆZwi cvkvkwk íi mv _ cöz ÿ I c ivÿfv e m úwk Z hvi GKwU D jøl hvm Ask n jv KivbxMÄ GjvKvi wrý ˆZwi cvkvk KviLvbvi köwgkiv G mkj köwgkiv h mkj KviLvbvq wb qvwrz i q Q, m mkj KviLvbv I köwgk `i Ae v I Ae vi Dbœq b KiYxq wk ivbv g M elyvi Rb msmönk Z DcvË K evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006, evsjv `k msweavb I AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vi wewfbœ avivi Av jv K wb œ Av jvpbv Kiv n jv : evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 evsjv `k kög AvB b cvkvkwkí KviLvbvq wb qvwrz köwgk `i AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb wewfbœ avivq ejv n q Q, hv wewfbœ w`k _ K wb œ Av jvpbv Kiv n jv evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi Aa vq-2, aviv-3 G cö Z K cöwzôv bi köwgkm Yi wb qvm I ZrmsµvšÍ Avbylw½K Ab vb welqvw` K_v, aviv-5 G 16
wb qvmcî I cwipqcî, aviv-20 G QuvUvB-Gi K_v ejv _vk ji KivbxMÄwfwËK G mkj KviLvbvi GiKg Kv bv ai bi wbqg gvbv nq bv evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi aviv-34 G ejv n q Q Kv bv cvkvk ev cöwzôv b Kv bv wkï K wb qvm Kiv hv e bv ev KvR Ki Z `Iqv hv e bv cÿvší i KivbxMÄ wfwëk KviLvbvi Ici M elyvq köwgk `i h eq m köwy Kiv n q Q mlv b (10-20) eqi eq mi köwgk `i msl v 38% hv Z evsv hvq kög AvB bi K_v m mkj cöwzôv b gvbv nqwb evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 Gi aviv-108 G Kv bv cövßeq köwgk Kv bv cöwzôv b mßv n 48 NÈvi ewk KvR Ki Z cvi eb bv Z e kz _v K h, Kv bv mßv n D³iƒc Kv bv köwg Ki gvu Kg mgq lvu NÈvi AwaK n e bv Ges Kv bv erm i Dnv M o cöwz mßv n Qvàvbœ NÈvi AwaK n e bv wkš GB M elyvq `Lv hvq köwgk `i K ˆ`wbK M o 10-12 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq, hv mßv n 70 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq, hv kög AvBb cwicš x evsjv `k kög AvBb- 2006 Gi 94 bs avivq wkï-wk kvi ejv Av Q Pwjøk ev Z ZvwaK gwnjv köwgk wb qvwrz Av Qb Giƒc cö Z K cöwzôv b Zv `i Qq erm ii Kg eqmx wkïmšívb `i e env ii Rb GK ev GKvwaK Dchy³ K ÿi e e v I iÿyv eÿy Ki Z n e cÿvší i G M elyvq hw`i KviLvbvi 40 Gi ewk gwnjv köwgk bvb, Z_vwcI GLvbKvi KviLvbv jv 30 _ K 40wU KviLvbv Gmv _ Aew Z hlv b A bk gwnjv köwgk wb qvwrz i q Q ZvB ejv hvq mkj ÿz`ª ÿz`ª KviLvbvi gvwjk `i wg j wkï Kÿ e e v Kiv hšw³k evsjv `k kög AvBb-2006 G köwgk `i kög AwaKvi cöwzôvq GKwU wjwlz `wjj, wkš G M elyvq `Lv hvq h 42% köwg Ki kög AvBb m ú K Kv bv aviyv bb evsj `k msweavb: evsjv `k msweav b kögrxex gvby li AwaKvi cöwzôvi Rb 14 bs avivq köwgk kvly n Z gyw³i K_v ejv Av Q GQvov 34 bs Aby Q` Rei`w Í kög wbwl Ki Yi K_v ejv Av Q I 40 bs avivq ckv I e wëi ^vaxbzvi K_v ejv i q Q wkš G mkj Kv bv welq KivbxMÄ GjvKvi ÿz`ª ÿz`ª wrý KviLvbvq köwgk `i fvm Dbœq b cö qvm n Q bv AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v (ILO): evsjv ` k AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v (ILO) Gi 87, 98 I 187 bs Kb fbk b kög AwaKvi cöwzôvi K_v ejv n q Q wkš KivbxMÄwfwËK G mkj KviLvbvq ILO Kb fbkb Kv bv cöfve dj Z cv iwb 17
emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq * ÑiZœv emg f~wgkv gvz Z jvf bvixi ^vfvwek Rxebhvc bib GKwU Ask Ges AwZ iæz c~y mvgvwrk `vwqz I e U GKRb bvixi Rxe b gv niqvi P q MŠei, AvZ Z wß eva nq Avi wkqy ZB bb GwU gnvb Avjøvn cv Ki `Iqv GK Amxg Avkxe v` Ges m vb ez gv b bvixiv ïay M nea~ bb AvR Zviv M ni evb ii wewfbœ ai bi Drcv`bgyLx I m Rbkxj Kv R m ú ³ n Qb hw`i Zv gvu (49.5 wgwjqb) kªgkw³i Zzjbvq mvgvb cwigvy (12.1 wgwjqb), wkš m e vcwi Zv ` ki mvwe K Dbœq b GKwU iæz c~y f~wgkv cvjb Ki Q Z_vwc bvixi Kg ÿî AvRI Kzmygv ÍxY bq Zv K KvR Ki Z nq bvbv ai bi cöwzk~jzvi gv S mnkg x `i Amn hvwmzv, Awdm KZ c ÿi AvPiY, iv ÍvNvU, me ÿ Î bvix GKwU weij Ae vq wu K _ K hy K i Zvi Ici me bvixib GKwU Ab Zg `ywðšív n jv gvz Z Kvjxb QywU wb q Kbbv gvz Z Ggb GKwU bvryk mgq h, GB mg q GKUz Awbqg gv I wkï Df qib g Zz W K Avb Z cv i ZvB gv K Ab vb mg qi Zzjbvq GKwU evowz my hvm-myweav w` Z ejv nq hw`i gv q `i Avgiv ewj hzuv m e m PZb _vk Z, wkš Mf Kvjxb wkqy Dc ` ki g a ga vnèkvjxb 1-2 NÈv wekªvg Mf ezx cö Z KwU gv q `i Aek B g b Pjv DwPZ hv PvKwiiZ gv q `i A bk mgq g b Pjv m e nq bv d j A b KB PvKwi Qvo Z eva nb hv Avgv `i cwievi I mgvr Rxeb Df qi Rb B Pig ÿwzi ZvB ` ki kªgkw³ bvixi Ae`vb Ges bvixi wekvk e w, `ÿ Rbej a i ivlv, my fwelr cörb Ges m e vcwi mgzv I b vqwepv ii ^v _ bvixi Rb gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðz Kiv GKwU AMÖvwaKvi cövß KvR GKwU mȳ gvbervwz MV b bvix K Rxe bi GB we kl Ges iæz c~y mg q mnvqzv `Iqv h Kv bv iv óªi `vwqz Kbbv GKRb mȳ gv gv b GKRb mȳ mšívb, GKRb mȳ mšívb gv b GKwU my RvwZ Avi GKwU mȳ RvwZ gv b GKwU mȳ fwel r G ÿ Î mg qi cö qvr b gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvšÍR vwzk I RvZxqfv e bvbvwea D ` vm MÖnY K i Q Zvi g a Ab Zg n jv AvBGjI KZ K mb` MÖnY me Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv-1948, A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk AwaKviwelqK AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³, bvixi cöwz mkj cökvi ˆelg we jvc mb` (wmwwi) * GB M elyvwu cwipvjbvi mgq mikvwi PvKwiRxex `i gvz Z Kvjxb QywU Pvi gvm wqj, ciez x Z 6 gvm Kiv nq 18
