2006,12(1) :49-55 Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,,,, (, 271018) 3 :,, 8901 N 120 360 kg/ hm 2, SN1391 N 120 240 kg/ hm 2, 360 kg/ hm 2,,, ; ; : ; ; ; : S5121106 : A : 1008-505X(2006) 01-0049- 07 Effects of nitrogen application rate on flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain growth and development of high2quality wheat CAI Rui2guo, ZHANG Min, DAI Zhong2min, TIAN Lei, WANG Zhen2lin 3 ( Key Lab. of Wheat Physiology and Genetic Improvement, MOA, Shandong Provincinal Lab. of Crop Biology, Shandong Agric. Uni., Taian 271018, China) Abstract : Using pool culture method, the effects of nitrogen rate on photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, kernel growing and developing characteristics as well as yield of two high2quality wheat cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate, sucrose content, starch content and kernel weight of strong2gluten wheat 8901 were getting lower with the increasing of N application rate in the range of N 120 360 kg/ ha1 These indexes of weak gluten wheat SN1391 had a positive correlation with the N application rate in the range of N 120 240 kg/ ha, but they decreased sharply when the N application rate increased to 360 kg/ ha1 In 120 240 kg/ ha1 Chlorophyll content of both two gluten wheat culti2 vars went up along with the increasing of N application rate, while it declined if N application rate was excess(240 360 kg/ ha). The results also showed that photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with kernel weight, but the correlation between chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate was not statistically significant. Key words : high2quality wheat ; nitrogen rate ; photosynthesis rate ; grain growth [1 ],,, [2-4, ], : 2004-12- 17 : 2005-04- 02 : (30270781) ; (2003-02- 05A) ; ( Y2001D12) : (1979 ),,,, 3
50 12,, 211,1, 21d ( 1 111 a b ( Triticum aestivum L. ) 8901 ( ),,, N240 > N360 > N120 ; SN1391 ( ) 215m, 21d, 215m, 116m,, SN1391, a b,0 20cm 1123 %, 01083 %, ; 52189 mg/ kg, 2613 mg/ kg, 36 mg/ kg :, N 120kg/ hm 2 (N120) ;, N 240 kg/ hm 2 (N240) ;, N 360 kg/ hm 2 (N360) 3,3, 240kg/ hm 2, a b, ( ) ;,, 8901 N 46 % [7 ] Frederick J. R. [9 ] [10 ] P 2 O 5 75 kg/ hm 2,, P 2 O 5 14 % ; K 2 O 120 kg/ hm 2,, K 2 O 60 % 2003 10 8, 25cm,, 18 10 5 / hm 2, a b,,, 112 (Pn) 7 14 21 28 35 42d 2, Pn 4 13 2, 7d,0 14d ( Pn ), 100, ; 14d, 20,10,10 Pn ; 8901 SN1391 20140 % 4117 %, 20,, 11155 % SN1391 Pn : Arnon [5 ] [6 ], Pn 7d 52182 %, 8901 96 % 48 h, 649 665nm 40115 % 8901, UV - 160A : 8901, Pn, 5, 7d, N120 > N240 > N360, 9 : 00 11 : 00 LI- COP LI- 6400 SN1391 120 240 kg/ hm 2, [7 ] ; Pn, [7 ] 2 ) a b,, 21d, a b, 8901,,,, 120kg/ hm 2 360 kg/ hm 2,, SN1391 212, SN1391 21d Pn Pn, N240 > N120 > N360
