SMR.1751-56 Fifth International Conference on PERSPECTIVES IN HADRONIC PHYSICS Particle-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Scattering at Relativistic Energies 22-26 May 2006 J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Shin'ya SAWADA High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies Theory Group 1-1-Oho, Ibaraki Tsukuba 305-0801 JAPAN These are preliminary lecture notes, intended only for distribution to participants
J-PARC Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Shin ya Sawada KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan) May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 1
Overview Uniqueness of our accelerator complex. Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC Construction Schedule and Status May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 2
Overview Uniqueness of our accelerator complex. Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC Construction Schedule and Status May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 3
Accelerator Configuration Cascaded Accelerator Complex: 3GeV Rapid Cycling (25Hz) Synchrotron Hadron Hall (Slow Extracted Beams) Neutrino Beamline to Super-Kamiokande Linac Materials and Life Science Facility 50GeV Synchrotron May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 4
J-PARC: the High Intensity Frontier J-PARC aims for the high intensity frontier for materials/life sciences (3GeV), and nuclear/particle physics (50GeV) High intensity proton beam leads to high intensity secondary (neutron, meson, ) beam. The power (= Energy x Current) is a good measure. Neutron: from 0.16MW (ISIS) to 1MW K meson: 5 to 10 times more intense than existing BNL-AGS. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 5
Phase 1 & 2 The budget for about 2/3 of the entire project has been approved by the Japanese government from JFY2001 as Phase 1. Phase 1 (~151 billion Yen) consists of major accelerator components and a part of experimental facilities. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 6
Organization and Location J-PARC is a joint project between KEK and JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). J-PARC will be located at the Tokai campus of JAEA. KAMIOKA JAERI KEK TOKYO NARITA Feb 17, 2006 May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 7
Three Goals of J-PARC Materials & Life Sciences at 3 GeV Nuclear & Particle Physics at 50 GeV R&D toward Transmutation at Linac May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 8
Overview Uniqueness of our accelerator complex. Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility at J-PARC Construction Schedule and Status May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 9
Performance of the 50-GeV PS Numbers in red are design values. Numbers in parentheses are ones for the beginning of Phase 1. Energy recovery of the linac to 400 MeV is planned just after the completion of the Phase-1 construction in 2009. Beam Energy: 50GeV E Linac = 400MeV (30GeV for Slow Beam) E Linac = (180MeV) (40GeV for Fast Beam) Repetition: 3.4 ~ 5-6s Flat Top Width: 0.7 ~ 2-3s Beam Intensity: 3.3x10 14 ppp, 15µA Beam Power: (2 10 14 ppp, 9µA) 750kW (270kW) May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 10
Discussions on Physics at the 50-GeV PS Workshops NP01: December 2001 NP02: October 2002 Discussions for Letters of Intent NP04: August 2004 Discussions for full proposals Neutrino oscillation physics Kaon decay physics Strangeness nuclear physics Hadron physics Muon physics http://www-ps.kek.jp/jhf-np/np04/presentations/ Letters of Intent http://www-ps.kek.jp/jhf-np/loilist/loilist.html May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 11
Letters of Intent for 50 GeV Announce of LoI call : July 2002 Thirty LoI s were submitted by early 2003 Strangeness nuclear physics 6 Nuclear/hadron physics 7 Kaon decay physics 4 Muon physics 3 Neutrino physics 1 Future facilities 9 478 physicists with 2/3 from outside Japan. Committee meetings to evaluate the LoI s: Nuclear/Particle Facility LOI Authors Europe North America Japan Total # = 478 Asia Feedback to the facility design The full proposals: The first deadline was April 28, 2006! 16 proposals and 4 LoIs were submitted. The first PAC meeting will be held from June 30 through July 2. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 12
Slow Extraction Beamline (Phase 1) 50-GeV PS Switch Yard A-Line NP-HALL 56m(L) 60m(W) Split Point 2% Loss T0 Target 0.5% Loss T1 Target 30% Loss Plan to extend the hall downstream (~50m) in the Phase 2. Beam Dump 750kW May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 13