Avi evsjv ` k gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi wewaweavb wn m e mikvix PvKwi wewa, evsjv `k kªg AvBb-2006, I wewfbœ cöwzôv b wbr ^ PvKwi wewa i q Q GQvov ez gvb mikvi Lye m cöwz gvz Z Kvjxb QywU 4 gvm _ K 6 gvm Kivi NvlYv w` q Q GUv Aek B GKUv AZ ší Avb `i e vcvi wkš ewki fvm bvix hviv kªg AvB bi AvIZvq _vkv m Ë I gvwj Ki AbvMÖn Ae njvi Kvi Y gvz Z Kvjxb QywU _ K ewâz n Qb GgbB GKwU LvZ n jv evsjv ` ki emikvix nvmcvzvj GB nvmcvzvjmg~ ni g a wbw` ó K qkwu nvmcvzv j mikvwi wbqgbxwz Abyhvqx gvz Z Kvjxb QywU w` Z `Lv M Q Kv bv nvmcvzv j gvz Z Kvjxb QywU ezbmn 45 w`b ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezbmn 2 gvm (kgwizv nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezb Qvov GK gvm (Kg dvu nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j ezbmn 4 gvm, (ccyjvi úkvjvbrw nvmcvzvj), Kv bv nvmcvzv j 4 gvm ezbmn (Be b wmbv nvmcvzvj) w` Z `Lv M Q GQvov nvmcvzvj jv Z Mf ve vq evowz my hvm-myweavi h _ó Afve i q Q D P kªwy (1g I 2q kªwy Kg Pvix) jv Z Kg iz gwnjviv nqz GKUz my hvm-mweav c ji c Z cv ib, wkš hviv 3q I 4_ kªwy Z Kg iz i q Qb, Zv `i Ae v Avk¼vRbKfv e kvpbxq Zviv cöwzôvb _ K hgb Kv bv evowz my hvm-myweav cv Qb bv Zgwb Kg ez bi Kvi Y wb Ri cö qvrb _vkv m Ë I m mkj mev µq Ki Z cvi Qb bv Zey Zviv wbiæcvq n q kz cöwzk~jzvi gv SI g Zz SyuwK wb q KvR K i hv Qb Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gi dj wn m e gv I wkïg Zz w`b w`b e w cv Q wkš gvz Z RwbZ myiÿv cviqvi AwaKvi bvixi hgb gšwjk gvbevwakvi, Zgwb GUv mgvr Ges iv óªi GKUv Aek cöwzcvjb hvm `vwqz hvi jsnb ïay bvix KB ÿwzmö Í K i bv cÿvší i Kg iz cöwzôvb mgvr I ivóª KI ÿwzmö Í K i ZvB ejv hvq h, emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i wb q we Íi M elyvi cö qrb i q Q Kbbv mgv Ri GKwU As ki bvixiv ewâz n j Zv cy iv mgvr K cöfvwez K i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv aviyv Ges gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvBbmg~n gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi aviyv gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv g~jz Ggb wkqy Kg m~vp, e e v I my hvm-myweavi mgwó hv bvix `i K Zv `i Mf aviy I mšívb Rb `vb I jvjb-cvjbmsµvší f~wgkv cvj bi mv _ mswkøó cö qvrbmg~n we epbvq i L cö`vb Kiv nq GK K_vq e j `Iqv hvq evsjv ` k Kv bv bvix kªwgk-kg PvixB c~y v½ gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv fvm K i bv Zv wzwb mikvwi ev emikvwi h m± ib KvR Kiæb bv Kb Kbbv c~y v½ gvz Z Kvjxb 19
myweav ej Z AvšÍRvw ZK kªgms v AvBGjI, bvixi Rb RvwZms Ni Ab Zg iæz c~y `wjj wm Wv (CEDAW) mn Ab vb AvšÍR vwzk gvb Abyhvqx hv evsvq Zv n jv : Mf ezx Ae vq PvKwiPz wz Ges wbh vzb _ K myiÿv cviqv PvKwi nviv bvi fq QvovB gvz Z Kvjxb QywU fvu Ki Z cviv gvz Z Kvjxb QywU KvUv bvi mgq ezb ev grywi mywbwðz _vkv Kv R hvm`v bi c ii GKwUv wbw` ó mgq ch ší ev Pv K ey Ki `ya LvIqv Z cviv ev Pv niqvi Av M I c i cö qvrbxq wpwkrmvmyweav cviqv Ges Qq eq ii Kgeqmx ev Pvi Rb Kg ÿ Î h Kqvi m Uv ii myweav cviqv BZ vw` evsvq gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv AvBb (AvšÍR vwzk I Af šíixy AvBGjI mb`) AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms v-avbgji Kb fbkb G ch ší gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðzki Y wzbwu mb` MÖnY Ki Q G jv n jv : gvz Z myiÿv mb` 1919 (mb` bs-03) gvz Z myiÿv mb` (ms kvwaz) 1952 (mb` bs-103) gvz Z myiÿv mb` 2000 (mb` bs-183) [evsjv `k GKwU mb`i ^vÿi K iwb] GQvov AvBGjI Kb fbkb-156 Gi AvIZvq mšívb R b i mgq ev c i cyiæl Kg Pvixi wcz Z QywUi Av e`b Ki Z cvi eb A ªwjqv, Aw ªqv, KvbvWv, BmivBj, Rvcvb, b`vij vû, wbdwrj vû cöf wz ` k wcz Z QywUi weavb i q Q me Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv-1948 cö Z KiB wb Ri I wbr cwiev ii ^v I Kj v Yi wbwgë ch vß Rxebgv bi AwaKvi i q Q Lv`, e, evm vb, wpwkrmv I cö qvrbxq mvgvwrk mevg~jk Kvh vw`i my hvm Ges ekviz, cxov, AÿgZv, ˆeae A_ev Awbevh Kvi Y Rxebhvc bi AcviMZvi Kvi Y wbivcëv jvf GB AwaKv ii AšÍfy ³ (Aby Q`-25(1)) gvz Z I ˆkke Ae vq cö Z K we kl hzœ I mnvqzv jv fi AwaKvix ˆeevwnK eü bi d j A_ev ˆeevwnK eü bi evb i hfv eb f~wgô nvk bv Kb, mkj wkïb Awfbœ mvgvwrk wbivcëv fvm Ki e (Ab Q`-25-(2)) 20
A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk AwaKvi-welqK AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³-1996 wkïi R b i c~ e I c i GKUv hyw³msmz mg qi Rb gv q `i K we kl myiÿv cö`vb Ki Z n e G mgq Kg Rxex gv q `i K ezbmn QywU A_ev ch vß mvgvwrk wbivcëv-myweavmn QywU cö`vb Ki Z n e (Aby Q`-10(2)) bvixi cöwz mkj cökvi ˆelg we jvc mb` (wmwi) 1979 weevn A_ev gvz Z i Kvi Y bvixi cöwz ˆelg `~ixkiy Ges Zv `i djcªm~ KvR Kivi wbðqzv weavb Kivi Rb cÿfy³ ivóªmg~n h_vh_ e e v MÖnY Ki e K) Mf aviy A_ev gvz Z RwbZ QywU Ges ˆeevwnK Kvi Y bvix K PvKwi _ K eilv Íi ÿ Î ˆelg wbwl Ki Z n e L) c~ e i PvKwi, R ôzv A_ev mvgvwrk fvzvw` nviv bv e wz i K ezb A_ev mvgvwrk myweavmn gvz Z Kvjxb QywU cöez b Ki Z n e (Aby Q`-11 (2) GQvov