1, : 51 1 a b Table 1 The effect of different nitrogen treatments on the contents of Chl a and Chl b of high2quality wheat flag leaf Days after anthesis (d) Item Variety Treatment 0 7 14 21 28 35 a 8901 N120 2118 ccd 2133 bab 2127 bcbc 2117 aa 0149 dd 0110 cdc Chl a N240 2127 bbc 2149 aa 2143 aa 2120 aa 0138 ed 0115 cc (mg/ g, FW) N360 2134 ABb 2136 bab 2133 abab 2115 Aa 0165 cc 0106 dc SN1391 N120 2145 aa 2132 bb 2113 dc 2116 aa 1137 bb 0156 bb N240 2117 cdcd 2129 bb 2120 cdbc 2110 aab 1132 bb 0153 bb N360 2109 dd 2112 cc 2118 cdbc 1196 bb 1173 aa 0170 aa b 8901 N120 0177 cc 0192 bb 0191 cbb 0184 cbc 0119 dcd 0105 cc Chl b N240 0180 cbc 1101 aa 0199 aa 0192 aa 0115 dd 0102 cc (mg/ g, FW) N360 0188 bb 0196 bab 0196 ABa 0188 bab 0125 cc 0106 cc SN1391 N120 1105 aa 0196 bab 0188 bc 0186 bcb 0153 bb 0120 bab N240 0183 bcbc 0193 bb 0191 cbc 0186 bcb 0149 bb 0119 bb N360 0183 bcbc 0185 cc 0188 bc 0180 dc 0171 aa 0127 aa (Note) : 1 % 5 %, Mean followed by the different capital or small letters with2 in a column are significantly different at 1 % or 5 % levels, respectively ; the same as follows. 2 Table 2 The effect of different nitrogen treatments on the photosynthetic rate of high2quality wheat flag leaf Photosynthetic rate [ CO 2 mol/ (m 2 s) ] Cultivar Treament 0d 7d 14d 21d 28d 35d 8901 N120 18181 aa 22120 aa 20125 aa 10106 ABa 4173 Dd 0139 Ee N240 17170 bb 20150 bb 18130 bb 8123 Cc 4120 De 0168 Dd N360 16150 dd 19151 dc 18106 bb 7110 Dd 3137 Ef 0163 Dd SN1391 N120 17116 cc 18192 ed 14180 dd 9102 BCd 6156 Bb 2110 Bb N240 17176 bb 19188 cc 16160 cc 10150 Aa 8103 Aa 4129 Aa N360 16151 dd 18122 fe 13170 ee 8120 Cc 5170 Cc 1160 Cc 213 240 kg/ hm 2 21311, N240 > N120 > N360,,, 1, 21312 [11-12 7d, 8901 14d, ], SN1391 21d,, UDPG, ( ), 1,, 7d,, 28d, 3 1, SN1391 8901, 8901 ; SN1391 120 240 kg/ hm 2 8901, N120 >, 240 N240 > N360 SN1391, 120 360 kg/ hm 2,
52 12 1 Fig. 1 Effect of N levels on sucrose content in flag leaf and grain of high2quality wheat,, ( 8901 ; ) SN1391 N240 > N120 > N360 214, 8901 N120 70 %, 5 %, ( 3), 216 [13 ] 2, ( 3),, 7 14d,,, 35d, SN1391 8901,, 8901,,, 8901 ; 8901 N120 > N240 > N360 ;, SN1391 N240 > N120 > N360, ;, ;,, 215 SN1391, N240 > N360 > N120, N120 > 2, N360 > N240 ;, N240 > 7 14d N120 > N360, 1391, 28d
1, : 53 2 Fig. 2 Effect of N levels on starch content in grain and 10002grain weight of high2quality wheat 3 Table 3 Effect of N levels on yield and its structures of wheat Variety Treatment spike (No. / m 2 ) Kernels per spike (No. ) 10002kernel weight (g) Grain yield (g/ m 2 ) 8901 N120 48010 dd 4910 aa 4015 cb 95210 dd N240 69512 bb 4915 aa 3811 db 131210 aa N360 72610 aa 4717 bb 3717 db 130712 aa SN1391 N120 24610 ff 4915 aa 6015 aba 73610 ee N240 42410 cc 4419 cc 6213 aa 118516 bb N360 38610 ee 4715 bb 5918 ba 109610 cc 3 8901, 1), ( 3),,,CO 2, [14 ] [15 ], Pn, SN1391, 120, CO 2 240 kg/ hm 2 Pn, [15, ] Pn, ;, 8901, [8 Pn, ], Frederick J. R. [9 ] 2), [10 ] [10 ]
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