Slow Extracted Beams at the Hadron Hall May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 14
Slow Extracted Beams at the Hadron Hall The building is being constructed so that phase-1 experiments (LoIs) can be accommodated. K1.8 (and K1.1) has a higher priority for the day-1 exps. much higher K intensity than existing facilities. Major physics topics: Kaon decays Hypernuclear physics Hadron physics K - (1.8 GeV/c) (K -,K + ), S=-2 K + (0.8 GeV/c) K + rare decay K - (1.1 GeV/c) (K -,π - ), S=-1 May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 15
K1.8 beamline Most probable at Day-1 (the first day of the Phase 1) Some day in 2008 2009. High quality kaon beamline. Best suitable for hypernuclear study, especially of S=-2 systems, using (π, K), (K, π), and (K, K) reactions. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 16
Ξ Spectroscopy with (K -,K + ) KEK-SKS (Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer) expectation K + AEROGEL CERENKOV TOF SDC3 SDC4 LUCITE CERENKOV TARGET 1200 MeV/c 1100 MeV/c 0 1 m May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 17 BEAM 1.8 GeV/c E~ 2 MeV (FWHM) M HY - M A BL= 6 Tm ~6 events/day/mev for 50 msr, 2g/cm2-thick Pb ~20 days K -
K1.1/K0.8 beamline Another probable beamline at Day-1 (the first day of the Phase 1) People are trying to get funding also from agencies other than KEK (RIKEN, Korea, ) High quality kaon beamline with lower momenta. Suitable for stopped kaon experiments as well as K + decay experiments etc. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 18
Hadron Physics: Strange Meson Implantation K - + 4 He K - pnn/p + p/n @ KEK-PS Theory by Y. Akaishi, et al. normal 3 He ρ center = ~ ρ 0 ρ center = ~10 ρ 0 T. Suzuki et al., NPA 754 (2005) 374. ρ center = ~20 ρ 0 production of dense nuclear matter which can correspond to neutron starts. Study of dense matter will be continued to J-PARC May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 19
K0 beamline 0 0 Beamline specifically designed for K π νν. Shielding is designed so that this experiment can be accommodated. A prototype experiment has been done at KEK-PS. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 20
CP violation in K L π 0 νν _ Most important rare decay channel in the J-PARC era Direct CP violation in FCNC process Clean measurement of Im(V td ) ~ η Clear test of the Standard Model Clue for new physics in comparison with B physics Experiments E391a :10-9 -10-10 KOPIO :10-12 J-PARC : < 10-13 (50 events) (100? events) Unitarity relation V ud V ub* + V cd V cb* + V td V tb* =0 Standard Model prediction BR (K L π o ν ν ) = 6 κ 1 Im(V td V ts ) 2 X 2 (x t ) = 1.94 10-10 η 2 A 4 X 2 ~3 x 10-11 Determination of η 10% precision May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 21
High momentum beamline Not day-1, but I (we) expect early realization. Primary protons and high mom. 2ndary beams. Foreign colleagues are interested in experiments at this beamline. Issues: Budget. Development of equipments at the separation point. Utilities (electric power and cooling water). May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 22
Hadron Physics: Sea Quark at Large x Bj Direct investigation of quark-gluon multibody system Proton beams (50 GeV) +hydrogen/deuterium target+dimuon ( Drell-Yan process) spectrometer dbar/ubar (flavor asymmetry) at large x Anti quark PDF in A Quark energy loss in A PDF in large x Future: Drell-Yan and J/ψ with polarized beam 800 GeV Protons Hadron Absorber May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 23
Vector Meson Modification in Nuclear Matter KEK-PS E325: PRL 96 (2006) 092301 Improve KEK-PS E325 thin target / primary beam (10 9 ~10 10 ppp)/ slowly moving mesons Main goal : collect 10 4 ~10 5 φ ee for each target in 100 shifts 10-100 times as large as E325 velocity dependence of 'modified' component new nuclear targets : proton (CH 2 -C subtract), Pb narrow width -> sensitive to modification free from ω ρ interference ω, ρ and J/ψ can be collected at the same time higher statistics of ω, ρ than E325 with different A targets 100-1000 J/ψ are expected in 50GeV operation Normal nuclear density (p+a) but also high matter density (A+A, ~20GeV/u) in the future Electron Pair Spectrometer Tracking Device Drift Chamber GEM(Gas electron multiplier): strip readout Two-stage Electron ID Gas Cherenkov: PMT+2 mirrors GEM+CsI photocathode: pad readout Leadglass EMC ~30K Readout Channels (in 20 units) E325: 3.6K, PHENIX:~300K Cost : ~$5M (including $2M electronics)