Meternity Benefit Act-1961 Ges Employes state Insurance Act- 1948 Gi AvIZvq Kg x K ezbmn QywU, wpwkrmv I Avw_ K myweav cö`vb Kiv nq kªxjskvq m ez b gvz Z Kvjxb QywU QvovI mšív bi 6 gvm niqv ch ší Kv Ri duv K Nursing Break `Iqv nq evsjv ` k gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi AvBb mikvwi PvKwi wewa evsjv `k kªg AvBb-2006 wewfbœ cöwzôv bi wbr ^ PvKwiwewa mikvwi PvKwiwewa Pvi gv mi gvz Z Kvjxb QywU PvKwiRxe b `ybevi ezbmn QywU gvz Z Kvjxb QywU ÕQywU wnmveõ n e, we qvm n e bv evsjv `k kªg AvBb 2006 I gvz Z Kvjxb myweav m ez b 16 mßvn QywU (mšívb cöm ei Av M 8 mßvn I c i 8 mßvn) (aviv- 46) cöm~wzkj vy fvzv m ú~y bm ` cö`vb (aviv-48) Kg Pz Z bv niqv (aviv-50) Mf ve vq fvix wkqy enb I `uvwo q KvR bv Kiv (aviv-45(3)) AbwaK 6 eq ii wkïi Rb W- Kqvi (aviv-94) 21
myweav fv Mi kz GKB gvwj Ki Aax b 6 gv mi Awew Qbœ KvR W- Kqvi m Uv ii Rb KviLvbvi 40 ev 40-Gi AwaK bvixkªwgk Kg iz _vk Z n e AvBb h welq AšÍfy ³ K iwb Mf Kvjxb wpwkrmv myweav Mf Kvjxb RwUjZv Kg j gvz Z RwbZ Kvi Y D ~Z ˆelg ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi Rb weiwz M elyvi hšw³kzv Kg j bvixi kz mgm vi g a GKwU Ab Zg mgm v n Q gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvrwbz mgm v GB mgm vi Kvi Y gv q `i wewfbœikg SyuwKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n Z nq hgb mg qi Av M cöme, Acywó I i³k~b Zv, Kg IR bi wkï Rb, Mf cvz, wekjv½ wkï, cömec~e wkïg Zz mœvqywek A ^vfvwekzv BZ vw` d j `Lv hv Q h, cöwz eqi Avgv `i ` k Mf RwbZ Kvi Y 12,000 _ K 15,00 (wbcmg wi cvu ) bvix g Zz eiy K ib Ges A b K GB Kvi Y PvKzwi Qvo Z eva nb GwU Avgv `i cwievi I mgvr Dfqi Rb B ÿwz ZvB cöwzwu Kg ÿ Î bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wbwðz Kivi cö qvrb i q Q Avi GB cö qvrbxqzvi Dcjwä ^iƒc B Zvc~ e emikvwi ÿ Î bvix `i wb q wewfbœ ai bi M elyv n q Q hgb- PvZvj kªwgk, Mv g Um kªwgk, M n-kªwgk Ges wbg vy kªwgk `i wb q wewfbœ mg q M elyv n q Q GgbB emikvix ^v mev Lv Z Kg iz kªwgk `i wb qi M elyv n q Q wkš emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wb q B Zvc~ e Kvb M elyv nqwb ZvB mlv b Kg Rxex bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb Ae &v wkiƒc, GmsµvšÍ AvBb cö qv Mi weivrgvb Ae v Ges mswkó AvB bi `ye j w`k jv we køly Kiv gvz Z Kvjxb AvB bi cö qv Mi ÿ Î Kvi Kx f~wgkv niqv DwPZ Zvi cybiv jvpbv cö qvrb Kg ÿ Î bvixi gvz Z Kvjxb AwaKvi K wbwðz Kivi j ÿ Gi my hvm, Dcvq I c wz wb q wbixÿv Kivi cö qvrb Ab ^xkvh M elyvi D Ïk mvaviy D Ïk emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v m ú K AeMZ niqv Ges ez gvb Ae v _ K DËi Yi Dcvq ei Kiv g~jz Avgv `i cöavb D Ïk 22
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ch eÿy K i Z_ msmön Kiv n q Q Z e NUbv Abya vb mnvqzvi Rb GKwU mvÿvrkvi Abym~wP ˆZwi Kiv n q Q M elyv ` ji m`m iv cö qvrbxq Z_ msmön K i Qb Av M _ K M elyvi D Ïk Abyhvqx GKwU Abym~wP ˆZwi Kiv n qwqj Ges h Abyhvqx Kvh m úv`b Kiv n q Q DcvË msmönkvix : PviRb K i GKwU gvv Rwic wug MVb Kiv nq GB wu gi Rb GKRb mycvifvbrvi wb qvm Kiv n q Q mycvifvbrvi gvv RwicKvix `i Z`viwK I cökœc Îi fyj ms kvab K i Qb Rwic Kv R gvu 10 w`b mgq j M Q cökœcî c~iy I cöavb DËi`vZv `i mvÿvrkvi GB `ywu welq Zv `i K Ki Z n e DcvË msmön : msl vmz Dcv Ëi Rb cö_ g Lmov cökœgvjv ˆZwi K i ciez x Z Zv gvv cixÿy Kiv nq Ges fyjåv ší wvk K i ciez x Z P~ovšÍ cökœgvjv M elyvi D Ï k i Dci wfwë K i Close ended Ges Open ened Dfq ai Yi cökœgvjv ˆZwi Kiv nq Dciš cökgvjv ˆZwi Z wewfbœ Rwic, wi cvu eb, mvgwqkx I wej&m-gi Kg KZ v `i mnvqzv biqv n q Q cökœgvjv c~e cixÿy : me gvu 23wU cökœ Kiv nq Gi g a ek wkqy cö kœi mve MÖæc wqj Ges wej&m Gi EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v `i gzvg Zi Ici wfwë K i cökœgvjv P~ovšÍ Kiv nq DcvË cöwµqvrvzkiy : wkqy Db y³ cökœ K wbe vpb Kiv nq Ges g vbyqvj c wz e envi K i DcvË jv cöwµqvrvz Kiv nq DcvË we køly I e vlv : cökœgvjvi DcvË cöwµqvi ci Ueyjvi AvKv i biqv nq Ges cö qvrbxq Uwej ˆZwi Kiv nq iæz c~y DËi`vZvi mvÿvrkvi : Kv bv GKwU wbw` ó wel q AwaKZi Rv bb wksev AwaKZi AwfÁZv i q Q, GiKg DËi`vZv `i we kl mvÿvrkvi MÖnY Kiv nq G ÿ Î DËi`vZvi H wbw` ó welq Kw `ªK AwfÁZv Ges gzvgz jv Zz j aiv nq cöavbz nvmcvzv ji EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v `i mvÿvrkvi biqv n q Q M elyvi mxgve Zv mvaviyz h Kv bv M elyvi GKwU iæz c~y welq n Q Z_ msmö ni Dcvq ev KŠkj g~jz Z_ msmö ni KŠk ji IciB wbf i K i Z _ i mwvkzv I wbf i hvm Zv Z_ msmö ni Dr mi cöwÿ Z Z_ msmö ni Rb wewfbœ ikg KŠkj e envi Kiv nq GLv b D jøl h Ô emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv ez gvb Ae v I KiYxqÕ kxl K M elyvq Z_ msmö ni Rb mvÿvrkvi c wz AbymiY Kiv nq GB c wz Z A bk myweav hgb DËi`vZvi AwaK nv i DËi jvf, A gšwlk AvPiY, cöz ÿy, cwi ek, 24
