Avj-Aveivi. gvwmk. gvwmk Avj-Aveivi. The Monthly AL-ABRAR

gvwmk Avj-Aveivi The Monthly AL-ABRAR iwr: bs- 145 el -1, msl v-12 Rvbyqvix 2013Bs, mdi 1434wn: cöwzôvzv I cöavb c ô cvlk dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Ave`yi ingvb (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) cöavb m úv`k gydzx Avikv` ingvbx m úv`k gydzx wkdvqvzzjøvn kwdk wbe vnx m úv`k gvijvbv wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x mnkvix m úv`k gvijvbv gynv ` Av bvqvi nvmvbb weávcb cöwzwbwa gynv ` nv kg mvkz jkb g v brvi gvi: bvwmi DÏxb wewbgq: 15 (c bi) UvKv gvî cöpvi msl v : 10,000 (`k nvrvi) hvmv hvm m úv`bv `dzi gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k eøk-ww, dk xûj wgjøvz iyx, emyüiv Av/G, XvKv dvb: 028402091,028845138 B- gbj: monthlyalabrar@gmail.com I qe : http://monthlyalabrar.com http://monthlyalabrar.wordpress.com/ m úv`bv welqk Dc `óv gydzx Rvgvj DÏxb gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx gydzx gvng~`yj nk gydzx gynv ` mynvbj gydzx Avãym mvjvg gvijvbv nviæb gydzx idxkyj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx gydzx RvÕdi Avjg Kv mgx m~pxcî m úv`kxq... 2 cweî Kvjvgyjøvn _ K... 5 cweî mybœvn _ K... 6 `i m wdk&n... 7 gydzx kv n` ingvbx nhiz nvi`~qx (in.) Gi Ag~j evyx... 10 gviqv q h dk xûj wgjøvz... 11 Òwmiv Z gȳ ÍvKxgÓ ev mijc_-6... 13 gvijvbv gydzx gbm~iæj nk kqvi evrvi-4... 18 gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx Kvqv Uvg g_w-9... 20 gydzx kixdzj AvRg hv i L M jb gydzx Avgxbx (in.)... 25 gvijvbv Devq`yi ingvb Lvb b`fx kvql bvqxiæïxb Avjevbx cöm ½ wkqz K_v... 29 gydzx iwdkzj Bmjvg Avj gv`vbx Ô_vwU dv bvbuõ Cgvb aÿs mi gnv Drme... 32 gvijvbv KvRx drjyj Kwig wrávmv I kiqx mgvavb... 34 bexrx (mv.) hfv e bvgvh co Z e j Qb-3 39 gvijvbv wiriqvb idxk Rgxivev`x D`xqgvb Kv djv... 44 Zvivbv... 45 LeivLei... 46 gvevbj: cöavb m úv`k:01819469667, m úv`k:01817009383, wbe vnx m úv`k:01191270140 mnkvix m úv`k: 01812357522 weávcb cöwzwbwa: 01711803409 mvkz jkb g v brvi : 01831740540 gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 1

m úv ` Kx q cöwz eqib DËi XvKvi HwZnvwmK ZzivM Zx i Uw½i mywekvj gq`v b ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi wek BRwZgv AbywôZ n q _v K `ywbqvi eû ` ki nvrv iv `viqvzx Kv djv GB BRwZgvq Ask wb q _v Kb `jgz wbwe k l G ` ki jvl jvl gymjgvb wek BRwZgvq G m `viqvzx wdwki, whwki Ges wewfbœ Bev`Z I gybvrv Z gk j nb gnvmgv iv n wb Ri Rvb, gvj Ges mgq e q K i cö Z K Avcb Avcb D ` v M GKgvÎ wn`vqvz cövwß Ges `ywbqv e vcx wn`vqvz cömvwiz niqvi gnz wbq Z gnbzkvix gymjgvb `i GwU me e nz b~ivbx BRwZgv c w_exi cövq mkj ` kb gymjgvb `i GB gyrvnv`v I gnbz Pvjy i q Q GB gnb Zi gva g gymjgvb `i N i N i hgb Cgv bi Av jv cuš Q hv Q Zgwb AgymwjgivI Bmjv gi ^v_ KZv I mywbc~b Av`k ` L Bmjvg MÖn Y DØy n Q wewfbœ ` k ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi BRwZgvI AbywôZ n q _v K wkš Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi eo ingz mkj BRwZgvi g~j wbh vm wek BRwZgvwU evsjv ` ki gvwu ZB AbywôZ n q _v K mviv `ywbqv _ K gymjgvbmy `viqvzx wdwki wb q evsjv ` kb AwZw_ n q Av mb Avi evsjv ` ki gymjgvbmy grevb Gi f wgkvq `~i `k _ K Avmv GmKj gngvb `i gngvb`vixi my hvm c q _v Kb G e vcv i G ` ki gymjgvb `i PZbv Av iv R M DVzK GB Kvgbv mevi c_åó gvbervwz K c _i w`kv w` Z hy M hy M Avjøvni g bvbxz GK jvl gzvší i `yb jvl 24 nvrvi bex I ivm~j `viqvz I ZvejxM Ges Øxb wkÿv `Iqvi Rb cöwiz n q Qb Zvuiv mevb wbr `vwqz cy Lvbycy L iƒ c cvjb K i M Qb nriz Av`g (Av.) _ K ïiæ K i me kl bex I ivm~j nriz gynv ` (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)-Gi AvMgb I Idv Zi gva g G avivi mgvwß N U ûryi (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg)Gi ci _ K G `vwqz Lvjvdv q iv kw`b, mvnvev q Kivg, Zv ebb, Zv ezv ebb, mj d mv jwnb Ges Av jg-ijvgv I cxi gvkv qlmy A` vewa cvjb K i Avm Qb 1926 mv j w`wjøi giqv Z `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i GKRb K wzmšívb gvijvbv Bwjqvm (in.) `viqvz I Zvejx Mi KvR ïiæ K ib, hvi m cömvwiz iƒc AvR Ki Uw½i ZyivM Zx ii wek BR Zgv gvby li gyw³ I Kvwgqvex nvwm ji D Ï k GK Avjøvni cöwz Cgvb Avbv Ges HK e fv e mr KvR Kiv I Amr KvR _ K weiz ivlvb G `viqv Zi gyl D Ïk Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv G `viqvwz KvRwUi `vwqz e w³mz, mgwómz- mevi Ici mgvbfv e b Í K i Qb m mdj nvk ZvejxMx wek BRwZgv Kvi Y cö Z Ki IciB Zvi ^xq gzv Abyhvqx m Z i cöpvi-cömvi Kiv AZ vek K we`vq n Ri fvl Y ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) e j Qb, ÔAvgvi ci Avi Kv bv bex Avm e bv AZGe Avgvi GKwU evyx n ji A b i Kv Q cšu Q `vi Õ Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv cweî KyiAv b e jb, ÔAvwg PvB Zvgv `i g a Ggb GK`j jvk, hviv gvbyl K m Z i c _ AvnŸvb Ki e, fv jv Kv Ri AvnŸvb Ki e, Avi g ` KvR _ K weiz ivl e IB `juvb n jv mdjkvg Õ (m~iv Av j Bgivb, AvqvZ-104) c_ fvjv gvbyl K c _i müvb `Iqv, wec_mvgx gvbyl K mwvk c _ Avbv, gvbyl K mycivgk `Iqv, PwiÎevb I mr mvnmx Kiv, AfveMÖ Í, wec`mö Í, `y, GwZg, Amnv qi cöwz mvnv h i nvz cömvwiz Kiv, gnr K g i Dcgv m wó Kiv, fv jv Kv R DrmvwnZ Kiv, g ` _ K weiz _vkvi Av em m wó Kiv, Kg ms v bi e e v K i `Iqv, GK K_vq BnKvj I cikv ji kvwšíi Rb gvbyl K mz I mij c _ Pjvi AvnŸvbB n Q `viqvz ev ZvejxM gvby li Kj v Yi Rb KvR Ki Z n j, fv jv w` q g `i gvkv ejv Ki Z n j webqx I ah kxj n Z n e gvbyl K fv jvevm Z n e gvby li gh v`v eys Z n e ü` q gvby li cöwz fv jvevmv cq`v bv n j `viqvz I Zvejx Mi KvR Kiv m e bq nriz Avbvm (iv.) _ K ew Y Z, ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Ô Zvgiv gvby li mv _ b ª e envi K iv, iƒp AvPiY K ivbv, mymsev` `vi, fxz mš Í K ivbv Õ (eylvwi I gymwjg) AvjøvncvK NvlYv K ib, ÔZywg Zvgvi cöwzcvj Ki w` K Wv Kv wnkgz ev KŠkj mnkv i I DËg bwmn Zi gva g Ges wezk K iv DËg cš vq Õ (m~iv bvnj, AvqvZ-125) `viqvz I Zvejx M mgq, Rvb I gvj DrmM K i Avjøvni cök Z cöwgk n Z n e mvabv K i wb Ri K_v I Kv R iƒnvwb cöfve m wó Ki Z n e Z eb gvbyl AvnŸv b mvov ` e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e jbñô n gywgbmy, Zvgv `i K wk Ggb GKwU e emvi müvb `vb Kie, hv Zvgv `i K K Vvi AvRve _ K i v Ki e? Zv n jv, Zvgiv Avjøvni Ici I Avjøvni ivm~ ji Ici Cgvb Avb e, gnbz Ki e Avjøvni iv Ívq gvj I Rvb w` q Õ (m~iv Avm-mvd, AvqvZ-10) nv`xm kix d Av Q ÔAvjøvni iv Ívq GKUv mkvj ev GKUv we Kj e q Kiv mviv `ywbqvi g a hv wkqy Av Q Zvi P q DËg Õ Avjøvni iv Ívq Rvb I gvj w` q gnbz Kivi A_ B n Q m wó K fv jv e m ªóvi Bev` Z wb R K wejxb K i `Iqv GB c w_ex Z Avjøvni Øxb Kv q gi gva g gvby li vqx (cikvjxb) gyw³i e e v K i `Iqv Ges cvw_ e Kj vy gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 2