PQ2A 1. 92 d eg. bend 1. 92 d e g. ben d PC4 P C3 PC2 PC 1 PQ5 14186.5 13978.6 33800 5300 16300 アーク中心 x=49650.877m, y=69450.356 6363.4 FQ1 FV1 179.92 FH1 FQ3 FH2 FVD1 Neutrino Facility サスペンション型クレーン (20t x 2) 引き出し基準点 x=49615028.58, y=69561283.94 PD1 PH2 PH1 PQ3PQ1 PH3 PQ4 PV2 PV1 PD2 ニュートリノ ビームライン 6164.5 8571 20800 21x16.5=346.5m2 17000 21x5.5=115.5m2 11800 R107700 R106400 R104433.5 R100400 R99600 遮蔽扉, 気密扉 ( 気密は地上開口部で取ってもよい ) サブトンネル DE ロス ポイント ( 最大で 250W) サブトンネル D 7550 アラインメント用穴 T1 7000 20800 21x12=252m2 アラインメント用穴 T2 FQ2 ビーム振り下げ 34.0 9.7 FQ4 25800 15800 34x16=544m2 20t クレーン 2 基 inward beam extraction proton line with SC combinedfunction magnets variable off-axis angle between 2-3 degrees 130m long decay section a near detector at 280 m another detector planned at 2km FVD2 FVD2 May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 25
T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) Neutrino Experiment Status of ν oscillation and neutrino mass: Atmospheric ν experiments (SK ) discovered neutrino oscillation and thus finite masses of neutrinos. K2K ν µ disappearance experiment confirmed the existence of the neutrino oscillation with man-made neutrinos. Super-K: 50 kton Water Cherenkov Phase2: Hyper-K? Motivations of T2K (Tokai to Kamioka): ~1GeV ν µ beam ( 100 of K2K) Precise measurement of disappearance ν µ to ν x. Discovery of ν e appearance: High flux of ν µ enables us to observe it. Flux (ν µ ) at the 50 GeV PS > 100 x Flux (ν µ ) at KEK 12 GeV PS Future upgrade towards CP violation in the lepton sector J-PARC 0.75MW 50GeV PS Phase2: 4 MW? May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 26
Hadron Physics Drell-Yan, J/Psi production structure at large x Many Many Many Many of of of of the the the the issues issues issues issues can can can can be be be be studied studied studied studied at at at at J J- J PARC! PARC! PARC! PARC! Neutrino scattering s if if if if once once once once the the the the facility facility facility facility is is is is well well well well prepared prepared prepared prepared through through through through the the the the plan. plan. plan. plan. π, K scattering Hypernuclei formation via π, K beams Spectroscopy with π and K beams Chiral perturbation theory via K decays Vector meson modification in matter May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 27
Overview Uniqueness of our accelerator complex. Nuclear and Particle Physics at J-PARC Construction Schedule and Status May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 28
Construction Schedule & Commissioning (Phase-1) May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 29
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 30
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 31
From Linac to 3 GeV From 3 GeV to Materials and Life 3 GeV Extraction Point Middle of Linac Tunnel Neutrino Tunnel Tunnel Tour Upstream of 50 GeV Tunnel Linac May Tunnel 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 32
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 33
Scenes of Construction Linac Area 3 GeV Area May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 34
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 35
Scenes of Construction Neutron source being prepared May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 36
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 37
Scenes of Construction 50 GeV Area May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 38
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 39
Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 40
Hadron Experimental Hall Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 41
Hadron Experimental Hall Scenes of Construction May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 42
Summary J-PARC will be the highest intensity accelerator complex of the GeV and ten-gev energy regions in the world. The major aims are materials and life sciences by the 3-GeV synchrotron, nuclear and particle physics by the 50-GeV synchrotron, and R&D for nuclear transmutation technology by the linear accelerator. The phase-1 construction began 2001, and will be completed in 2008. There is a wide variety of physics possibilities. Hadron physics, including Drell-Yan and quarkonium production, vector mesons etc. at the slow extracted facility. Neutrino beam Etc. etc. May 26, 2006 Shin'ya Sawada @ ICTP, Trieste 43