MwZwbqš Y cö kœi avivevwnkzv iÿy ^Ztù~Z Zv mvÿvr`vzvi wb RB DËi`vb e vck cö qvm hvm Zv BZ vw` _vk j Z_ msmö ni mgq Ab vb c wzi g Zv GB c wz ZI ekwkqy mxgve Zv cwijwÿz nq hgb- M elyv GjvKvwU XvKv kn i niqvq iv ÍvNv U AwZwi³ hvbr Ui Kvi Y M elk `i wba vwiz nvmcvzv j cšqv Z cö Z K Z_ msmönkvix K wewfbœ ai bi nqivwbi ^xkvi n Z nq cökvmwbk I mvsmvwbk wewfbœ ZrciZv Ges gvv ch v q DËi`vZv `i Luy R ei K i cö qvrbxq Z_ msmö ni ÿ Î `xn mgq e q Ki Z nq GB M elyvi c wz mvÿvrkvi c wz niqvq DËi`Zviv mswkøó e w³ `i mv _ Av jvpbv K i DËi cö`v bi my hvm cvb bv ZvB A bk mgq Amg SvZvc~Y DËi cö`vb Ki Z `Lv hvq DËi`vZv K Zvi ˆ`bw `b Kv Ri mg q cö qvrbxq Z_ cö`vb Ki Z nq e j G ÿ Î A bk RwUjZvi m ylxb n Z nq DËi`vZv A bk mgq wb Ri bvg I cwipq Ges ms e`bkxj cö kœi DËi Mvcb Ki Z B QyK _v Kb wkš mvÿvrkv i DËi`vZv Zgb Kv bv my hvm cvb bv d j Zvi KvQ _ K A bk Z_ mwvkfv e ei K i Avbv KwVb n q c o A vqx Kg Pvix gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv cviqvi Rb Aek B cö Z KwU Kg x K D³ cöwzôv b Kgc ÿ 6 gvm vqxfv e KvR Ki Z n e wkš `Lv M Q h cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvix K Kv bv fv eb A vqx niqvi Kvi Y bgybv Luy R c Z ek nqivwbi wkkvi n Z nq nvmcvzv j Kg iz bvix Kg Pvixi 50% Gi wkÿvmz hvm Zv 0-5 kªwy ch ší (mviwy-2) niqvi Kvi Y A b KB bv ey S, f q mwvk DËi Mvcb K ib M elyvwu hv Z Z_ eûj nq mrb ek K qkwu nvmcvzvj wbe vpb Kiv n ji K qkwu nvmcvzv j (j vegbw, Be b wmbv I evsjv `k gwwk vj nvmvcvzvj) Kg iz KZ ve w³ `i Amn hvwmzvi Kvi Y mvÿvrkvice Ae vnz ivlv m e nqwb M elyvwu Z 40 R bi bgybv biqv nq wkš M elyv GjvKvi K qkwu nvmvcvzvj Kg KZ v `i Amn hvwmzvi Kvi Y 40 Rb bgybv Lyu R ei Ki Z fxly nqivwbi wkkvi n Z nq 3q I 4_ kªwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi ez gvb Ae v I KiYxq : cöv_wgk Dcv Ëi we køly 25
DËi`vZv `i e w³mz Z_ mviwy -1 : emikvwi nvmcvz j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_Z kªwyi Kg Pvixi eqm Kg xi eqm (ermi) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 20-24 5 12.50 25-29 16 40.00 30-34 11 27.50 35- Gi D a&a 8 20.00 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-2 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi wkÿvmz hvm Zv Kg xi wkÿvmz hvm Zv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 0-5g kªwy 20 50.00 6ô-10g kªwy 11 27.50 GmGmwm 7 17.50 GBPGmwm 2 05.00 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-3 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi cwiev ii m`m msl v cwiev ii m`m msl v (Rb) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 1-3 17 42.50 4-6 21 52.5 7-9 2 5 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 26
mviwy-4 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi mšívb msl v Kg x `i cwiev ii mšívbmsl v (Rb) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 1 17 42.50 2 12 30.00 3 6 15.00 4-Gi E aÿ 5 12.50 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz DËi`vZv `i Kg I K g hvm`vb-m úwk Z Z_ : mviwy-5: emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi c`we Kg xi c`we Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Avqv 31 77.50 wk bvi 3 7.50 bvm 6 15.00 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-6 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªyxi Kg Pvwii PvKwii eqmt Kg xi PvKwii eqm (eqi) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 0-5 14 35.00 6-10 18 45.00 11-15 7 17.50 16-20 1 2.50 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-7 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi Kv Ri aib Kg x `i Kv Ri aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Jlya mievin 2 5.00 ivmxi mev 14 35.00 Iqv W i KvR 2 5.00 avqv- gvqv 17 42.50 me ai bi KvR 5 12.50 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 27
Kv Ri aib mviwy-8 : emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvixi wb qvmc Îi gva g wb qvm`vb wb qvm c Îi gva g wb qvm`vb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 36 90.00 bv 4 10.00 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wb qvmc Îi gva g wb qvm`vb : K g wb qvm`v bi mgq cö Z K Kg xi wb qvmcî cviqvi AwaKvi i q Q nvmcvzvj jv ZI Gi cöwzdjb jÿ Kiv hvq mvÿvrkvic e AskMÖnYKvix kzkiv 90 Rb K g hvm`v bi mgq wb qvmcî c q Q e j Rvbv hvq evwk 10% bv cviqvi cq b eo GKwU KviY n q Q Kg x `i A vqxz Zv gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv-m úwk Z Z_ mviwy-9 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvix `i K g hvm`v bi ci mšívb MÖn Yi msl v K g hvm`vb Kivi ci mšívb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi msl v 1 31 77.5 2 7 17.5 3 2 5 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm: M elyv cªvß Z_ n Z cöyxz K g hvm`vb Kivi ci mšívbmsl v mviwy-10 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ kªwyi Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU (gvm) Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi 1-2 22 55 3-4 18 45 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 28
gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU M elyv GjvKvq we` gvb emikvix nvmcvzvj jv Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU Kg nvk Avi ewk nvk `Iqv nq mviwy-9 we køly Ki j `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg Pvixi g a 55% (22 Rb) Kg x gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c q Qb cövq 1-2 gvm Avi evwk 45% (18 Rb) Kg x c q Qb cövq 3-4 gvm A_ vr Zviv M o 2.4 gvm K i QzwU c q Qb Z e D jøl GB h M elyv GjvKv Z Ggb GKwU emikvwi nvmcvzvj cviqv hvq hlv b gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi Kv bv weavb bb KD Lye Amyweavq co j Zv K gvî GK gv mi ezb Qvov QzwU `Iqv nq Key Person Av qkv LvZzb, guªb Kg dvu nvmcvzvj (XvKv) M elyv GjvKv Z Aew Z 1 wu emikvwi nvmcvzvj Kg dvu nvmcvzv ji guªb, gv: Av qkv LvZzb-Gi m ½ K_v e j Rvbv hvq h, Kg dvu nvmcvzv j gvz Z Kvjxb Kvb QzwU `Iqv nq bv Z e KD Lye Amyweavq co j Zv K ezb Qvov GKgvm QzwU `Iqv nq mviwy-11 emikvix nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn wk bv ezb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi bv 3 7.5 c~y ezbmn 32 80.0 AvswkK 5 12.5 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn wk bv m-m úwk Z Z_ mvÿvrkvic e AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hviv gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c qwq jb Zv `i g a 32 fvm (80%) Kg xb c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb 5 Rb (12.5%) Kg x c q Qb AvswkK ezbmn QzwU Ges 3 Rb K cviqv hvq Kv bv ezb cvbwb Z e h 32 Rb Kg x e j Qb h Zviv c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb, Zviv mwz B wk c~y ezbmn QzwU c q Qb, Zviv mwz B wk c~y ezbmn QzwU c qwq jb? bv wg_ vi AvkÖq wb jb, GUv hvpvb hvm welq 29
ezbmn QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav mviwy-12 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg Pvix `i QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav ezb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 17 42.50 bv 23 57.50 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz M elyv GjvKvi cöwzwu nvmcvzvj jÿ Ki j `Lv hvq h nvmcvzvj jv Z gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU ezbmn Qvov GB mg q Ab vb fvzv ev Kj vy dvû _ K Kvb mvnv h i e e v bb Z e Kg iz nvmcvzvj _ K mev wb j Zv `i wwmkvd U `Iqv nq M elyv GjvKv Z GKwU nvmcvzvj ( m Uªvj nvmvcvzvj) cviqv hvq hlv b Kg xiv Lye mgm vq co j Zv K jvb-myweav `Iqv nq mviwy-11 _ K `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg x Lye mgm vq co j Zv K jvb-myweav `Iqv nq mviwy-11 _ K `Lv hvq h, 40 Rb Kg xi g a 17 Rb ( 42.50%) Ab vb myweav c q Qb Ges evkx 23 Rb (57.50%) Ab vb myweav c q Qb Ges evwk 23 Rb (57.50%) Kv bv myweav cvbwb Key Person W. Gg. G jwzd mnkvix cwipvjk m Uªvj nvmcvzvj wjwg UW wzwb e jb h, GB nvmcvzv j ezbmn gvî 45 w`b QzwU `Iqv nq Z e KD Gi _ K ewk QzwU wb Z PvB j ezb Qvov QzwU KvUv Z nq GLv b 50% wwmkvd U `Iqv nq, Z e mk ji Rb GwU bq e w³we k l GB wwmkvd U `Iqv nq Ab vb my hvm-myweavi aib mviwy-13 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg Pvix `i QzwU Qvov Ab vb my hvm-myweav myweavi aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi wd«gww Kj mvw f m 25 62.50 10%-75% 15 37.50 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 30
DËi`vZv `i `Iqv Z_ g Z Rvbv hvq, nvmcvzvj jv Z Ab vb myweav ej Z wd«gww Kj mvwf m Ges wwmkvd U myweav K evsvq Z e mk jb m ú~y wd«gww Kj mvwf m cvb bv GwU e w³we k li Ici wbf i K i mviwy-14 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i SzuwKc~Y KvR ÿwzki KvR Ki Z n q Q wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 9 22.5 bv 31 77.5 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz Mf Kvjxb mg q SuywKc~Y KvR M elyv GjvKvi nvmcvzvj jvi K qkwu Z ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj, Kg dvu nvmcvzvj BZ vw`) 4 gvm ezbmn QzwU w` Z bv `Lv M ji Kg x `i w` q SuywKc~Y KvR Kiv bv nq, GgbwU KgB wqj Z e A b K AmveavbZvi Kvi Y SzuwKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n q Qb mviwy-13 _ K `Lv hvq h, 31 Rb (77.5%) Kg x KB Kv bv SzuwKc~Y KvR Ki Z nqwb mviwy-15 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i SzuwKc~Y Kv Ri aib SzuwKc~Y Kv Ri aib Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi ivmx IVv bv / bvgv bv 3 33.3 AvB wm wf 1 11.1 Ab vb 5 55.6 gvu 9 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz Mf Kvjxj mg q SuywKc~Y Kv Ri aiy DËi`vZv `i g a h 9 Rb (mviwy-13) SuywKc~Y Ae vi m ylxb n qwq jb Zv `i g a 3 Rb (33.3) Kg x ivmx IVv bv-bvgv bvi KvR, 1 Rb (11.1) Kg x AvBwmBD Z Ges 5 Rb (55.5) Kg x Ab vb Kv R wb qvwrz wq jb DËi`vZviv KDB gvz Z KvjxY QzwUi ci Kv R hvm`vb K i ev Pv K mv _ ivl Z cviz wk bv, m msµvší Z_ : gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi ci Kv R hvm`vb K i Kv bv Kg x ev Pv K mv _ ivl Z cv ibwb DËi`vZvi wkï `i w`evhzœ K `ª ivlvi e e v Av Q wk bv m msµvší Z_ : Kv bv cöwzôv b w`evhzœ K `ª bv _vkvq Zviv wkï `i evmvq i L Avm Zb 31
gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Kg xi AeMwZ mviwy-16 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Kg xi AeMwZ QzwU m ú K Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 24 60 bv 16 40 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz mviwy-17 emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi Kg x `i gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Rvbvi gva g gva g MYmsL v kzkiv nvi Awdm KZ K 8 33.33 MYgva g 3 12.50 Ab vb 11 45.83 mwgwz 2 8.33 gvu 24 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wkfv e Rv bb DËi`vZv 60% Kg x (mviwy-15) gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K Rv bb e j Rvbvb Zv `i g a 33.33% (8 Rb) Awdm _ K Rvb Z cv ib, 12.5% (3 Rb) MYgva g _ K, 45.83% (11 Rb) Ab vb gva g Ges 8.33% (2 Rb) wewfbœ mwgwz _ K GB mgqgxgv m ú K Rvb Z cv ib DËi`vZvi g Z, Kv bv mnkg x gvz Z Kvjxb myweav _ K ewâz n q Q wk bv m m úwk Z Z_ : Zv `i Rvbv g Z, Kv bv mnkg x gvz Z Kvjxb myweav _ K ewâz nqwb wkš hlb Kv bv cöwzôv b gvz Z Kvjxb myweavi e e v wqj bv ZLb KD myweav cvqwb Z e hlb _ K myweav `Iqv nq, ZLb _ K KD ewâz nbwb Zviv QzwU c q Qb c~y nvk Avi AvswkK 32
emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvq KiYxq m ú K DËi`vZv `i gzvgz mviwy-18 e e v Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi QzwU evov j fv jv n Zv 13 32.50 Ab vb fvzv 6 15 ezb ewk n j fv jv n Zv 9 22.5 ev Pv `i ivlvi e e v n j fv jv n Zv 20 50 wkqzb e jwb 8 20 wd«wpwkrmvi e e v (m ú~y ) 5 12.5 8 NÈv KvR Ki Z n e 2 5 QzwU ezbmn n j fv jv n Zv 2 5 Ab vb myweav 5 12.5 bvbu wwdwu bv _vk j fv jv n Zv 5 12.5 gvu 75 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz emikvwi nvmcvzv j wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i AwaKvi &I Kj v Y wb qvwrz I cöwzôvb m ú K AeMwZ mviwy- 19 Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 6 15 bv 34 85 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Yi Rb h mkj cöwzôvb i q Q m m ú K Rv bb wkbv m m úwk Z Z_ mviwy- 20 bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Y wb qvwrz cöwzôvb m ú K Rvbvi gva g AeMwZ Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi Rvwb bv 1 16.66 g b bvb 4 66.66 Ab vb fv e 1 16.66 gvu 6 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz 33
DËi`vZv `i g a h 6 Rb (15%) Kg x e jwq jb h, Zviv bvix `i AwaKvi I Kj v Y wb qvwrz cöwzôvb jv m ú K Rv bb, Zviv ai Z M j wkqzb Rv bb bv (mviwy) mviwy-21 DËi`vZviv cöwzeqi h bvix w`em cvwjz nq, m m ú K Rv b wk bv, m m úwk Z Z_ Rv bb wk bv Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi nü v 15 37.5 bv 25 62.5 gvu 40 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz `Lv M Q mvÿvrkv i AskMÖnYKvix `i g a kzkiv 62.5% Rb Kg x Ôbvix w`emõ m ú K wkqz Rv bb bv Avi evwk 37.5% Kg x hv Rv bb Zv cök Z A _ Lye mvgvb mviwy-22 Kx Rv bb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi bvix `i AwaKvi wb q K_v e j 7 46.6 Rv b bv 8 53.33 gvu 15 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz wkfv e R b Qb mviwy-23 DËi`vZv Kg xiv wkfv e R b Qb wkfv e Rv bb Kg xi msl v kzkiv nvi wb RB R bwq 1 6.66 ms v 1 6.66 A b i KvQ _ K 1 6.66 Kv bv gšíe bb 11 73.33 gvu 15 Rb 100.00 Drm : M elyvq cövß Z_ n Z cöyxz M elyvi mswÿß djvdj I mycvwikgvjv djvdj: evsjv ` k gvu emikvwi nvmcvzvj 1005wU (Wikipediaproject.the freeencyclopedia, 2006) Gi g a Avgv `i wba vwiz M elyv GjvKvq Aew Z 34
emikvwi nvmcvzvj jv _ K cövß Z_ jv ch v jvpbv Ki j úó evsv hvq h, GB me nvmcvzv j ez gv b wb qvwrz 3q I 4_ köyxi Kg x `i wb qvm c Îi gva g wb qvm `Iqv nq (mviwy-7) b~ bzg câg köwy ch ší AÿiÁvb Av Q (mviwy-2) A bk Kg x Av Qb hv `i PvKwii eqm A bk n ji K g hvm`v bi ci 3-Gi AwaK Kv iv ev Pv nqwb (mviwy-8) Zviv wewfbœ ai bi KvR K ib (mviwy-7) Jla mieivn _ K ïiæ K i ivmxi mevhzœ, avqv- gvqv, meb K i bv wkš wb qvmc Î GKwU cv wb qvm `Iqv n ji Zv `i K w` q 3q I 4_ köwyi mkj ai bi KvR Kiv bv nq gvz Z Kvjxb mg q I Kv Ri Kv bv ni di Kiv nq bv GgbwK A bk mgq `yb wkd U Zv `i K w` q KvR Kiv bv nq GRb Kv bv AwZwi³ A_ cö`vb KivI nq bv Zv `i AwaKvskB gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi mgqmxgv m ú K AeMZ wkš G ÿ Î Zv `i Kivi wkqz bvb e j Rvbvb cöwzôvb KZ K h QzwU `Iqv nq Zviv mwu KB Avkxe v` wn m e g b wb q Qb Zv `i g a K_v e j Rvbv Mj h Zviv PvKzwi hviqvi f q Kv bv Sv gjvc~y Ae vq h Z ivwr bv A_P Zviv GUv Rv bb bv h gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU m ez b cviqv Zv `i GKwU Ab Zg gvbevwakvi nvmcvzvj jvi Kv bvwu Z 45 w`b ( m Uªvj nvmcvzvj), Kv bvwu Z webv ez b GK gvm QzwU `Iqv nq Kg iz cöwzôv b mev wb j Zv `i KvQ _ K wdm ivlv n ji Zv Zv `i b~ bzg ez bi Kv Q AvKvk Quvqv g b nq gvz Z Kvjxb mg q gv q `i cywóki Lvev ii K_v ejv n j Zv `i c ÿ GB b~ bzg ezb (2200/-) w` q Zv g b Pjv m e nq bv d j gv I ev Pv DfqB AcywóRwbZ iv M fv Mb Zey Zviv KvR K ib Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gi GKwU eo KviY n Q evsjv ` k K g i _ K Kg xi msl v A bk ewk GQvov AviI GKwU eo mgm vi K_v Rvbv hvq Zv n jv Gme nvmcvzv j Kv b W- Kqvi m Uv ii e e v bb d j Rb cövß wkïiv cöz n 8-10 NÈv ey Ki `ya _ K weiz nq hv wkïi Rb gvivz K ûgwk ^iƒc n Z cv i Kbbv ejv n q _v K h R b i ci Aek B 6 gvm wkï K ey Ki `ya LvIqv Z n e ZvB DcwiD³ ey bv _ K ejv GUv evûj h 3q I 4_ köwy Z Kg iz bvix Kg Pvixiv hv Z gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿvi h_vh_ e envi Ki Z cv i mrb hz kxnª m e Kvh Kix c` ÿc MÖnY LyeB Riæwi mycvwikgvjv cöm ei ci gv I wkï `yr bib h _ó SzuwK _v K Amȳ Zv A_ev g Zz ch ší n Z cv i cwimsl v b `Lv M Q gvz g Zz i `yb-z Zxqvsk gv gviv hv Qb cömekvjxb A_ev cöm ei ci (mgkvj 07.03.2010) Avgv `i cöpwjz AvB b gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU I Ab vb myweavi K_v D jøl _vk ji ev Íevq bi ÿ Î emikvwi nvmcvzvj jvq AvRI mskxy Zv i q M Q GgbwK wkqz wkqz cöwzôv b hvm Zvi gvckvwv Z Dchy³ n ji cöv_ x evqv qi ÿ Î cyiæl `i my hvm `Iqv nq G ÿ Î Zv `i gšíe n Q g q `i wb qvm w` jb Zv `yw`b ci g vuviwbwu wjf ïiæ n q hv e hv Kv Ri cwicš x n Z cv i d j bvixköwgkiv ewâz n Qb Zv `i cök Z AwaKvi _ K 35