Kiv Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv e jbñôzvi K_vi P q DËg K_v Kvi n Z cv i, h gvbyl K Avjøvni w` K Wv K, bk Avgj K i Ges m e j, wbðqb Avwg gymjgvb `i AšÍf y³ Õ (m~iv nv-gxg Avm-mvR`v, AvqvZ-33) KyiAvb-nv`x mi `vwe c~iy Ges bex ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) cxi gvkv ql, Bgvg, gynvwïq I dkxnm Yi GB Av`k ev Íevq b nriz gvijvbv Bwjqvm in: 1345wn. gvzv ek 1926Bs mv j fvi Zi GK Rbweij AÂj giqvz _ K nv Z Mvbv KÕRb gvbyl wb q ZvejxMx `viqv Zi gnbz ïiæ K ib Zvejx Mi G gnbzb GLb mviv we k Qwo q c o Q 1356wn. gvzv ek 1937Bs mv j nhiz Bwjqvm (in.) `viqv Zi Kv R RwoZ giqvzevmx K RvgvÕAvZe K i Ab vb kn i cvvv Z Avi K ib 1360 wn. gvzv ek 1941 mv j giqv Zi b~n A j ( hlvb _ K Zvejx Mi KvR Avi nq) GK wekvj BRwZgvi Av qvrb K ib GwU wqj ZrKvjxb ZvejxM RgvÕAv Zi me e nz cö_g BRwZgv (`viæj Dj~g `Ie ` Gnqv q Bmjvg wk AvRxg ZvnixK 445-446) nriz gvijvbv Ave`yj AvwRR (in.)-gi gva g 1944 mv j evsjv ` k ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi KvR ïiæ nq Zvici 1946 mv j wek BR Zgv me cö_g AbywôZ nq evsjv ` ki Zvejx Mi gvikvr KvKivBj gmwr ` c i 1948 mv j PÆMÖvg nvrx K v ú BR Zgv ïiæ nq Gici 1958 mv j bvivqym Äi wmw im Ä, Zvici 1965 mv j Uw½i cvmv i Ges me kl 1966 mv j Uw½i f eicvo ZyivM b`xi Zx i AbywôZ nq mb _ K G ch ší mlv bb 160 GKi RvqMvq Zvejx Mi me e nr BR Zgv ev m jb AbywôZ n q Avm Q wek e vcx Zvejx Mi GB KvR g~jz `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i mỳ ~icömvix Øxwb wgk bi GKwU Ask `viæj Dj~g `Ie ` wzbwu e i mgš^ qi bvg mwvk Øxwb wkÿv, wb f Rvj Ava vwz K `xÿv Ges mwvk cš vq Øxwb `viqvz GB wzbwu wel qb `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i L`gvZ AvR mviv `ywbqvq cömvwiz I mycöwzwôz LvwU Bmjvgx wkÿvi aviv hgb mviv c w_ex Z KIgx gv`ivmvi gva g cöwzwôz i q Q Zgwb wb f Rvj Ava vwz K wkÿvi aviv cöwzwôz i q Q LvbKvn I cxi gvkv ql `i gva g miƒc mviv `ywbqvq ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi gva g Øxwb `viqv Zi KvR D¾xweZ i q Q GZ mí mg q GB wzb ZixKvi Kv R `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i mdjzv Bmjvg we ivax evwzj köyxi Rb wbðqb MvÎ`v ni KviY hv Kv iv mn niqvi K_v bq m Kvi Y KIgx avivi mwvk Bmjvgx wkÿv K Íä Kivi gvb m Avwe vi Kiv n q Q wewfbœ cš vi bvgavix Bmjvgx wkÿv e e v- wewfbœ gv`ivmv Z`ycix KIgx gv`ivmvi Dci wewfbœ Acev` Zgwb mwvk iƒnvbx wkÿv _ K gymjgvb `i K `~ i miv bvi Rb m wó Kiv n q Q fð cxi, gvrvi c~rv BZ vw` Aci w` K ZvejxM RvgvÕAvZ _ K gymjgvb `i wew Qbœ Kivi Rb wewfbœ evwzj wdikv Zvejx Mi bv g wewfbœ c_ I cš v m wó K i Q hviv ûeû ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi gzb gmwr ` gmwr ` Ae vb K i G ch ší miƒc eû msmvb I `j m wó n q Q, h jv R j DV ZB wb f M Q Avevi `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i GB wzb wgk bi weiæ wewfbœ cökvi cövcvmvðv Qov Z `Lv hvq wgwwqv wbf i Av iv wkqz `j Dc`j K m úªwz Av ikwu wdzbv m wó n q Q Zv n jv `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i GB wzbwu wgkb K ci úi we ivax wn m e Dc vcb Kivi Ac Póv ZvejxM RvgvAv Z Ggb wkqz jvk cwikwízfv e cö ek K i Q hviv KIgx gv`ivmvi mgv jvpbv K i _v Kb cxi gvkv q Li ZixKvi we ivwazv K i _v Kb Avevi ZixKZcš x `i A b K ZvejxM RvgvÕAv Zi we ivwazv K i _v Kb A_P hv `i nv Z ZvejxM RgvÕAv Zi cöwzôv Zuviv wb RivB cxi wq jb, iƒnvbx ZixKvi mek w` Zb, wrwki Kiv Zb 1941 mv j giqv Z AbywôZ ZvejxMx BRwZgvq gydzx q AvRg nhiz gvijvbv gydzx wkdvqvzzjøvn (in.)i Dcw Z wq jb wzwb e jb ÒGwU wqj Abb BRwZgv GwUB wqj `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i g~j wgkb Bjg, whwki, ZvejxM Gi mgwš^z cöqvm Ó(m~Î : cöv ³) GZ` m ú K nhiz gvijvbv Aveyj nvmvb Avjx b`fx (in.) ÒnhiZ gvijvbv Bwjqvm ivn. I Zvui Øxbx `viqvz c. 130Ó- Z j LbÑ nhiz gvijvbvi (gvijvbv Bwjqvm in. giqv Z) Ae vbkv j wecyj msl K giqvwz Zvui nv Z evbavz n Zb evqõavzkv j wzwb Zvui `viqvz ck Ki Zb Ges G Kv R AvZ wb qvm Kivi Iqv`vI wb Zb... GB wel q G ` ki kxl giæeÿx dk xûj wgjøvz nhiz gydzx Avãyi ingvb (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) Gi GKwU g~j evb eqvb gvwmk Avj-Aveivi ww m ^i 2012Bs Z Qvcv n q Q Zv Z wzwb e jbñ gvijvbv Bwjqvm (in.) g`xbv kixd _ K wn `ȳ Ív b P j Avmvi ci Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zuvi _ K Zvejx Mi KvR wb jb mviv `ywbqvq ZvejxM Pj Q mb brvgyïxb gmwr `i wfz i evb i kl iv Î wrwk ii AvIqv R mviv brvgyïx bi ew Í KuvcZ Zuvi BwšÍKv ji ci ZuviB mv nerv`v nhiz gvijvbv BDmyd mv ne (in.) GKB wrwki Ges evqõavz gyix `i KvR K iwq jb Zuvi ci nhiz gvijvbv Gbvgyj nvmvb mv ne (in.) Zuviv Df qi mv _ Avwg ZvejxM K iwq brvgyïx b GKB mv _ evqõavz-gyix`xi n Q Avevi wrwkii n Q gmwr `i wfz i evb i wrwk ii nvjkv... wzwb Av iv e jbñ ÒnhiZ gvijvbv hvkvwiqv (in.) Gi wrwk ii nvjkv KZ eo wqj! Avwg ZvI ^P ÿ ` LwQ cöwzw`b dr ii gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 3

bvgv hi ci Zuvi mlv b wrwki nz Rv Kixb `i msl v KLbI 50/60, KLbI 80/90/100 Rb ch ší n q h Zv mevb D P ^ i K i wrwki K i Qb nhiz KvD K e jbwb Zvgiv Pz c Pz c whwki Ki whwki Gici Pv-bv Ív m i hvi hvi Kv R hz brvgyïx bi nhiz gvijvbv Bwjqvm (in.) Mv½yn Z wrwki Ki Z Ki Z Zv cyiv kixi G Kev i ïwk q d jwq jb nvwç Qvov MvkZ wqjbv mviv ivz wrwk i h nix Ki Zb Ó nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz Av iv e jbñ ÒeZ gv b Bjg Avi wrwki Pjvi mv _ mv _ Zvejx Mi mv _I m úk ivl Z n e ZvejxM Gi KvRI `Iew `q v Zi 3wU Kv Ri GKwU Bjg, wrwki, `viqvz I ZvejxM Bjg I wrwki K ib `viqvz I Zvejx M bv M j Amyweav bb, wkš we ivwazv Ki eb bv Kbbv `viqvz I ZvejxM `Iew `q ZiB GKwU A½ Avcwb wb R K `Ie `x `vex Ki eb, Avi ZvejxM Gi we ivwazv Ki eb GUv Kg b nq? nhiz gvijvbv hvkvwiqv in. GKw`b Zuvi grwj m e jwq jb, (hv Avwg wb Ri Kv b ï bwq ) ÒfvB! Zvgv `i K Avwg ejwqbv h, Zvgiv Zvejx M hvi, Ggb Zv bv h, ZvejxM di R AvBb wkš GK_v Aek B eje, Zvejx Mi we ivwazv K iv bv KviY hw` Zzwg we ivwazv K iv Z e Cgvb wb q `ywbqv _ K hviqv LvZivi g a _vk e Ó gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 4 GK_v e j Qb Ggb GK e w³ whwb `Ie `x Bjg, `Ie `x wrwki, `Ie `x ZvejxM wzbuv wb q P j Qb cy iv Rxeb D jøwlz 3Uv Kv Ri bvg n jv `Ie `xq vz Ó Gme _ K cözxqgvb nq, ZvejxM RvgvÕAvZ, KIgx gv`ivmv Ges LvbKvn K Avjv`v K i `Lv bv Ges ci úi we ivax e j Dc vcb Kiv m ú~y D Ïk cö Yvw`Z Z e ZvejxM RvgvÕAvZ ev Ab h Kv bv wgk bi Kv bv fzj wm vší m ú K Ijvgv q Kivg GKevi Kb nvrvi evi K_v ej Z cvi eb KviY gymjgvb `i hvezxq wel q kiqx mgvavb ` eb Ijvgv q Kivg GwU n e AvZ ms kva bi kvwgj gvu K_v n jv KIgx gv`ivmv, mwvk cš vi cxi gvkv ql I LvbKvn, ZvejxM RvgvÕAvZ Ges AvR Ki wek BRwZgv meb `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i gyieÿx `i wbijm gnb ZiB dmj, `viæj Dj~g `Ie `ib we Í wz GB wgk bi weiæ `ywbqv e vcx lohš Pj Q cövi Kvj _ KB Avgv `i mkj K G wgk bi weiæ ewntkîæi lohš _ K me ÿy m PZb I mrvm _vk Z n e muv hiƒ cb AvmyK ci úi evsvciv I civg k i gva g Gi gvkv ejv Ki Z n e wek BRwZgv mdj nvk, `viæj Dj~g `Ie `i GmKj wgk bi gva g Bmjvg cwic~y fv e wkqvgz ch ší wu K _vkzk GB Kvgbvq... cöl vz Av j gøxb kvqlyj nv`xm gydzx Avwgbxi BwšÍKvj RvwZ n vbx Ijvgv q Kiv gi mwvk I mdj cöwzwbwaz Kvix GK AwffveK nviv jv! Bmjvgx HK Rv Ui Pqvig vb, Bmjvgx AvBb ev Íevqb KwgwUi Avgxi, Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv Aviweqv jvjev Mi my hvm wcöwýcvj I kvqlyj nv`xm cöl vz nv`xm I AvBb wekvi`, `ke iy Av jg I mv ek msm` m`m nhiz gvijvbv gydzx drjyj nk Avwgbx (in.) Gi nvvr g Zz Z Mfxi kvk I Zvi cwiev ii cöwz mg e`bv cökvk Ki Z wm q ÒBmjvwgK wimvp m Uvi emyüiv XvKviÓ cöwzôvzv cwipvjk, evsjv ` ki me Rb kö q Bmjvgx e w³z wewkó AvBb I nv`xm wekvi` nhizzj Avjøvgv dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Avãyi ingvb GK evyx Z e jb, gydzx Avwgbxi g Zz Z RvwZ n vbx Ijvgv q Kiv gi mwvk I mdj cöwzwbwaz Kvix GK AwffveK K nviv jv hvi d j RvwZ G gyû Z AwffveK nviv n q coj Bmjv gi mwvk bz Z w` Z wm q ` k Bmjvgx AvBb ev Íevqb Kivi Rb gydzx Avwgbx c ` c ` h hymvšíkvix c` ÿc jv wb Zb Ges h mkj f~wgkv ivl Zb Zv Zuvi gav, KziAvb nv`x mi cvi`wk Zv, GKwbôZv I D Pch v qi wn Z I mvn mi cwipvqk e j wzwb gšíe K ib gydzx Avwgbxi g Zz i msev` cviqvi mv _ mv _ nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`v:ev:) BmjvwgK wimvp m Uvi emyüivmn Zuvi cwipvjbvaxb mviv ` k Qwo q cov wewfbœ Rvwgqv I gv`ivmv jv Z gydzx Avwgbxi iæ ni gvmwdivz Kvgbv Kivi j ÿ I Ív`-QvÎe ` `i wb q LZ g Zvnjxj I `yõav `iæ `i e e v Kivi mv _ mv _ Zuvi Rvbvhvq kixk niqvi Rb GK w` bi QzwU NvlYv K ib nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`v:ev:) emyüivq dr ii bvgvh Av`vq Kivi ci ci gydzx Avwgbxi jvk `Lv I cwiev ii cöwz mg e`bv cökvk Kivi Rb Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv jvjev M cuš Qb giû gi jvk GK bri `Lvi mv _ mv _ wzwb Kuvbœvq f ½ c ob Ges giû gi iæ ni gvmwdivz Kvgbv K i `yõav K ib c i jvjevm gv`ivmvi Awd m giû gi cwiev ii m`m `i cöwz mg e`bv cökvk K i Zv `i K ah aviy Kivi Dc `k `b Ges e jb, gydzx Avwgbx K nvwi q ïay Zvgiv GKv kvkvnz bi eis Zvgv `i mv _ Avgivmn cy iv RvwZ kvkvnz ciw`b jÿ jÿ jv Ki wf o nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvûzzg) giû gi Rvbvhvq Ask bb wzwb e jb, giû gi g Zz Z h vb k~b n q Q evwn K ` wó Z hw`i Zv c~iy niqvi gz bq, wkš Avjøvn cv Ki Kz`i Zi evb ii bq ZvB Avgiv Avjøvni `iev i `ÕyAv Kwi hv Z RvwZi GB µvwšíj Mœ RvwZi mwvk w`k-wb ` kbv `vbkvix I cöwzwbwaz Kvix AwffveK Avjøvn cvk m wó K i `b Ges gydzx Avwgbxi i L hviqv Am ú~y KvR jv mgvß Ki Z cv ib Avgxb

