Co-evolution of galaxies and central black holes: Extended emission-line region around quasars Matsuoka, 2012, ApJ, in press (arxiv:1203.1356) Yoshiki Matsuoka (Nagoya University)
INTRODUCTION ELR (or EELR) Extended emission-line region Massive ionized nebulae observed around some AGNs (~a few x 10 kpc) Mostly detected in [O III] λ5007 Not many observations to date - Long-slit spectroscopy (Boroson et al.1985; Villar-Martin et al. 2011) - NB-filter imaging (Stockton & MacKenty 1987) - IFU spectroscopy (Husemann et al. 2008; Fu & Stockton 2009) Preferentially found around radio quasars with - steep radio spectrum - strong NLR [O III] line - broad and bump Hβ profile - weak Fe II lines 1
INTRODUCTION Why do we care? Extended emission-line region Ionization source: mostly AGN (based on the BPT diagram) Kinematics: - locally ordered but globally disordered - some high-velocity clouds leaving the host galaxies - minor-merger origin? ELR phenomenon = galaxy-wide energy injection into the ISM by AGN radiation Reminiscent of AGN feedback 2
INTRODUCTION AGN feedback A compelling mechanism for driving the co-evolution of galaxies and SMBHs Magorrian relation ( ) - tight correlation between galaxy-bulge mass and SMBH mass Over-cooling problem - much more massive galaxies are formed in the Λ CDM models than observed Color-mass-morphology relation - models predict the inverted relation to observations. Regulate SF activity in massive galaxies by AGN 3
DATA New observation and compilation Subaru/Suprime-cam observation Open-use program S11A-028 (2011 May 2-4; 1/3 clear nights) Targets: SDSS quasars at z ~ 0.3 Filter: NA 656 ([O III] λ5007), R c (cont.) Exp time: 45 min (NA 656 ) + 15 min (R c ) Detection of 2 ELR out of 5 targets [O III] image Compilation of the past measurements - 61 type-1 quasars (27 ELR detection) - 20 type-2 quasars (10 ELR detection) 4
RESULTS Origin of ELR - PC 1 correlation Principal component 1 (PC1; eigenvector 1) of the AGN emission correlation - steep-spec. radio emission - strong NLR [O III] line - broad and bump Hβ profile - weak Fe II lines mainly driven by Eddington ratio Clear correlation between the ELR fraction and Eddington ratio Origin of the ELR dependence on the PC 1 constituents 5
RESULTS What regulates ELR emergence? L (ELR) = L (AGN) x M (extended gas) no positive correlation between the ELR fraction and L(AGN); consistent with the previous studies M (Extended gas)! Strong correlation between NLR and ELR [O III] Gas availability 6
RESULTS Host galaxies Stellar mass and rest-frame color of type-2 quasars AGNs reside in the green valley between the red sequence and the blue cloud (e.g., Schawinski et al. 2010) ELR is preferentially associated with massive blue galaxies ( ) Blue color - minor-merger origin of ELR gas - presence of ample gas for ELR Massiveness - Massive galaxies are the dominant hosts of radio-loud AGNs characterized with low Eddington ratio - may explain the whole set of observed correlations green: ELR measured black: type-2 quasars (ctrl) contour; SDSS galaxies 7
DISCUSSION In the context of galaxy evolution 8
SUMMARY Extended emission-line region (ELR) is massive ionized nebulae observed in some AGNs. It may be an important phenomenon related to the AGN feedback We carried out a new Subaru/Suprime-Cam observation and data compilation, resulting in 81 ELR measurements around type-1 and 2 quasars. We find that ELR - anti-correlates with Eddington ratio (hence radio emission), - is regulated by the amount of available gas, - is preferentially associated with massive blue galaxies. We suggest that ELR occupies massive-blue corner of the green valley, the AGN realm, on the galaxy color stellar mass diagram. Once a galaxy is pushed to this corner, activated AGN would create ELR by the energy injection into the ISM and eventually blow it away, leading to star-formation quenching (AGN feedback process). 9