GQvov bvixköwgkiv Zv `i AwaKvi _ K ewâz niqvi cq b Ab Avi GKwU eo KviY n Q Zv `i Kj v Y h AvBb jv i q Q m jv m ú K AÁZv d j Zviv `yw`k _ K ewâz n Qb G ÿ Î emikvwi nvmcvzv j Kg iz 3q I 4_ köwyi bvix Kg Pvix `i gvz Z Kvjxb myiÿv wb q ^í cwim i m ú~y Kiv G mgxÿv _ K wb œ wjwlz mycvwikgvjv jv Kiv h Z cv i, hv ciez x Z bvix Z_v Kg Rxex bvix `i AwaKvi AR b I ev Íevq b iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl e e j Avgvi wek vm mycvwikgvjv jv n jvñ 1. mikvwi I emikvwi cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j cöpwjz AvB bi h_vh_ ev Íevqb NUv Z n e Ges gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU c~y ez b w` Z n e 2. gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU e vwß evwo q 120 w`b _ K 180 w`b Kiv h Z cv i Avi Zv bv m e n j wekí c wz n m e Aek B Kg iz cöwzôv b wkï `i ivlvi Rb W- Kqvi m Uvi-Gi e e v Ki Z n e gv q `i cöwz K Vvi bv n q GKUz mnvbyf wzkxj n Z n e hz w`b ch ší Zvi mšív bi eqm Kgc ÿ 6 gvm c~y bv nq Kbbv G mgq `ya GKwU wkïi cöavb Lv` 3. h Kv bv bvix K Kg j hvm`v bi c~ e Zvi wb qvmc Î gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi welqwu GKwU Dc-aviv wn m e ms hvrb Kiv h Z cv i 4. gvz Z Kvjxb QzwU hv Z cö Z KwU gv h_vh_fv e Kv R jvmv Z cv ib mrb Zv `i myweavg Zv QzwU fvm Kivi AwaKvi w` Z n e 5. gvz Z Kvjxb Ae vq AwaKvi-msµvšÍ wel q m PZb Kivi j ÿ MYgva g cöpviyvi e e v MÖnY Kiv h Z cv i KviY G AwaKvi-msµvšÍ AvBb m ú K AwaKvs kib Kv bv ^ Q aviyv bb 6. DbœZ wek hgbñ KvbvWv, hy³ivr, wbdwrj vû-gi g Zv Avgv `i ` ki gvz Z Kvjxb QzwUi cvkvcvwk wcz Z Kvjxb QzwUi e e v Kiv h Z cv i G Z gv qi Abycw wz Z evev wkïi `Lvïbv Ki j gv qi mvnm I g bvej e o hv e Ges Kv R g bv hvm Avm e G Z cöwzôvb I `k DfqB jvfevb n eb 7. bvix ïay bvix bq bvix gvbyl d j bvixi GB mšívb avi Yi mgquzkz Z Zvi cöwz mn hvwmzvi nvz eov Z n e cwievi, mgvr I iv óªi 8. bvix ïay fv Mi e, bvix msmv ii `vqfvi enb Ki e, wkï Rb ` e Ges cöwzcvjb Ki e, GUv ïayb bvixi `vwqz G fvebv mgvr _ K `~i Ki Z n e 9. gvz Z Kvjxb mg q gv q `i AwZwi³ cywóki Lvevi I mevh Zœi cö qvrb nq, hv Zvi wba vwiz ez b mskzjvb nq bv; ZvB wewfbœ dvû _ K GB mgq 36
Zvi Rb fvzvi e e v Kiv h Z cv i ev g~j ez bi kzkiv 25-30 fvm AwZwi³ fvzv wn m e cö`vb Kiv h Z cv i 10. RvZxq ch v q Zv `i b~ bzg grywi wba viy Ki Z n e Ges Zv `i wbqwgz grywi I kögnèv wbwðz Ki Z n e 11. mswkøó KZ c ÿi G AvBb cö qv Mi cöwz mrvm ` wó w` Z n e 12. cö Z KwU nvmcvzv j köwgk BDwbqb _vk Z n e, hv Z köwgkiv Zv `i AwaKvi _ K ewâz bv nq GQvov cöwzôvb KZ K gvz Z Kvjxb Ae vq bvixi Rb cwi ekmz SzuwK Ges ^v wbivcëv-m úwk Z Kg kvjv I mwgbv ii e e v Ki Z n e 13. emikvwi nvmcvzv ji AwaKvsk bvix Kg x cövq 50% Kg x (mviwy-2) wb œ gva wgk cvm niqv m Ë I Zviv bvix `i AwaKvi, bvix w`em m ú K m PZb bq ej Z M j Zviv cövq Gme wel q G Kev ib AÁ ZvB wb œ gva wgk cvv m~wp Z GB me wel qi aviyv AšÍfy ³ Kiv h Z cv i hv Z Zviv Zv `i AwaKvi jv m ú K b~ bzg aviyv ivl Z cv i 37
Avw`evmx g q `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ -mvgvwrk Ae v Ñnvmvb Avj Avãyjøvn M elyv cöwz e`b wk ivbvg: Avw`evmx bvix `i wedwu cvj v i AvMgb, Zvi KviY Ges ez gv b Zv `i Av_ -mgvwrk Ae v Kx? w` b w` b gvbyl n q DV Q AwaK iƒc m PZb Avi mb mv _ µgea gvb nv i e w cv Q wedwu cvj vi GB me wedwu cvj v i KvR K i AmsL v bvixköwgk Avi GB me bvixköwgk `i eo Ask n Q Avw`evmx bvix Avwg Avgvi M elyvkvr Ki Z wm q XvKvi wewfbœ GjvKvq cövq 19wU wedwu cvj v i hvb GB 19wU wedwu cvj v i KvR K i cövq 93 Rb wedwuwkqvb hvi GKwU eo Ask n Q Avw`evmx bvix GB 93 Rb wedwuwkqv bi g a 57 Rb n Q Avw`evmx bvix Ges 36 Rb n Q evovwj bvix Avwg GB me köwgk `i ga _ K cövq 50 R bi mv _ K_v ewj Ges Z_ msmön Kwi Avw`evmx g qiv Avw_ K Afve `~i Kivi Rb XvKvq Av m Ges QvU-eo wedwu cvj v i Kv R hvm`vb K i Avi Gfv eb Avw`evmx g qiv wedwu cvj v ii w` K Suy K co Q cvj v i hme g qiv KvR K i G `i AwaKvskB n Q cve Z PÆMÖvg, e nëi gqgbwmsn Ges wm ju A ji Awaevmx cve Z PÆMÖv g mpivpi 11wU Rb Mvôx emevm Ki Z `Lv hvq Giv n jv PvKgv, wîcyiv, gªv, Z½ v, eg, cvslyqv, PvK, L vs, Lywg I jy mb evsjv ` ki DË i Ges DËi-c~e vs k g ½vjxq Rb Mvôxi jvk i q Q G `i g a e nëi gqgbwmsn A ji Mv iv, nvrs KvP Ges e nëi wm ju A ji Lvwmqv cöf wz DcRvwZi bvg D jøl hvm GBme Mvwôi Avw` Ges Ab Zg ckv n Q K wlkvr Kiv wkš RbmsL v e w i d j m ú `i eèb, K wlrwg n«vm cviqv, ch vß km Drcv`b bv niqv BZ vw` Kvi Y Giv K wli Ici _ K gyl wdwi q wb Q Ges Ab vb wewfbœ ckvq hy³ n Q Avi Avw`evmx g qivi N i e m bb; Zviv cwiev ii m QjZvi Rb wewfbœ Kv R wb R K m ú ³ Ki Q Avi wedwu cvj vi n Q Zv `i Ab Zg ckv Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvb `i m ú K Rvb Z Avgiv XvKv wewfbœ wedwu cvj v i hvb G `i m ú K Z_ msmö ni Rb, wkš A bk ÿ Î Zv mnr wqj bv Zey Avwg Zv `i KvQ _ K Z_ msmön Ki Z Póv K iwq Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvbiv A b K G KvR K i mš ó _vk ji GKwU eo Ask GL bv bvbv mgm vi Kvi Y mdj n Z cvi Q bv hme Avw`evmx wedwuwkqvb fv jv gvwj Ki ZË veav b KvR Ki Q Zviv fv jv Av Q Avi hviv Lvivc gvwj Ki ZË veav b KvR Ki Q Zviv wewfbœ mgm vi ga w` q KvR Ki Q 38