cweî Kvjvgyjøvn kixd _ K D PZi Zvdmxi M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k Abyev` : GK köyxi jvk Av Q hviv gvbyl K Avjøvni c_ _ K Mvgivn Kivi D Ï k AevšÍi K_vevZ v msmön K i AÜfv e Ges Dnv K wb q VvÆv we`ªƒc K i G `i Rb i q Q AegvbbvKi kvw Í (m~iv jvkgvb 6) Zdmxi : D jøwlz Avqv Z k ãi AvwfavwbK A_ µq Kiv Kv bv Kv bv mgq GK Kv Ri cwie Z Ab KvR Aej ^b Kivi A _ I kãwu e eüz nq BZ vw` Avqv Z G A_ B evsv bv n q Q Av jvp AvqvZwU GKwU we kl NUbvi cöÿvc U AeZxY n q Q g vi gykwik e emvqx bhi Be b nv im evwy R i Rb wewfbœ ` k mdi Ki Zb m GKevi cvim `k _ K Kmiv cög~l AvRgx m ªvUM Yi HwZnvwmK Kvwnbxi eb µq K i Avbj Ges g vi gykwik `i ejj, gynv ` Zvgv `i K Av`, mvg~` cöf wz m úà v qi wkmmv Kvwnbx kvbvq Avwg Zvgv `i K iæ Íg, Bm dw `qvi cög~l cvim m ªvUM Yi miv Kvwnbx ïbvb g vi gykwikiv AZ ší AvMÖnf i Zvi AvbxZ Kvwnbx ïb Z _v K KviY G jv Z wkÿv ej Z wkqz wqj bv hv cvjb Kivi kög ^xkvi Ki Z nq; eis G jv wqj PUK`vi Mí Q Gi d j A bk gykwik, hviv Gi Av M KziAv bi A jšwkkzv I AwØZxqZvi Kvi Y G K kvbvi AvMÖn cvly KiZ Ges Mvc b Mvc b ïbzi, ZvivI KziAvb _ K gyl wdwi q biqvi QzZv c q Mj (iƒûj gvõavbx) `yi i gbm~ i Be b AveŸvm (iv.) _ K ewy Z Av Q, D jøwlz e emvqx we `k _ K GKwU MvwqKv euv`x µq K i G b Zv K KziAvb köeb _ K gvbyl K div bvi Kv R wb qvwrz Ki jv KD KziAvb köe Yi B Qv Ki j Zv K Mvb kvbvevi Rb m euv`x K Av `k KiZ I ejz, gynv ` Zvgv `i K KziAvb ïwb q bvgvh cov, ivhv ivlv Ges a g i Rb cövy wemr b `Iqvi K_v e j G Z KóB Kó G mv G MvbwU ïb Ges Djøvm Ki Av jvp AvqvZwU G NUbvi cwi cöwÿ ZB AeZxY n q Q; G Z µq Kivi A_ AvRgx m ªvUM Yi wkmmv-kvwnbx A_ev MvwqKv euv`x µq Kiv kv b byhy ji cöwz jÿ Ki j Avqv Z kãwu AvÿwiK A _ e eüz n q Q A_ vr µq Kiv c i ewy Z Gi e vck A _ i w`k w` q kãwuii j e vck A_ n e A_ vr GK Kv Ri cwie Z Ab KvR Aej ^b Kiv µxov- KŠZz Ki DcKiY µq KivI Gi AšÍf y³ evk wu Z k ãi A_ K_v, wkmmv-kvwnbx Ges k ãi A_ Mv dj niqv hme welq gvbyl K cö qvrbxq KvR _ K Mv dj K i `q m jv K ejv nq gv S gv S Ggb KvR KI ejv nq, hvi Kv bv D jøl hvm DcKvwiZv bb, Kej mgq ÿcy A_ev g bviä bi Rb Kiv nq Av jvp Avqv Z Gi A_ I Zvdmxi wk, G m ú K Zvdmxiwe`M Yi Dw³ wewfbœiƒc nhiz Be b gvmd`, Be b AveŸvm I Rv ei (iv.) Gi GK iiqvqv Z Zvdmxi Kiv n q Q Mvb-ev` Kiv (nv Kg, evqnvkx) AwaKvsk mvnvex, Zv eqx I Zvdmxiwe`M Yi g Z MvY, ev` hš I Ab_ K wkmmv-kvwnbx hme e gvbyl K Avjøvni Gev`Z I iy _ K Mv dj K i m jv meb - eylvix I evqnvkx ^ ^ wkzv e Gi G ZvdmxiB Aej ^b K i Qb Zuviv e jb Mvb I Z`byiƒc Ab vb welq evsv bv n q Q (hv Avjøvni Gev`Z _ K Mv dj K i `q) evqnvkx Z Av Q µq Kivi A_ MvqK cyiæl A_ev MvwqKv bvix µq Kiv wksev Z`byiƒc Ggb Ab_ K e µq Kiv hv gvbyl K Avjøvni iy _ K Mv dj K i `q Be b RixiI GB e vck A_ Aej ^b K i Qb (iƒûj gvõavbx) wziwghxi GK iiqvqvz _ KI Giƒc e vck A_ cögvwyz nq G Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e jb, MvwqKv euv`x `i e emv K iv bv AZtci wzwb e jb G ai bi e emv m ú K AvqvZ bvwhj n q Q Mvb I ev` hš m úwk Z weavb : K qkrb mvnvex D jøwlz Avqv Z Gi Zvdmxi K i Qb Mvb-evRbv Kiv Ab mvnvexmy e vck Zvdmxi K i e j Qb h, Avqv Z Ggb h Kv bv Ljv evsv bv n q Q, hv gvbyl K Avjøvn _ K Mv dj K i `q KziAvb cv Ki Avqv Z Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, gyrvwn`, gynv ` Bebyj nvbvwdqv cögyl Av jgmy k ãi Zvdmxi K i Qb Mvb-evRbv Avey `vd`, Be b gvrvn I Be b wneÿvb ewy Z nhiz Avey gv jk AvkÕAvixi iiqv q Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e jbñ ÒAvgvi D Zi wkqz jvk g `i bvg cvwë q Zv cvb Ki e Zv `i mvg b MvwqKviv wewfbœ ev` hš mnkv i MvY Ki e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zv `i K f -M f wejxb K i ` eb Ges KZ Ki AvK wz wek Z K i evbi I ïk i cwiyz K i ` eb nhiz Be b AveŸvm (iv.) Gi iiqv q Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e jb, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv g`, Ryqv, Zejv I mv i½x nvivg K i Qb wzwb AviI e jb, bkvmö Í K i Ggb cö Z K e nvivg (Avng`, Avey `vd`) GZ`wfbœ eû cögvy I wbf i hvm nv`xm i q Q, hv Z Mvb-ev` nvivg I bv Rv qh ejv n q Q, G e vcv i we kl mzk evyx i q Q Ges KwVb kvw Íi NvlYv i q Q gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 5

cweî mybœvn _ K D PZi nv`xm M elyv wefvm : gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k me bvkv wervzxq ms wz Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Aek B Zvgiv Zvgv `i c~e ezx `i c`v¼ AbymiY Ki Z _vk e ax i ax i mgvb Zv j GgbwK Zviv B mv ci M Z cö ek Ki j ZvgivI ZvB Ki e AviR Kiv nj n Avjøvni ivm~j! Zviv wk Bû`x I L óvb m úª`vq? DË i ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) e jb, Zviv bv n j Kviv? (eylvix I gymwjg) Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, me cökvi bkv`vqk wrwbm g `i AšÍf y³ Ges meai bi bkv`vqk e nvivg h e w³ BnKv j g` cvb K i Ges Zvi Af Í _vkve vq ZIev Kiv e ZxZ g Zz eiy K i Zvn j m cikv j kive cvb Ki Z cvi e bv A_ vr g` c Av Liv Zi GKwU weivu bqvgz _ K ewâz n e Ó Òivmyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Avgvi D Zi wkqz jvk gwnjv `i j¾v vb (m wzµ g ˆ`wnK wgjb K), ikgx Kvco cwiavb Kiv, g` cvb Kiv Ges ev` ev`bv K ˆea g b Ki e (eylvix) Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Avgvi D Zi wkqz jvk Aek B g`cvb Ki eb Ges Zvi bvgkiy Ki e wfbœ bv g Zv `i mvg b Xvj ev` hš evrv bv n e Avi MvwqKviv myi cwi ekb Ki e Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zv `i Kmn Rwgb awm q w` eb Ges Zv `i K wbk ó evbi I ïk i iƒcvšíwiz Ki eb (Be b gvrvn, Avey `vd`, Be b wneÿvb) Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, G D Zi g a fzwgam n e, gvbe AvK wzi wek wz NU e Ges cv_i e wó n e R bk mvnvex AviR Ki jb, n Avjøvni ivm~j! Zv KLb n e? ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) e jb, hlb MvqK MvwqKv, ev` hš Ges g` cv bi gz RNb Kv Ri mqjve n q hv e Ó (wziwghx) Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Mvb kvbv Mvbvn Mv bi Abyôv b hvm `Iqv cvc Ges Gi Øviv Avb ` Dc fvm Kiv Kzdix (bvbjyj AvIZvi) Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, Zvgiv ev` I Mvb kvbv _ K weiz _vk KviY GB `yõwu wrwbm AšÍ i bdvk A¼zwiZ K i hfv e cvwb Z YjZv Drcbœ K i Òivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ib, `yõ ai bi AvIqvR `ywbqv I Av Liv Z Awfkß my ii Zv j Zv j euvwki AvIqvR Ges wec `i mgq wejv ci AvIqvR (gymbv ` ev¾vi, evqnvkx) ÒBqvhx` Be b Iqvjx` e jb, n ebx DgvBqv! Zvgiv Mvb ev` _ K weiz _vk Kbbv Zv j¾v Kwg q `q, Kvgfve e w K i, AvZ gh v`v aÿsm K i Ges Zv gv`k`ª e i vjvwfwl³... Kbbv Mvb ev` e wfpv ii cöwz avwez K i nhiz RnnvK (in.) e jb, Mvbev` ab m ú` aÿsm K i, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv K Amš ó K i Ges AšÍi K webó K i (AvIqvwidzj gvõavwid) gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 6

`i m wdk n kixq Zi Av jv K Ôd i UªwWsÕ gydzx kv n` ingvbx ez gvb mgv R ekivz, Kg ms v bi Afve, Kg hvm Zvi k~y Zv m e vcwi gvby li jvf jvjmv e w i Kvi Y gvbyl ab m ú` AR bi ÿ Î mnrcš v Avwe v i e Í me `v AvaywbK cöhyw³i DbœwZ G Z hvm K i Q bzzb gvîv Gm ei my hvm wb q `wk we `wk gv ovqvix `ye Ëiv gvby li mnvq m ^j nvwz q wb Z A v w e v i K i Q w b Z b Z z b KzU KŠkj KLbI Zv GgGjGg c wz, KLbI AbjvBb wer bm wm g D Ïk Zv `i GKUvB gvby li jvf K Kv R jvwm q nvrvi KvwU UvKv nvwz q biqv GKRb gymjgvb, BnKvjxb RxebB Zvi gyl bq, cikvjxb RxebB Zvi g~j D Ïk ZvB Zvi BnKvjxb Rxe bi hvezxq Kg n e cikvjxb Rxe bi mdjzvi j ÿ cikv ji wnmve wbkv ki iæz c~y Ask n jv BnKvjxb Rxe bi Avq e qi GKRb gymjgvb Zvi ab m ú` wkfv e Avq K i Q, e q K i Q wkfv e (?) G cö kœi mwvk DË ii Dci wbf i Ki e Zvi cikvjxb Rxe bi myl kvwší ZvB cöwzwu gymjgvb bi-bvix K m ú` Avni Y mrvm ` wó ivl Z n e- Zvi m ú` AR bi c wzwu kixqz m Z wk bv? ez gvb mg q cöwzwbqz D vwez n Q AmsL e emv c wz gvbyli Zv wbwð ší m ú` AR bi jv f MÖnY K i Pj Q A_P GKRb gymjgv bi Rb c wzwu kixqz g Z ˆea wk bv Zv R b biqv LyeB Riæix m ú ª w Z b e D v w e Z e e m v c wzmg~ ni GKwU n jv d i UªwWs ez gvb we k hvi cöpjb Zz ½ ekvi hyemgv Ri cöpð RuvK Gi cöwz d i wer bm c wzwu kixqv m Z wk bv G wel q BmjvwgK wimvp m Uvi wbqwš Z K `ªxq dziqv wefvm I m Uvi di BmjvwgK B Kvbwg evsjv `k-g wjwlz I mivmwi Rvb Z P q Qb A b K ZvB G wel q mswÿß Av jvpbv wb q AvR Ki `i m wdkn d i UªwWs wk? d i UªwWs n jv AbjvB b wewfbœ cy I wewfbœ ` ki gy`ªv µq weµ qi gva g e emv Kiv hfv e Kiv nq d i UªwWs : wek e vcx Qwo q i q Q GB e emvi mv _ RwoZ eû Kv úvwb jb ` bi Rb i q Q wekvj AbjvBb gv K U Kv bv e w³ GB e emvq RwoZ n Z PvB j cö_ g Zv K Kv bv GKwU Kv úvwb Z wba vwiz A ¼i Wjvi Rgv K i GKvD U Lyj Z nq GKvD U Lvjvi ci GKvD U nvìvi Zvi Kw úduv i AbjvB bi gva g D³ gv K Ui hvezxq cy / gy`ªvi Ae vb `L Z cv e hvmv hvm vcb Ki Z cvi e µzv I we µzvi mv _ µq weµq Ki Z cvi e Kv úvwbi gva g Zvi w Œ b D vwmz mkj cy ev gỳ ªvi D jøl gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 7 h, GB gv K U g~jz µq weµq nq gy`ªv, cy bv g gvî hlb Kv bv ` ki gỳ ªvi g~j K g hvq ZLb Zv µq K i bq, g~j e w n j Zv weµq K i `q Gfv e AwR Z nq gvbvdv ev jvf GB n jv d i UªwWs qi gšwjk KvVv gv Z e Gi i q Q AmsL wbr ^ Uªvg GÛ KwÛkb kiqx ûkzg Rvbvi Rb we ÍvwiZ iƒc ilv D jøl Kiv AcÖ qvrbxq weavq cö qvrbxq Ask jv wb œ cö`ë n jv Kv úvwbi GKvD U Rgvi cwigvy Abycv Z GKvD U nvìvi FY myweav ev MÖvw U myweav cv e hvi Dci kz mv c ÿ mỳ cö`vb Ki Z n e Kv bv GKwU cy ev gỳ ªv µq Kivi ci Zv µzvi GKvD U Rgv n q Q g g w Œ b f m DV e weµq Ki j ZvI w Œ b `Lv hv e Zvi GKvD U _ K IB cwigvy gỳ ªv ev cy we qvm n q Q jvf n j Zv GKvD U Rgv nq, jvkmvb n j Zv g~j Rgv _ K KZ b nq GKwU gỳ ªv ev cy µq K i Zv weµq Kivi ci GwU K ejv nq, GKwU UªW m úbœ n q Q GKwU UªW m úbœ n j Kv úvwb wbw` ó nv i Kwgkb wb q _v K, GKvD U nvìv ii jvf nvk ev jvkmvb µqk Z gy`ªv ev cy GKvD U nvìvi K eyws q `Iqv nq bv ev

GwU Zvi D Ïk B bq eis µq weµ qi Zdv Z jvf jvkmvb eivei K i biqvb Zvi g~j D Ïk d i UªwWs Gi kiqx ûkzg : kixq Zi µqw eµq bxw Zgvjvi Av jv K wb œv³ Kvi Y GB Kvievi kixqz m Z n Z cv i bv 1 gỳ ªv µq weµ qi mgq Dfq cÿ µ Z v Ges w e µz v cö Z K cvi úwik c _K niqvi c~ e B wewbg q jb `bk Z Dfq gỳ ªvi Dci KeR Z_v KivqË Ki Z n e Avjøvgv Iqvnvev AvhhynvBjx j LbÑ (AvjwdKûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`jøvZzû 5/3662) (KeR ev cwrkb wdwrk vwj Z_v n v K x K x I n Z c v i A _ e v Kb ªvKwUf Z_v ûkgxi n Z cv i ) d i UªwWs q µq weµ qi ci Kv bv cökv ii KeRB cögvwyz nq bv D jøl h, ïaygvî jvf jvkmv bi fvi MÖnY Ke Ri Rb h _ó bq eis µqk Z gỳ ªv ev cy µ qi ci c _K K i µzv ev Zvi cöwzwbwa KZ K AvqË Ki Z n e 2 µq weµq mnxn niqvi Rb kiqx bxwzgvjvi iæz c~y Av ikwu w`k n jv wewµze cy ev gy`ªv we µzvi gvwjkvbvaxb _vk Z n e (AvjgvIm~Av Avj wdkwnq v 9/15) A_P AbjvBb gv K U we µzvi gvwjkvbv Zv `~ ii K_v AwaKvsk ÿ Î c Y i Aw ÍZ B _v K bv Dc iv jøwlz KviYmg~ ni Dcw wz Z Kv bv cökv ii µqweµq kixqv m Z n Z cv i bv Z`ycwi d i UªwWs q g~jz µq weµqb nq bv eis Zv ïay KvíwbK cöwµqvi gva g gybvdv AR bi mnr cš v Gi cq b bv Av Q cy bv Av Q gỳ ªv GwU KB ejv nq mvæv ev Ryqv hv kixq Z m ú~y nvivg d i UªwWs m ú K wek e iy dk xn Avjøvgv gydzx ZKx Dmgvbx mv ne (`v.ev.) Zuvi GK dziqvq D jøl K ibñ File C:\Users\Dhaka\Desktop\Fatwa2.jpg not found. gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 8

A_ vr Òwb œv³ Kvi Y D jøwlz c wz Z e emvwu kixqz g Z ˆea bq 1 Avgv `i Rvbv g Z GB e emvq hlb Kv bv ju µq Kiv nq ZLb µzv K D³ ju m ú~y c _K K i eyws q `Iqv nq bv ev µzvi Avq Z `Iqv nq bv ïay Zvi GKvD U wjwce K i `Iqv nq AZtci wewµ K i jvf n j Zv w` q `q, jvkmvb n j Zv KZ b K i bq mvi K_v n jv µqk Z ju KL bv µzvi Avq Z / Ke R `Iqv nq bv eis KvMRc Î j L `Iqv nq k l ïay jvf jvkmvb eivei K i biqv nq hv mvæv ev RyqviB bvgvšíi 2 D jøl h, gỳ ªv jb ` bi ÿ Î weavbmz Kivq Z i Rb GBUzKz h _ó bq h, gỳ ªvi g~j e w I n«vmrwbz jvf jvkmvb mswkøó e w³ enb Ki e eis Avq Z i Rb wewµz gy`ªv jv AwewµZ gy`ªv _ K m ú~y c _K K i wb Z n e AZtci µzv wb R A_ev Zvi cöwzwbwa Øviv Zv GBfv e KeR K i wb Z n e hw` D³ gỳ ªv Pzwi ev Ab Kv bvfv e bó n q hvq Zvi c~iv jvkmvb µzvb enb Ki e úó h, D jøwlz e emvq GB ai bi KeRB nq bv bv gỳ ªv c _K Kiv nq, bv µzv ev Zvi cöwzwbwa KZ K KeR Kiv nq Av iv D jøl h, kixqz g Z gỳ ªv Ges c Y i Ke Ri ÿ Î gšwjk cv_ K i q Q c Y i KeR Bkviv Bw½Z ev Kv bv wpý Øviv Kiv m e wkš gỳ ªvi ÿ Î hzÿy ch ší µzv ev Zvi cöwzwbwa KZ K KeR Kiv n e bv ZZÿY ch ší gỳ ªv wbw` ó n Z cv i bv 3 D jøwlz c wz Z µzv GK nvrvi Wjvi cwigvy Av`vq K i Aewkó cvibv evwk _v K Kv úvwb Gi Rb M vivw U cö`vb K i ev Í e Zv µzvib FY Ab w` K we µzv 2bs avivq D jøwlz bxwz Z KeRI K i bv d j Dfq cÿ G K Ac ii Kv Q FYx n q _v K we wbgq jb ` bi ÿ Î Dfqcÿ FYx n q M j Zv kixqz g Z ˆea bq 4 Kv úvwb µzv _ K h Kwgkb Av`vq K i Zv M vivw Ui wewbgq nq A_ev F Yi wewbgq nq DfqwU kixq Z ˆea bq Ó Pkgvi RM Z hym hym a i wel vz I wek Í gneye AwÞK vj Kv. GLv b AZ vaywbk gwk bi mvnv h Pÿz cixÿv Kiv nq cvbkvix I LyPiv `kx we `kx Pkgv myjf g~ j wewµ Kiv nq 12 cvuzqvuzwj ivw, XvKv 1100 dvb : 02-7115380, 02-7119911 13 MÖxb mycvi gv K U, MÖxb ivw, XvKv, 1215 dvb : 02-9113851 gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 9