Lvivc gvwjkiv Zv `i GLv b Kg iz köwgk `i bvbv ikg ûgwk-agwk w` q Rvic~e K KvR Kivq Zv `i K Dchy³ cvwiköwgk `q bv Ges Ab Î P j h Z PvB j gvgjvi fq `Lvq GLv b Zviv Pvi `qv j ew ` Rxeb hvcb Ki Q hvi d j Dcvqnxb n q Zv `i GLv b KvR K i h Z nq wedwuwkqvb `i Rb wbw` ó Kv bv ezbkvvv gv bv _vkvq Zv `i K A bk ÿ Î Dchy³ ezb cö`vb Kiv nq bv Zv `i ezb ïiæ nq 1500/-UvKv _ K wkš 7-8 eqi KvR Kivi c ii Zv `i K AvkvZxZ ezb `Iqv nq bv d j Gme Avw`evmx köwgkiv Zv `i Dchy³ grywi _ K ewâz n Q A bk ÿ Î Zv `i K f O f O wkw Í Z ezb cö`vb Kiv nq hv Kv bvfv eb Kvg bq AwaKvsk wedwuwkqvb Zv `i grywi wb q mš ó bq Gme wedwuwkqvb `i Rb Dchy³ ezbkvvv gv wba viy Kiv nvk RxweKvi ZvwM ` Gme g qiv cöz ší MÖvgvÂj _ K XvKvq Av m Ges wewfbœ wedwu cvj v i Kg ms vb K i Gme g qiv cvwievwik m QjZv wdwi q Avb Z Ges wb R K ^vej ^x K i Zzj Z Kg ÿ Î cö ek K i G `i A b KiB cov kvbv Kivi B Qv _vk ji Avw_ K Afv ei Kvi Y Zv Z vm K i Zv `i B Qv, Zviv KvR K i UvKv DcvR b Ki e Ges Avw_ K Afve `~i K i cwiev ii gy L nvwm dvuv e G ÿ Î A b K Zv `i ^cœ jv ev Íe Kivi Rb Póv Pvwj q hv Q A b Ki B Qv GB cvj v i KvR Kivi gva g ^cœ c~i Yi ga w` q wer qi nvwm nvm e Zv `i GKRb n Qb jvwk (QÙbvg) jvwki eqm 25 Ges m wgicyi 10 b ^ ii GKwU cvj v i KvR K i Zvi gvwmk Avq n Q 5000/-UvKv Zvi wkÿvmz hvm Zv 8g köwy cvm m A_ vfv e jlvcov bv Ki Z cvi ji Zvi ^cœ m Zvi Q j g q `i jlvcov Kwi q wkwÿz K i Zzj e Ges Zviv PvKwi K i my `i Rxeb hvcb Ki e G ^cœ c~i Y m AvcÖvY Póv Pvwj q hv Q G _ K mn R evsv hvq GB cvj v i KvR Kivi gva g Avw`evmx bvixiv m Pó n Q hw`i Kv bv Kv bv köwg Ki Rxeb aviy KivB A bk K ói AwaKvsk Avw`evmx köwgk Aí wkwÿz I kög AvBb m ú K G `i Kv bv aviyv bb ej jb P j KD KD kög AvBb m ú K ï b Q ej ji G m ú K G `i Kv bv aviyv bb e j Rvbvq kög AvBb m ú K aviyv bv _vkvq gvwjkiv Zv `i K w` q wbw` ó mg qi AwaK KvR Kivq kög AvB b mvßvwnk QzwUi weavb _vk ji Zviv Zv _ K ewâz n Q Zv `i K gvwj Ki B Qvi Ici eva _vk Z nq cwi k l ejv hvq h Avw`evmx g qiv wedwuwkqv bi KvR K i bzzbfv e euvpvi ^cœ `L Q Zviv Kíbv Ki Q m Qj, my `i Rxe bi Avi GB ^cœ ev Íevq b Zviv wedwu cvj v i KvR wb Q Ges AvcÖvY Póv Pvwj q hv Q Zv `i Rb hw` wbw`ó ezbkvvv gv _vkz Ges kög AvBb g b KvR Kiv bv n Zv Z e Zviv ^vej ^x n q Avw_ K Afve `~i K i RvZxq Dbœq b f~wgkv ivl Z cviz Ges wedwu cvj vi ckv K GKwU Ab Zg ckv wn m e Dc vcb KiZ 39
Km vww-1 f~wgkv: jvwk (QÙbvg) 25 eq ii GKwU g q, Zvi evwo gqgbwmsn Rjvi nvjyqvnvu Dc Rjv, msmv ii Afve-AbUb guv bvi Rb AvR _ K 04 eqi c~ e XvKvq Av m, ez gv b m wgicyi 10 b ^ ii jvebx nvievj wedwu cvj v i KvR Ki Q RbwgwZK Z_ : bvg : jvwk (QÙbvg) wczv/ ^vgx : wkwkj (QÙbvg) gvzv : iægvbv eqm : 25 wkÿvmz hvm Zv : GmGmwm ez gvb wvkvbv : KvRxcvov, wgicyi-10, XvKv vqx wvkvbv : nvjyqvnvu, gqgbwmsn cvwievwik cwiwpwz cwiev ii m`m msl v m`m eqm wkÿv ckv gvwmk Avq evev 46 wbiÿi K wl 2500/- gv 38 wbiÿi M wnyx -Ô eo fvb 27 5g köwy U úyi njcvi 1600/- QvU fvb 16 5g kªwy nv Uj eq 1000/- QvU evb 10 6ô köwy - - cöwzôv bi cwiwpwz cöwzôv bi bvg I wvkvbv gvwj Ki bvg : jvebx nvievj wedwu cvj vi, wgicyi-10 : Rvnvbviv Av³vi cvwievwik Ae v, XvKvq Avmvi KviY jvwk Av³vi cvwievwik Avw_ K Ae v Dbœq bi Rb 4 eqi Av M XvKvq Av m Zvi evev A b i Rwg Z Pvl K i d j Zv `i cwiev ii m`m `i K wb q Rxeb aviy Kiv KóKi n q hv Q d j m XvKvq G m wedwu cvj v i KvR K i cwiev ii Avw_ K m QjZvq mvnvh Ki Q mvgvwrk RxebmsµvšÍ Z_ vewj jvwk (QÙbvg) KvRxcvov GKwU g m Ab vb mnk x `i mv _ GK Î _v K gv S gv S mmöv gi evwo Z hvq Ges evev gv qi mv _ `Lv mvÿvr K i 40
^v, wpwkrmv m Amȳ n j ewki fvm mgq dv g wm _ K Ilya wk b Lvq, gv S gv S mikvwi nvmcvzv j hvq b~ bzg cö qvrb jvwk (QÙbvg) Rvbvq Zvi cwievi GKUz fv jv K i _vkv-lviqvi Rb b~ bzg gvwmk 10,000/-UvKvi cö qvrb mycvwik jvwk (QÙbvg) Zv `i Rb hw` GKwU wbw` ó ezbkvvv gv _vkz Zvn j fv jv n Zv Km vww-2 f~wgkv : wigv (QÙbvg) 18 eq ii GKwU g q Zvi evwo gqgbwmsn Rjvi dzjevoxq Dc Rjv, msmv ii Afve-AbUb guv bvi Rb AvR _ K 02 eqi c~ e XvKvq Av m, ez gv b Kj vycyi evm vû gv o myifx wedwu cvj v i KvR Ki Q RbwgwZK Z_ : bvg : wigv (QÙbvg) wczv/ ^vgx : kwdk (QÙbvg) gvzv : mvjgv (QÙbvg) eqm : 18 wkÿvmz hvm Zv : 5g köwy ez gvb wvkvbv : Kj vycyi, myifx wedwu cvj vi, XvKv vqx wvkvbv : dzjevoxqv, gqgbwmsn cvwievwik cwiwpwz cwiev ii m`m msl v m`m eqm wkÿv ckv gvwmk Avq evev 58 wbiÿi K wl 27,00/- gv 38 wbiÿi M wnyx - eo fvb 27 3q kªwy `vkvb`vi 2,000/- QvU fvb 15 5g kªwy Pv we µzv 500/- QvU evb (1) 10 8g köwy - - QvU evb (2) 05 1g köwy - - 41