gywndm mybœvn nhiz gvijvbv kvn Aveiviæj nk n x nvi`~qx (in.)-gi Ag~j evyx 1 nhiz (in.) e jb, cö Z KwU mybœv Z wzbwu kvb (Z_v gh v`v) Av Q, 1.AvRgvj 2. Avmnvj 3. AvKgvj A_ vr AwZ my `i, AwZ mnr, AwZ cwic~y hgb nvz ašz K i Lvbv LvIqv AvRgj Z_v AwZ my `i Kbbv cwi vi n jb mš `h m wó nq Avi wb Ri m yl _ K LvIqv Avm nvj A_ vr AwZ mnr Avi wemwgjøvn e j L j cwic~y Zv Av m Kbbv bqvg Zi cwic~y Zv ZLb n e hlb bqvgz `vzv K iy Kiv n e 2 nhiz (in.) e jb, hviv Øx bi wl`g Z wb qvwrz Zuv `i DwPZ AvKvwei `i wl`g Z hvzvqz Ae vnz ivlv hgb LyPiv e emvqx dwiiqvjv eo d v±ix _ K gvj msmön K i, Zvici Ab `i K mvcøvb K i GKw`K _ K biqv Ges Ab w` K `Iqvi e e v _vk j bd mi g a eoë eva Av m bv wkš ïay kvbl e b e m _vk j kqzvb AnsKvi Øviv gv_v bó K i `q nhiz nvkxgyj D Z _vbfx (in.) e jb, h wb R K gymzvwkj we¾vz Z_v ^qs m ú~y g b K i Q m gymzvwkj e`rvz Z_v m ú~y bó n q M Q 3 nhiz (in.) e jb, K_vevZ v Øviv hgb gynveÿz ev o, KziAvb cv Ki wzjviqvz h nzz Avjøvn cv Ki mv _ K_v ejv, ZvB KziAv b cv Ki wzjviqvz Øviv Avjøvn cv Ki gynveÿz m wó nq mv _ cöwz Aÿ i `k bkx Ges m wnmv e GK cviv wzjviqv Z jÿ jÿ bkx nq GK e w³ nhiz _vbfx (in.) Gi Kv Q wj Lb h, KziAvb wzjviqv Z gb jv Mbv nhiz (in.) DË i wj Lb, GK_v g b Ki Avjøvn cvk Avgv K Av `k w` q Qb h, Avgvi Kvjvg ïbvi Zv `wl, Kgb co Z cvi ZvB Avjøvn cvk K ïbv bvi Rb B cowq covi cyi vi wfbœ Ges eysvi cyi vi wfbœ hviv bv ey S cov K A nzzk g b K i Zviv nqz Rv nj (AÁ) A_ev e`øxb (c_åó) Ges ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Gi evyxi we ivwazvkvix KziAv b cv Ki nv dr ev Í e ivm~j (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Gi gnvb gyõwrhv Z_v Avjøvn cvk cö`ë beyiqv Zi mb `i wndvrzkvix hviv ivóªxq wmgvbv wndvrz K i Zv `i K hw` mikvix gvbyl g b Kiv nq, KziAv b cvk Z_v Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Kvjv gi nv dr `i K mikvix iÿx evwnbxi gh v`v Kb `Iqv n e bv? G cöm ½ nhiz (in.) e jb, KziAvb cv Ki wzbwu iæz c~y nk Av Q 1.m vb Kiv 2.ï K i wzjviqvz Kiv 3. KziAvbx weav bi Dci Avgj Kiv hw` 10 wgwbu K i `wbk `yb gvm mgq `Iqv nq Z e KziAv bi kã jv gšwjk fv e ï n q hvq e gvbyl hw` weï fv e KziAvb wklvi Kv R j M hvq, Z e Avkv Kiv hvq Gi eik Z bvrvz n q hv e Ges Avjøvn cv Ki `qv n e GRb h, e n qi Avgvi Kvjvg ï Kivi Kv R j MwQj 4 nhiz (in.) e jb, bv gvnivg gwnjv `i d Uv `Lv GRb nvivg h nzz Zvi Avmj `Lv nvivg h e i Avmj `Lv nvivg Zvi cöwz Qwe `Lv Rv qh nq w Kfv e? ZvB Uwjwfk bi gvmavjv GLvb _ K ey S biqv hvq 5 nhiz (in.) e jb, h e w³ KuvPv nq A_ vr AvZ ïw K iwb IB ai Yi e w³ A_ kvjx `i nv Z wewµ n q hvq A_ev gvljy Ki fq ev A_ jv fi Kvi Y wb Ri AvZ gh v`v Ges kixq Zi wbqgbxwz f½ K i Zvi GKwU Avðh bgybv Avjøvn cvk `vb K i Qb hgb GKwU KuvPv Kj m cvwb Wv jb Zv, `L eb Kj mi gvwu M j wm q Kj mi Aw ÍZ B wejxb n q hv e Avi hw` KjmwU Av b cvov bv nq Zvici cvwb fwz Kiv nq, Z e IB cvwb Kj mi Aw ÍZ K wejxb Ki Z cvi e bv eis Kjm wb Ri VvÐv Y cvwb K VvÐv K i dj e GUvB Av j g ieÿvbxi D`vniY whwb Avjøvn Iqvjv `i myne Z _ K AvZ ïw i gva g cvkv cv³ nb Gici Øxb cöpv ii Rb gvby li mv _ gjv gkv K ib, ZLb ÿwzi m ylxb nbbv A_ vr c` Ges cöwmw jvf Kivi gz Kvb wdrbv Zv K webó Ki Z cv i bv n K i Dci AUj _vkvi bqvgz Zvi bvmv j _v K Ges me ve vq Avjøvn c v K i m v _ m ú K i v L v i gvbwmkzvi Kvi Y Avjøvn cv Ki w` K ` wó _v K kl ch ší Ke i GUvB Kv R jvm e gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 10

gjd hv Z nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) nhiz Iqvjv dk xûj wgjøvz gydzx Avãyi ingvb mv ne `vgvz evivkvzzûg KZ K emyüiv gvikv hi Rv g gmwr ` QvÎ-wkÿK I mv jkx bi D Ï k Ges wewfbœ gvnwd j cö`ë mgmvgwqk gviqv qh I eqvb _ K msm nxz nhiz dk xûj wgjøvz (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) e jb, evsjv ` ki mgy `ª Rvqvi-fvUv Av Q G ` ki jvk `i Af vm I ^fv e A_ vr ewkkiy I KwgKi Yi cöeyzv Av Q KD Gev`Z e `Mx Z m`vme `v wb qvwrz Avi KD Gev` Zi av i Kv QI hvq bv nhiz nvmvb emix (in.) GK eyhy M i AvMg bi K_v ï b Zuvi mv _ mvÿv Z M jb hviqvi ci ` Lb eyhym mv ne Riæi Z M Qb Avi wzwb hlv b bvgvh Av`vq K i Qb Zv evjygq niqvq `Lv Mj wmr`vi v b nv Zi h Qvc c o Q Zv Z Av½yj duvkv GB Ae v ` L nvmvb emix (in.) IB eyhy M i mv _ mvÿvz bv K ib wd i Avm Z jvm jb Zuvi mv_x I gywi`my AviR Ki jb, ûryi! A bk Kó K i Zuvi mv _ mvÿvz Ki Z G m Qb Avi GLb mvÿvz bv K ib P j hv Qb Kb? nhiz nvmvb emix (in.) ej jb, Zuvi wmr`vq nv Zi Av½yj duvkv ` L hv mybœvz cwicš x mybœv Zi Ljvd K i KD eyhym n Z cv i bv ZvB P j hvw Q nhiz Iqvjv e jbñ igvrvb gv mi ing Zi w`bmg~ n Avgv `i wzjviqvz, whwki-avhkvi, `iƒ` kixd I Bw ÍMdv ii cwigvy e w c j Avgiv eys Z cvie, Avgv `i Dci ingz bvwhj n Q nhiz e jb, cö Z K fvj KvR I fvj v b Wvb K cövavb `Iqv Ges wb œgv bi KvR I wb œ v b evg K cövavb `Iqv mybœvz ZvB LvIqvi Rb I Wvb nvz e envi n e PvgPI Wvb nv Z aiv n e Kv iv Kv iv grv h GK ai bi cvkv _v K Wvb nv Zi Av½y ji mv _ Lvbvi h Ask j M _v K Zviv m jv m ú K weiƒc gšíe K i GUv mybœvz we Ølx niqvi cwipq enb K i nhiz e jb, Avgv `i hz AvKvwei K Lvbv L Z ` LwQ mevb K Lvbv LvIqvi mgq PvgP Wvb nv Z wb Z ` LwQ Avi Zuviv KvD K evg nv Z PvgP ai Z `L j KwVb ivmvwš^z n Zb nhiz dk xûj D Z gydzx gvng~` nvmvb Mv½ynx (in.) Gi kvmwi` mvnvivbcy ii Awaevmx GK gvijvbv m v ne ey b v K ib, gvrv n i Dj~ g wkÿkzv Kvjxb Avwg nhi Zi mv _ Lvbvq kixk wqjvg LvIqvi gvslv b Avwg evg nv Z cvwb cvb Kwi nhiz (in.) b ªZvi mv _ eyws q ej jb, evg nv Z cvwb cvb Ki Z bb, cvwb Wvb nv Z cvb Ki e Gi ci Av ikevi nhi Zi mv _ GiKg NUbv nq m evii nhiz (in.) b ªZvi mv _ eyws q w` jb Z Zxqevi hlb GiKg NUbv NUj ZLb nhiz (in.) Rv i GKwU _vào jvwm q w` jb Gi eik Z ciezx Z Avwg KL bv Lvbv LvIqvi mgq evg nv Z cvb Kwiwb KLbI fz j evg nv Z Møvm wb q wb j ZrÿYvr nhiz (in.) Gi _và oi K_v g b c o hz d j gy Li Kv Q hviqvi c~ e B Møvm Wvb nv Z G m hz mybœv Zi wbq Z Wvb cvk w` q nvu ji miqve cviqv hv e gymvdvnv Wvb w`k _ K Kiv DwPZ AvPvi e env i kixq Zi Lqvj ivlv PvB nhiz _vbfx (in.) Gi AwaKvsk K VviZv I ivm cö`k b AvPvi e env ii e wzµ gi Kvi Y nz GK_vi Dci mevb GKgZ h, kvwší Kv_vI bb wkqz myl I kvwší _vk j Zv gmwr`-gv`ivmvq Av Q wkqz wkqz Av jg (AbwfÁZvi Kvi Y) Kv bv Amyweavq co j we `k P j h Z Pvq A_P hlv b Z_v ms kva bi my hvm I cwi ek Av Q, mlv bb m myl kvwší cvq bv Avi hlv b Gmjv ni my hvm bb mlv b myl kvwší wkfv e cv e? nhiz Iqvjv e jb, AwfÁZv _ K ejwq, gmwr` gv`ivmvi cwi ek Qvov Kv_vI kvwší bb g Zz i e vcv i Kv iv nvz bb ZvB g Zz PvIqv wb la Z e nvqvz e w, nvqv Z eikz BZ vw` PvIqv hvq Avcwb GKRb Av jg n q gmwr` gv`ivmvi L`gZ Q o w` q e emv, we `k Mgb BZ vw`i w` K h Z Pv Qb, Avcwb wk KLbI wpšív K i Qb IB me Kv R Kj vy I DbœwZ n e Zvi Kv bv wbðqzv bb gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 11

eis ÿwzi AvksKv i q Q gv`ivmv gmwr ` wkqz Amyweav Av Q ZvB e j gmwr` gv`ivmv ev` w` q Av iv ewk Amyweav I ÿwzi w` K hviqv wk eyw gv bi KvR n e? nhiz e jb, gv`ivmvi me AvmvwZhv q Kivg hw` mybœvz wh `v Kivi gnbz K i ZLb gv`ivmvq Kv bv Amyweav I wdzbv dvmv` _vk e bv nhiz Iqvjv e jb, gv`ivmvq h Kv bv KvR Kivi mgq nkgz Z_v cwi ek cwiw wzi cöwz jÿ ivlv Dw PZ w kÿv we l qk K v RI nkg Z i Lqvj Kiv PvB ZiweqZg~jK Kv R Zv nkg Zi cöwz bri `Iqv Av iv ewk cö qvrb Kv Ri Øviv A b i Dci cöfve c o K_vi Øviv bq nü v, K_vi Øviv cöfv ei g a kw³ ˆZix nq gvikvhyj wdkwij Bmjvgx evsjv `k emyüivi Av`k I wbqgbxwz Abyhvqx wb R K cwipvjbv bv K i ïay emyüivi K_v ejvi Øviv cöfve m wó n e bv myj~k I ZixK Zi cw_k hw` cö_ gb gyl Pvjy K i d j ZLb Zvi Øviv gvbyl cöfvwez n e bv K_v Zv evzv m D o hv e nhiz _vbfx (in.) Gi AvLjv K cöfvwez n q LvRv Avhxhyj nvmvb grh~e (in.) wr Ám K iwq jbñ Kvi mš `h AvniY K i Avcwb my `i n jb, Kvi Y Avcwb Yvwš^Z n jb mv _ mv _B nhiz _vbfx (in.) Gi ReveÑ Avwg Avgvi kvql nvrx Gg`v`yjøvn gynv R i g x in. Gi KvQ _ K mš `h AvniY K iwq Avwg nvrx mv ne (in.) Gi Y Yvwš^Z n qwq nhiz e jb, eob Avð h i K_v, gv`ivmvi gynzvwgg mv ne I Ab vb AvmvwZhv q Kivg me `v Zv j e Bj gi ms kva bi wpšívq wpwšíz _v Kb A_P wb Ri Bmjv ni Kv bv wdwki iv Lb bv nhiz Iqvjv e jb, LvRv mv ne (in.) Gi Øxwb cwiwpwz ` L ZrKvjxb fviz Dcgnv ` ki RvZxq Kwe wrmi gyiv`vev`x cöfvwez n jb Zuvi Rxe bi MwZ cwiez b n q Mj wrmi gyiv`vev`xi cwiez bi wcq b Zvi wn Z I ` p B Qvi eo f~wgkv wqj nhiz e jb, gvbyl K h nzz `~e j K i m wó Kiv n q Q, ZvB gvby li me Kv Ri g a `~e jzvi GKUv Qvc _v K wn Z I B Qvi g a I `~e jzv _v K ZvIevI `~e j nq ZvIev Kivi ci Avevi Mvbvn K i e m GB `~e j `i Rb ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) K ingzzj wjj Avjvgxb evwb q cvvv bv n q Q ing Zi bex (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) Bikv` K ibñ Òhw` Kv bv e w³ Mvbvn n q hviqvi ci G ÍMdvi K i, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi Kv Q Mvbvn gvd Pvq Zv K MvbvnMvi wn m e MY Kiv n e bv hw`i m w` b mëievi IB Mvbvn K i e m nvrx Gg`v`yjøvn gynv R i g x (in.) g v kixd _ K nriz _vbfx ( in.) Gi Kv Q wpwv wjl jb, ej jb, hw` KLbI Kvbcyi gv`ivmv _ K Zvgvi w`j I V hvq ZLb Avgv `i LvbKvn-G e m hv e nhiz nvrx mv ne (in.) Gi _vbvfe bi LvbKvn 1274 wnrix gvzv ek 1857 Cmvqx m b eü n q hvq 1315 wnrix m b nhiz _vbfx (in.) G m Avev` K ib A_P ZLb nhi Zi bv Kv bv RwgRgv wqj, bv Ab Kv bv Avmeve wqj wkš nhi Zi GLjvm Iqvjv wn Zi eik Z LvbKvn Avev` nq GB LvbKvn Gi e `Šj Z nhiz _vbfx (in.) nvkxgyj D Z wn m e cªwmw jv f K i b w K q v gz c h š Í BbkvAvjøvn _vbvfe bi bvg evkx _vk e nhiz e jb, Z_v msk qi Ae vq eikz Av m bv BqvKxb Iqvjv wn Z _vk j eikz cviqv hvq GK`v nhiz gvijvbv Kv mg bvbyzex (in.) Avcb kvql nvrx Gg`v`yjøvn gynv R i g x (in.) Gi Kv Q PvKix Q o `Iqvi e vcv i civgk PvB jb Rev e nvrx m ne (in.) ej jb, GLb PvKix Qvo eb bv KviY, civgk PvIqvi Øviv eysv hv Q h, Avcbvi AšÍ i Z_v mskq Av Q GgZve vq Avcwb PvKwi Q o w` j wekí hw` Kv bv e e v bv nq ZLb Avcwb KwVb c ikvbx Z co eb Avi hlb mgq n e ZLb civgk PvIqv QvovB Ggwb ZB PvKix Q o w` eb gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 12

Òwmiv Z gȳ ÍvKxgÓ ev mijc_-6 gvijvbv gydzx gbm~iæj nk hym köô gydvmwmix b Kivg mk jb gvhnvecš x wq jb : c~ e v³ Av jvpbv I Mvq i gykvwjø` eüz `i Bgvg biqve wmïxk nvmvb mv n ei ^xkv ivw³i ci GK_v A úó _vkvi K_v bq h, Bmjv g ïiæ _ K AvR ch ší me hy MB D Z gymwjgv Kvb bv Kvb gyrzvwn` I ^xk Z gvhnve AbymiY K i Øxb ag cvjb K i Avm Q Z_vwc AvZ cökvwšíi Rb cvv Ki wl`g Z KziAv bi avik-evnk gydvmwmix b Kiv gi GKwU mswÿß ZvwjKv ck Ki Z PvB hviv ^- ^ hy Mi me kªô gydvmwmi I KyiAvb we klá niqv m Ë I gvhnve PZzó qi Kvb bv Kvb GKwUi gykvwjø` wq jb µ. bs bvg g Zz mb (wnrix) wkzve gvhnve 01 Bgvg Avey eki Avng` Be b Avjx Avj Rvmmvm 370 AvnKvgyj KziAvb (Zvdmxiæj Rvmmvm) nvbvdx 02 bmi Be b gynv ` 373 Zvdmx i mgik `x nvbvdx 03 Avãyjøvn Be b Avng` 701 Zvdmx i bvmvdx nvbvdx 04 gynv ` Be b gynv ` Be b gȳ Ívdv 952 Zvdmx i Avwem md` nvbvdx 05 Kvhx mvbvdjøvn cvwbcw_ 1225 Zvdmx i gvhnvix nvbvdx 06 BmgvCj nv x 1127 iæûj eqvb nvbvdx 07 wknveyïxb gvngỳ Avj~mx 1270 iænj gvõavbx nvbvdx 08 gvijvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx 1362 eqvbyj KziAvb nvbvdx 09 gydzx gynv ` kdx `Ie `x 1396 gvõavwidzj KziAvb nvbvdx 10 gvijvbv B`ixm KvÜjex 1394 gvõavwidzj KziAvb nvbvdx 11 Avjx Be b gynv ` AvZ Zvevix 504 Zvdmx i Zvevix kv dqx 12 ûmvbb Be b gvmd` emex 510 Zvdmx i emex kv dqx 13 gynv ` Be b Dgi (Bgvg ivhx) 606 Zvdmx i Kvexi kv dqx 14 Avãyjøvn Be b evbhvex 685 Zvdmx i evbhvex kv dqx 15 Avãyjøvn Be b gynv ` 741 Zvdmx i Lv hb kv dqx 16 BmgvCj Be b Avgi Av` w`gvkkx 774 Zvdmx i Be b Kvmxi kv dqx 17 RvjvjyÏxb gnjøx 864 Zvdmx i RvjvjvBb kv dqx 18 RvjvjyÏxb myq~zx 911 RvjvjvBb I Av``yiiæj gvbm~i kv dqx 19 gynv ` Be b Avng` wkiexbx 977 Zvdmx i LvZxe kv dqx 20 gynv ` Be b Avãyjøvn Av `vjymx 543 AvnKvgyj KziAvb gv jkx 21 Avãyj nk Be b Mv je 546 Zvdmx i Bebyj AvwZq v gv jkx 22 Avãyi ingvb Be b gynv ` Avm mvõavjvex 876 Avj RvIqvwniæj wnmvb gv jkx 23 gynv ` Be b Avng` Avj KziZyex 671 Zvdmx i KziZzex gv jkx 24 gynv ` Be b BDmyd Av `vjymx 745 Avj evniæj gynxz (Zvdmx i Avex nvbqvb) gv jkx 25 Be b Av `j Avex nvdm 880 Gi c i Zvdmxiæj jyeve dx Djygxj KziAvb nv ^jx 26 Be b ire 795 ZvnKxKz Zvdmxwij dvwznv nv ^jx gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 13

eo eo nv`xm wekvi`my wbw` ó Bgv gi AbymiY Ki Zb: ïay gydvmwmix b KivgB bb eis g y n v w Ï m x b K i v g h u v ` i Z vm-wzwzÿv I Kyievbx, gyrvnv`vi e `Šj Z nv`x m beexi mywekvj fvðvi AvRI ch ší AweKjfv e we` gvb ZuvivI Kvb bv Kvb gvhnv ei AbymiY K i Pj Zb Zuviv KD wb Ri jlv nv`x mi wkzve Abyhvqx P jbwb ev KvD K Bgvg ev` w` q Zuv `i wkzve Abyhvqx Pj Z e jbwb D`vniYZ: Bgvg eylvix, Bgvg gymwjg, Bgvg wziwghx I Bgvg Be b gvrvn ( iv.) kv dqx gvhnv ei Abymvix wq jb (AvZ ZvevK vz zk kv d B q vn 1/425-426) Zvnvex kixd cö YZv Bgvg Zvnvex (in.) nvbvdx gvhnv ei Abymvix wq jb Bgvg Avey `vd` I Bgvg bvmvqx ( in.) nv ^jx gvhnv ei Abymvix wq jb (gvõav idzm mybvb 1/82-83) Kx Avðh! GZ eo eo nv`xm wekvi`myi wbr wbr wkzv ei Dci Avgj bv K i Pvi gvhnv ei Kvb GK gvhnve AbymiY K i Qb Ggb wk Dchy ³ Kvb GKRb gynvwïmi wbr wbr wkzv ei f wgkvq GK_v e jbwb h, Zvgiv Avgvi GB wkzve c o c o Øxb cvjb Ki e eis Zuviv Øxb cvj bi D Ï k gvm Avjv gvmvbj I dvzviqv Rvbvi Rb jvk `i K gvhnv ei Bgvg `i kiyvcbœ n Z ej Zb D`vniYZ: wewkó gynvwïm nhiz BqvRx` Be b nviæb (in.) Zuvi wewkó kvm i` Bgvg Avng` Be b nv ^j, BqvnBqv Be b gycb, Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx, hynvbi Be b nvie I Ab vb wewkó gyn vwïmxb `i wb q GK grwj m e m wq jb, B Zvg a GK e w³ G m Kvb e vcv i Zv K dvzviqv wr Ám Kij wzwb ej jb, Avgv `i wbku Kb G m Qv, Kvb B jgiq vjvi wbku h vi Dcw Z kvm i` `i g a Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx cökœ Ki jb, Rbve! Avcbvi wbku Dcw Z GB wekvj e w³ Z i AwaKvixMY wk Avn j Bjg bb? wzwb DËi w` jb, bv, Avn j Bjg Zv Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi kvm i`my (Bikv`yj K vix 32) A_ vr wdkvnwe`my cök Z Avn j Bjg G K_vwU Bgvg wziwghx (in.) I Zuvi Rv gõwziwghx nv`xm bs 990 Gi k l D jøl K i Qb wb R `i Ávb I eyw we epbvi cöwz Av vkxj eüymy G NUbv _ K wb R `i K g K v Ð I c ` ÿ c m ú K cybwe epbv K i `L Z cv ib hv nvk, ejw Qjvg g ynvwïmx b KivgI Kvb bv Kvb gvhnve AbymiY K i Pj Zb Z e cökœ _ K hvq- Kb? Kb Zuviv wb Riv gyrzvwn` ch v qi e w³z niqv m Ë I wbr wbr nv`x mi wkzv ei Dci Avgj bv K i gvhnv ei AbymiY Ki Zb? Gi DËi fvize l me cö_g KzZz e wmëvni `im cöpjbkvix nhiz kvn IqvjxDjøvn gynvwï m `njfx (in.) Gi e³e _ K wkqzuv Abygvb Kiv hvq Òdzq~hyj nvivgvbbó MÖ š wzwb wj L Qb, Avgvi Lqvj wqj, Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Avgv K KziAvb nv`x mi h Bjg `vb K i Qb Zvi Av jv K ( Kv bv gvhnv ei ZvKjx` bv K i) wb R wb RB gvmavjv ei K i Pj Z _vwk wksev Avwg huv `i wbku nv`x mi wkzve c o G mwq huviv kv dqx A_ev gv jkx gvhnv ei Abymvix wq jb Zuv `i gvhnve AbymiY Kwi wkš Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi cÿ n Z Bjnv gi gva g Avgv K nvbvdx gvhnve gvb Z eva Kiv n q Q h, Ô n kvn IqvjxDjøvn fvize l i mvaviy gymjgvbmy mk jb nvbvdx, Kv RB GLv b Zvgv K nvbvdx gvhnve AbymiY Ki Z n eó `Lyb GZ AMva Bjg I cvwð Z i AwaKvix e w³ K ch ší wbr Bjg Abyhvqx Pjvi AbygwZ `qv nqwb GgbwK kv dqx I gv jkx gvhnve gvbvii GRvhZ `qv nqwb KviY G A ji gymjgvbmy nvbvdx niqvq wzwb hw` Ab gvhnve MÖnY Ki Zb Zvn j Zvi Bjg Øviv fvize l i gymjgvb `i Kv bv DcKvi n Zv bv gy nvwïmx b Kiv gi gvh n ve Abymi Yi Av ikwu KviY G-I h, hym I mg qi we epbvq Zuviv wq jb gvhnv ei BgvgMY we klz: Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi wkl wksev wk l i wkl ch v qi d j GK w` K Bgvgyj gvhnvem Yi Ávb-cvwÐZ I Øxbx L`gZ m ú K Zuviv wq jb mg K AeMZ, Aciw` K Zuviv Bjg AR b K i nv`x mi wkzvemg~n mskjb Kivi eû Av MB gyrzvwn` BgvgMY wb R `i wzc U msiwÿz nv`xm fvðvi _ K mviwbh vm ei K i wdkn mskjb K i i L w M qw Q j b K v R B G K R b gynvwïm K cövßeq niqvi ci me cö_g gvhnv ei Bgvg mskwjz wdk ni Av jv K Øx bi AbymiY K i Zvici gynvwïm n Z n q Q KD cªkœ Zyj Z cv ib Bgvg eylvix (in.) mskwjz mnxn eylvixi Kv bv Kv bv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 14

eve I wk ivbvg hv ÒwdKûj eylvixó wn m e cöwm Bgvg kv dqxi gvhnv ei wecixz jÿ Kiv hvq Zvn j wkfv e Zv K kv dqx ev gvhnvecš x ejv hvq Gi Reve nj, gvhnvecš x niqvi cvkvcvwk wzwb gyrzvwn ` gyzjk ch v qi e w³z I wq jb Kv RB ÿî we k l `jx ji wfwë Z Bgvgyj gvhnv ei wecixz gz cvly Kivq Zv K Òjv gvhnvexó e j cöpvi Kivi my hvm bb hgb Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi my hvm kvmwi` Bgvg Avey BDmyd (in.) Bgvg gynv ` (in.) Kvb Kvb gvmavjvq wfbœgz cvly K i Qb G Rb Zuviv Kx Bgvg Avey nvbxdvi Abymvix wq jb bv? Z e G KvRwU GKgvÎ gyrzvwn` ch v qi jv Ki Rb ˆea, h Kvb Av jg GgbwU Ki Z cvi e bv Ki j m Mvgivn mve Í n e ejwqjvg, gynvwïmx b Kivg wq jb Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi wkl wksev wk l i wkl GUv Kv bv gšwlk Kve bq wb Pi wpîwu jÿ KiæbkvRviv q gyevikvn: gynv `yi ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg) IdvZ: 11 wnrix (wkl ) Avãyjøvn Be b gvmd` (iv.) g Zz :32 wnrix (wkl ) AvjKvgv (in.) g Zz : 62 wnrix (wkl ) Beivnxg bvlc (in.) g Zz :96 wnrix nv v` Be b Avex myjvbgvb g Zz : 120 wnrix Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) g Zz : 150 wnrix Bgvg gynv ` (in.) g Zz : 189 wnrix Bgvg kv dqx (in.) g Zz : 204 wnrix Bgvg Avng` Be b nv ^j (in.) g Zz : 241 wnrix Bgvg eylvix (in.) g Zz : 256 wnrix Bgvg gymwjg (in.) I Bgvg wziwghx (in.) wp Î `Lv hv Q, Bgvg eylvix (in.) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi G Kev i bvwz cvzv ch v qi wkl eis wzwb AviI GKavc ciez x Í ii Avi Bgvg gymwjg I Bgvg wziwghx (in.) Zv Zuvi P qi wb Pi av ci wkl myzivs Zuviv gvhnve g bb eo n q Qb, gynvwïm n q Qb Ges KD Zuv `i wkzv ei g a gvhnve gvbvi weiæ Kvb K_vB e jbwb Avjøvn gvd Kiæb Dchy ³ Av jvpbv I wpî cö`k b Øviv Avgv `i D Ïk Kw bkv ji gynvwïmx b Kiv gi (Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv Zuv `i `vivrvz K AviI eyj ` K i w`b) gh v`v Lv Uv Kiv bq eis Gi Øviv bexhy Mi m ½ Bgvgyj gvhnve I Bgvgyj gynvwïmx bi mswkøózvi ev Íe Ae v Zz j aivb g~j D Ïk hv Z mijcövy gymjgvb `i ü`qmfx i gvhnv ei Bgvg `i mwz Kvi gh v`v c~e er RvMiæK _v K hv KwZcq Acwibvg`k x jvgvhnvex eüz `i PuPv gwp Z m ` ni Avei Y XvKv covi AvksKv `Lv w` qwqj, e Z! Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvB mz K D b vpb K i w` q Qb wbw` ó gvhnve gvbvi e vcv i D Zi BRgv I HKgZ : GK_v me Rb ^xk Z h, kixq Zi gšwj K I úó we wa- we avb I AvK x`vmz wel q Kvb Bgv gi ZvKjx` ev Abymi Yi cö qvrb bb wkš cªvwšík I kvlvmz A bk gvmvb ji ÿ Î h nzz KziAvb I nv`x m evwn K we ivac~y GKvwaK e³e cvihv hvq Avi `jxj cögv bi Av jv K evwn K we ivac~y GKvwaK AvqvZ ev nv`xm K mvg b i L Avgj hvm wm všíwu Luy R ei Kiv mk ji c ÿ m e bq,g Rb m mkj wel q Avgj Ki Z wm q Kvb gyrzvwn` Bgv gi gzvgz Z_v gvhnve MÖnY Kivi cö qvrbxqzv `Lv ` q g v h n v e M Ö n Y K i v i cö qvrbxqzv Ges kixq Zi cÿ _ K Zvi Aby gv`b eis Riæix niqvi welqwu Avgiv c~ e i `xn Av jvpbvq cögvy Kivi cöqvm c qwq GLb h welqwu Rvbv `ikvi Zv nj, Djvgv I dzkvnv q Kiv gi BRgv ev HKg Z i wfwë Z GK_v cögvwyz h, ez gv b Pvi Bgv gi gvhnve Qvov Ab Kvb gvhnve MÖnY Kiv ˆea bq myzivs Pvi Bgv gi gvhnve e ZxZ Ab Kvb e w³ Zv wzwb hz eo e w³z m úbœb nvb bv Kb Zvi gvhnve MÖnY Kiv BRgv q D Z A_ vr D Zi me ev`x w m v š Í i L j v d n e e v me m wzµ g Rvwqh bq G welqk wkqz Dw³ ck Kiv n Q- 1 MvB i gykvwjø` eüz `i gvb ei Bgvg, kvblyj Bmjvg Be b ZvBwgq v (in.) (g Zz :728wn:) Pvi gvhnve e ZxZ Ab Kvb gyrzvwn `i gvhnve gvbv hv e wkbv? G cö kœi DË i e jb, A_ : Gi wecix Z (Pvi gvhnve e ZxZ Ab Kvb gyrzvwn `i gvhnve bv gvbvi e vcv i) AvR BRgv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 15

cöwzwôz n q Q (dvzviqv Be b ZvBwgq v 20/584) Avjøvgv Be b ZvBwgq v (in.) Gi e³e Øviv cögvwyz nj, D Zi HKg Z ez gv b Pvi Bgv gi gvhnve AbymiY hvm 2 cöl vz nv`xm M elk I we kølk Bgvg hvnvex (in.) (g Zz :748 wn:) e jb, A_ : gvmavjv gvmvbj msµvší dvzviqv I Av`vj Zi dvqmvjvi ÿ Î Pvi Bgvg e ZxZ Ab Kv iv ZvKjx` I AbymiY wbwl Kbbv GB Pvi gvhnve c w_ex Z Qwo q c o Q Ges Zv wkzvevkv i mskwjz n q Q (dqryj Kv`xi 1/269 I 288) 3 HwZnvwmK Avjøvgv Be b Lvj`yb ( i n. ) ( g Z z : 8 0 8 w n : ) Z v i RMrweL vz MÖš Zvix L Be b Lvj`y b wj L Qb- A_ : G hy M Bmjv gi AbymvixMY GB Pvi Bgv gi GKRb K ZvKjx` (AbymiY) Gi Rb eiy K i wb q Qb (Zvix L Be b Lvj`yb 1/479) 4 wewkó dkxn Avjøvgv Be b byrvbg (in.) (g Zz :970 wn:) e jb, A_ : h gvhnve I gzvgz Bgvg PZzó qi wecixz n e Zv gymwjg D vni BRgv Z_v me ev`x wm v šíi we ivax wn m e we ewpz n e (Avj Avkevn-169) 5 fvize l i wel vz dkxn I wdk ni g~jbxwz we klá kvql Avng` gvjøv Rxq~b (in.) ^xq MÖš Zvdmx i Avngvw`qv Z wj Lb- A_ : Kej Bgvg PZzó qi ZvKjx`B ˆea n e, G e vcv i BRgv cöwzwôz n q Q Abyiƒc G `i wecix Z Kvb be gyrzvwn `i AbymiY ea n e bv (Zvdmx i Avngvw`q v c :346) 6 nhiz kvn IqvjxDjøvn gynvwï m `njfx (i.) (g Zz :1176 wn.) e jb, A_ : mskwjz I MÖš e GB Pvi gvhnv ei Abymi Yi eazvi Dci AvRI ch ší gymwjg D vn ev D vni MY gvb e w³e M i HKgZ cöwzwôz i q Q ( û¾vzzjøvwnj evwjmvn 1/286) Dch y³ e³e mg~n Øviv Rvbv Mj, Øxb gvb Z n j D Z K AvR Pvi gvhnve AbymiY Ki Z n e Gi evb ii Kv bv gvhnve gvbv n j muv n e BRgvi cwicš x hv A ea I bvrvwqh Ges úó Mvgivnx cökœ DV e Pvi Bgv gi gvhnveb hlb mnxn I AbymiY hvm Zvn j mkj wel q PviR bi GKRb K Kb gvb Z n e? h wel q hlb hv K Lywk Zv K AbymiY Kiv Kb ea n e bv? eüzmy! mwvk I MÖnY hvm niqv m Ë I Kb GKB m ½ mkj Bgv gi ZvKjx` ea n e bv ev wewfbœ wel q wewfbœ R bi AbymiY ˆea n e bv G e vcv i ZvKjx ` kvlmx ev e w³ we k li ZvKjx` cöm ½ B Zvc~ e Avgiv Av jvpbv K iwq Zvi m ½ GLb GUzKz R b ivlyb gvhnvemg~n mwvk I MÖnY hvm niqvi e vcv i hgb Pvi gvhnv ei g a Zv mxgve niqvi Dci D Zi BRgv cöwzwôz n q Q, Zgwb Abymi Yi ÿ ÎI Kvb e w³i Rb Pvi gvhnv ei ga _ K Kej h Kvb GKwU K MÖnY Kiv ˆea I GKvwaK gvhnve MÖnY Kiv A ea niqvi e vcv ii BR gv cöwzwôz n q Q Kbbv wecixzag x wm v šíi ÿ Î GKB m ½ GKvwaK gvhnve gvbv ev ÍeZvi wbwi LB hgb Am e Zgwb g bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx hlb h gvhnve g b Pvq AbymiY KivI wepvieyw I hyw³i Ljvd Kbbv kqzv bi mn hvmx bd m Av viv Z_v KzcÖe wëi AwaKvix gvby li Rb Zv n e cöe wëc~rvi nvwzqvi welqwu wb œewy Z wewfbœ Dw³i gva g AviI my úó n e BbkvAvjøvn 1 MvB i gykvwjø` fvb `i wbku MÖnY hvm e w³z Avjøvgv Be b ZvBwgq v (in.)e jb, A_ : ^v_ I cöe wëi AbyK j n j Zviv mb Bgv gi AbymiY K i whwb Zv `i ^v_ Abyhvqx welqwu bvrvwqh e j dziqv `b Avevi ^v _ i wecixz n j mb GKB e w³em Ggb Bgv gi AbymiY K ib whwb welqwu Rvwqh e j dziqv `b cöe wëi gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 16

Ggb jvmvgnxb Mvjvgx mkj Bgv gi g ZB bvrvwqh I A ea G RvZxq wel qi GKwU D`vniY nj, wb R cöwz ekx I `vex`vi n j cöwz ekx niqvi wfwë Z ÔïdÕAvi nkõ ea ejv Avi wb R µzv n j cöwz ekxi Rb ïdõavi nk A ea ejv Gfv e Luy R Lyu R cöwz wel q ^v _ i AbyK j gvhnve AbymiY Kiv Ges m Abyhvqx Avgj Kiv BRg v Z_ v mk ji HKg Z ˆea bv KviY GUv Øxb wb q LjZvgvkvi c_ Db y³ K i `q Ges wbr LqvjLywk Abyhvqx nvivg-nvjvj wbw` ó Ki bi c_ Ly j `q (dvzviqv Be b ZvBwgq v 32/100-101) 2 ez gvb we k i cöl vz dkxn gynvwïm Avjøvgv gydzx ZKx Dmgvbx (`vgvz evivkvzzûg) wbw` ó GK Bgvg gvbvi e vcv i D Zi HKg Z i K_vwU Gfv e e ³ K i Qb- A_ : g bi AbyK j ^vaxb gz MÖn Yi my hvm `qv n j cöe wëi Abymi Yi c_b Kej Db y³ n e, wbluv` kixq Zi AbymiY n e bv... wøzxqz: gvhnve jvi cöwzwuib i q Q wbr ^ g~jbxwz, Avg ji c wz I e e vcbv hvi wfwë Z mlv b Avgj Kiv nq d j `Lv hvq A bk gvmavjvb GKwUi m ½ AciwU A½v½xfv e RwoZ myzivs hw` Kvb GKwU weavb K MÖnY K i Zvi m úk hy³ Aci weavb K er b Kiv nq Zvn j gvhnv ei g~jbxwz I k Ljv e vnz n e Ges cöe wë Abymi Yi c_ m wó n e hv K cwifvlvq ZvjdxK ejv nq hv ˆea niqvi K_v KD Av `Š e jb bv...avi GKvi YB wbw` ó gvhnve Abymi Yi Avek KZv `Lv w` q Q (Dm~jyj BdZv c :63-64) 3 wel vz MÖš ÔwiqvRym mv jnxb cö YZv Avjøvgv beex (in.) (g Zz : 676 wn:) e jb, A_ : g bi LqvjLywk Abyhvqx ^vaxb g Zv h Kvb gvhnv ei AbymiY ˆea n j Zv gvbyl K cöe wë ZvwoZ n q gvhnvemg~ ni mnr myweavrbk I AbyK~j welq jv jy U bqv Ges nvivg-nvjvj, I Avek Kxq I ˆea welqmg~ ni ÿ Î g bi cq `mb wm vší MÖnY Kivi w` K V j w` e A v i G n b g b v f v e k i q x eva evakzvi jvmvg Aegy³ K i w` e myzivs Abymi Yi D Ï k wbw` ó Kvb gvhnve wbe vp b A v š Í w i K f v e m P ó n I q v AZ vek K (Avj gvrgyõ kiûj gynvhhve fzwgkv Ask 1/120-121) 4 nv d R nv`xm Avjøvgv hvnvex (in.) e jb, A_ :MvB i gyrzvwn` A_ vr KziAvb nv`xm I kixq Zi g~jbxwz m ú K AÁ, AbwfÁ I mí AwfÁ e w³i Rb wbw` ó Bgv gi gvhnve AbymiY K i Avgj Kiv Acwinvh (dqryj Kv`xi 1/269) 5 nhiz kvn IqvjxDjøvn gynvwï m `njfx (in.) e jb,. A_ : gymjgvbmy cö_g I wøzxq wnrix kz K wbw` ó Kvb Bgv gi gvhnve Abymi Yi e vcv i HK e wq jb bv A_ vr ZLb ch ší Gi cö qvrb `Lv hvq bvb wkš wøzxq kz Ki ci wbw` ó gyrzvwn `i gvhnvemg~n Abymi Yi cö qvrbxqzv `Lv `q..myzivs wbw` ó Kvb Bgv gi ZvKjx` ev AbymiY IqvwRe niqv eyw -we epbvib `vex (Avj Bbmvd c :68-70) Dch y³ cuvpwu e³ e i cö_g `ywu wbw` ó K i h Kvb GKRb Bgv gi gvhnve Abymi Yi ev ÍeZv I GZØ msµvší BRgv Zz j a i Q Avi ciez x e³e jv Zv K AviI Rviavi K i Zz j Q myzivs ez gv b gymjgvb `i Rb wbw` ó Kvb Bgv gi gvhnve AbymiY e ZxZ Kvb wekí bb Gi we ivwazvkvixi Rb i q Q KziAv b ewy Z Mvgivnx I Rvnvbœv gi kvw Í (myiv wbmv-115) Avjøvn wndvrz K ib Avgxb jlk : kvqlyj nv`xm I cöavb gydzx Rvwgqv ingvwbqv, gynv `cyi, XvKv gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 17

jvg Bm _ bx x A wz cö_g `wj j AvcwË: GLv b A b K AvcwË K ib h, Avjøvgv Be b ZvBwgq vi K_v K AccÖ qvm Kiv n q Q Kbbv, Avjøvgv Be b ZvBwgq vi K_vi D Ïk n jv, hviv Awb Qv m Ë I nvivg gvj K nvjvj gv ji mv _ wgwj q d j Zv `i ÿ Î G K_v cö hvr n e hgb, Kvb e w³ Kvb cy wkb jv AZtci Zvig a nvjvj Ges nvivg gvj wg k Mj G ÿ Î mkj gvj nvivg n ebv, eis nviv gi weavb nvivg gv ji g a B cö hvr n e cÿvší i Kvb e w³ Kv úvwbi kwik niqvi Rb Kv úvwbi kqvi µq Kiv Zvi P q wfbœzi ZvB G ÿ Î Be b ZvBwgq vi K_v cö hvr n ebv Zv Qvov Be b ZvBwgq vi GB K_v cö hvr n e IB mkj e w³i ÿ Î hviv nvivg gvj Z vm K i ZIev Kivi Rb ` p cöz qx hviv GB Dmyj K Aej ^b K i nvivg gv j RwoZ n Z Pvq Zv `i Rb bq (cªv ³) AvcwËi DËi: Kv úvwb h nzz cwipvjbv K i evw A e W v B i ± i G e s G L v b kqvi nvìvi `i jb ` bi e vcv i Kvb KZ Z bvb, ZvB kqvi nvìviiv ^ Qvq my` MÖnY K i Q Ggb Acev` `Iqv gykwkj we kl K i hlb kqvi nvìviiv myw` jb ` bi weiæ evw Ae WvB i± ii Kv Q cöwzev` Ki e G ÿ Î kqvi nvìviiv PvB ji myw` jb `b _ K weiz _vk Z cv i bv ZvB G ÿ ÎI kqvi nvìvi `i Awb Qvq my` Zv `i Av qi g a Avm Z Q Avi Avjøvgv Be b ZvBwgq vi K _ v i D Ï k I Z v B w Ø Z x q Z ZvIevKvix `i ÿ ÎB GB Dmyj cö hvr n e Ab Kv iv ÿ Î cö hvr n ebv Ggb K_v `wjjwenxb `vwe hv KL bv kqvi evrvi kixq Zi ` wó Z GKwU ch v jvpbv-4 gvijvbv gydzx Gbvgyj nk Kv mgx MÖnb hvm n Z cv ibv wøzxq `wjj: kixq Zi GKwU bxwz n jv hmkj ^í wbwl e _ K wbe Ë _vkv m e bq A_ev wbe Ë _vkv Kómva muv ÿgv hvm, gvby li mgm v K `~i Kivi Rb hgb ^í bvcvwk Ges mz ii ^í Ask Ly j M j Zv ÿgv hvm n`vqv wkzv e Av Q- Ab fvlvq ejv nqñ ez gv b AwaKvsk Kv úvwbi my `i wfwë Z FY MÖnY Ki Z nq KviY AvBbMZfv e GKwU Kv úvwb PvB jb mkj A_ wb Ri _ K w` q wksev kqvi Q o msmön Ki Z cv ibv eis wkqz A_ e vsk _ K FY MÖnY Ki Z nq hw` FY MÖnY bv K i Zvn j mikvi wewfbœ mg q Kv úvwb K Kvi Y AKvi Y nqivwb K i ZvB Kv úvwb A bk AcviM n qi FY MÖnY Ki Z nq e vsk _ K my `i wfwë Z FY MÖnY e ZxZ Kv úvwb cwipvjbv Kiv Kómva ZvB Kv úvwb e vs Ki mv _ AcviM n q h myw` jb `b K i Ges Zv h nzz Kg n q _v K ZvB GB Dmy ji Av jv K Zv ÿgv hvm e j cözxqgvb nq ( n`vqv e vl vmn L:1 c :203, 528, Avj gybzvk v L: 1 c : 62 Avj Avmûgyj gylzvwjzv c :902) wøzxq `wj j AvcwË: GB bxwzgvjvwu Av jvpbv Ki Z wm q Ijvgv q Kivg Ggb wkqz gvmavjv D jøl K i Qb hvi _ K mvaviy gvbyl eu P _vkv LyeB Kómva Gai Yi welq _ K euvpvi Rb gvbyl K eva Ki j gymjgv bi Dc i mgm v b g Avm e Ges mkj gvby li mv _ jb ` bi g a gvwmk Avj-Aveivi 18 msk Ui m wó n e wkš kqv ii g a Gai Yi Kvb msku bb mkj Ijvgv q Kivg GKgZ ^í wbwl wrwbm ÿgv hvm niqvi e vcv i, hlb Zvi _ K weiz _ vkv m e bq cÿvší i myw` jb ` b RwoZ Kv úvwbi kqvi _ K weiz _vkv gvby li c ÿ Kvb Am e I bq Ges G Z Kvb cökv ii msku m wó n ebv ZvB GB bxwzgvjvi Av jv K kqvi evrvi K Rv qr ejvi Kvb my hvm bvb Kbbv kqvi evrv i gvbyl wewb qvm bv Ki j Ggb Kvb msku m wó n e bv hv kwiq Z ÿgv hvm (cöv ³) AvcwËi DËi: kqvi evrv i hw`i gvbyl wewb qvm Ki Z eva bq wkš Kv úvwb wewfbœ AvBwb RwUjZvi Kvi Y A bk mgq my ` FY MÖnY Ki Z eva nq hv Avgiv Dc i D jøl K iwq Kv úvwb A bk mgq bv PvB ji Zv K wewfbœ cökv ii nqivwb we kl K i Zvi Dci mikv ii Kz-` wó Gov bvi Rb FY MÖnY Ki Z nq Kbbv hw` Kv úvwb FY MªnY bv K i, Zvn j mikvi Kv úvwbi Dci gvuv As Ki AvqK ii evsv Pvwc q w` e Avi cöpwj Z A vqk i h GKwU kvlbgyjk e e v Zv AwaKvsk dvk vnv q Kivg gz w` q Qb ZvQvov Zvi Drcv`b KvR cwipvjbv Kivi Rb Zvi Kv Q A bk mgq A_ _v Kbv Ges Zv K mỳ gy³ FY `Iqvi gz KD bvb ZvB m A bk mgq wbiæcvq n q e vsk _ K my ` FY MÖnY Ki Z eva nq h nzz Kv úvwbi Rb ÿî we kl my ` FY ˆea niqvi AeKvk Av Q, ZvB mb Av jv K kqvi evrvii Rv qr niqvi AeKvk Av Q we kl K i hlb kqvi nvìviiv my `i weiæ cöwzev` K i