Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul L, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 24 THE ASSOCIATION ANTHOXANTHO-AGROSTETUM CAPILLARIS SILLINGER 1933, FROM THE RIVER SUCEAVA BASIN C. V. TOMESCU *, T. CHIFU ** Abstract: According to the researches carried out between 22-23, in some regions of the river Suceava basin were identified and studied phytocoenoses of the association Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933. They were analysed in terms of their structure and composition as well as according to the spectres of their bioforms, to the phytogeographic elements or H. Ellenberg s ecological indexes. The resulting distributions are similar to those of other studies regarding phytocoenoses of the same association. Mention must be made of the hemicryptophite character of the flora, as well as of the prevalance and the European elements. Key words: Surveys, abundance-dominance, hemicryptophites, amphitolerant species, pastoral value. This association was noticed and described for the first time in the basin of the river Suceava by M. Răvăruţ et al. [15] by the name of Anthoxanthum odoratum association, being localized in the village Gura Putnei comuna Putna. Subsequently it was identified by D. Mititelu et al. [13] and T. Chifu and N. Ştefan [Chifu T. et al., 1988], in a few other places in the same basin. Our researches between 22-23 led to the identification of this association in numerous stations. Here we only selected the most representative surveys. The phytocoenoses of this association occupy flat or almost flat plots of land (table I), with an inclination of 1 degrees, at an altitude of 65-8 m. The predominant exposition is southern and eastern, and the arborescent layer covers 8-1 % of the surfaces. The phytocoenoses of this association comprise a relatively great number of species (118 species), depending mainly on the trophicity and humidity of the soil. The average of the number of species in each survey around 47 species. The caracteristic species Anthoxanthum odoratum, although not presenting an extreme value of abundance-dominance, does nevertheless have maximum constancy. As far as the flora is concerned, over 55% of the species belong to the cenotaxonomic unities of the class of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. In warmer and drier stations, one can also find species that are characteristic to the class of Festuco-Brometea (18 species). * Ştefan cel Mare University, Faculty of Forestry, Suceava, Romania ** Al. I. Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Iaşi, Romania 123
Table I As. Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933 No. of the survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Altitude (m.s.m.) 79 79 79 7 7 77 8 79 68 Exposition S - S - - E - - - Angle of slope (degrees) 5 5 1 K Covering (%) 95 1 9 1 1 1 9 8 1 Surface (m 2 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No. of species 45 38 52 53 45 35 48 44 67 Ass. Charact. Anthoxanthum odoratum + + + + + + + + 1 V Cynosurion Trifolium repens 1 + + + + + + + 1 V Prunella vulgaris + + + - - + - - - III Cynosurus cristatus + - + - + - + - 1 III Phleum pratense 1 + - + + 1 + + + V Leontodon autumnalis + - - + + + - - - III Plantago major - + - - - - - - + II Lolium perenne - - - - - - - - + I Bellis perennis - - - - - - - - + I Arrhenatherion Campanula patula + + + + + - + + + V Crepis bienis + + + + + - + + 1 V No. of the survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K Centaurea phryria + + + - - + + 1 + IV Arrhenatherum elatius - - - 2 1 1 1 1 + IV Eryngium planum - - - - - - - - 1 I Daucus carota - - - - - - - - + I Polygono-Trisetion Gladiolus imbricatus + - + - + + - - + III Trisetum flavescens - - - - - - - - + I Alchemilla vulgaris + + + - - - 1 1 + IV Trollius europaeus - - + + - - + + + III Polygomum bistorta - - - - - - - - + I Arrhenatheretalia Dactylis glomerata 1 2 1 + + + 1 + 1 V Holcus lanatus + + 1 + + 1 - - 1 IV Stellaria graminea + + - + + - + + + IV Briza media + - + - + + - - + III Leucanthemum vulgare + + + + + + + + + V Rumex acetosa + + - + + + + - + IV Lotus corniculatus + + + + + + 1 + + V Campanula glomerata + - + + + - - - - III Achillea millefolium + + + + - - + + + IV Leontodon hispidus + 1 2 + 2 - + - - IV Carum carvi - - + - - - + + + III Thymus pulegioides - - + + + - + + - III Molinietalia s.l. Gentiana pneumonanthe + + - + - - - - - II Filipendula ulmaria - + + - - - - - + II 124
Lychnis flos-cuculi + - - - - + - - + II Colchicum autumnale - - + - - - - - + II Juncus effusus - - - - - - - - + I Caltha palustris - - - - - - - - + I Lythrum salicaria - - - - - - - - + I Sanguisorba officinalis - + - - - - - - - I Betonica officinalis - - - + + + - - - II Gymnadenia conopsea - - - - - - + + - II Myosotis scorpioides - + - - - - + + - II Potentillo-Polygonetalia s.l. Juncus compressus + - - - - - - - + II Rumex crispus - + - + - - + - + III Festuca pratensis + + + - - + - + - III Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Agrostis capillaris 3 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 3 V Trifolium pratense + 1 1 1 + + + + + V Centaurea jacea + + - + + + - + + IV Festuca rubra + + + + + - - - - III Rhinanthus minor 1 + + 1 1 + + + + V Linum catharticum + - - + + - - - - II Plantago lanceolata + + + + + - + + - IV Polygala vulgaris - + + + + - - - + III Vicia cracca - + + + - - + + - III Ranunculus acris + - + + + - + - + IV Thymus dacicus - - + - - - - - - I No. of the survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K Polygala comosa - - + - + - - - + II Viola canina - - - + - - + + + III Taraxacum officinale - - + - - - - + - II Euphrasia officinalis ssp. pratensis - - - + + - + - + III Cerastium holosteoides - - - - - + - - + II Lathyrus pratensis - - - - - + + - + II Tragopogon pratensis ssp. orientalis - - - - - + - + + II Primula veris + - + + - - - + - III Carex hirta - - + - - - - - - I Veronica chamaedrys + - + - - - + + + III Traunsteinera globosa - - + - - - - + + II Poa trivialis - - - - - + + - - II Orchis morio - - - - - + - - - I Knautia arvensis - - - - + - - - + II Festuco-Brometea s.l. Plantago media + - - - - - + - + II Galium mollugo + + + - - - - - - II Trifolium pannonicum + - - + + - + + + IV Ferulago sylvatica + - + - - - - - - II Filipendula vulgaris - - + + - + - - + III Trifolium montanum - - + + + - - - + III Pimpinella saxifraga - + + + + - + - + IV Anthyllis vulneraria - - + - - - - - - I 125
Ranunculus polyanthemos ssp.polyanthemoides - + - + - + - + - III Silene italica - - - + - - - - - I Dianthus campestris - - - + + - - - - II Carex liparocarpos - - - + - + + - - II Trifolium alpestre - - - - + + + + + III Achillea setacea - - - - + - - - - I Hieracium echioides - - - - + - - - + II Brachypodium pinnatum - - - - - + - - - I Hypochaeris radicata - - - - - - + 1 - II Galium verum - - - - - - + + + II Companions Hypericum montanum + + - - - - - - - II Cruciata glabra + + + + - - - - + III Petasites hybridus + - + - - - - - - II Luzula campestris + - - + - - + - + III Peucedanum oreoselinum + - - + + - - - + III Bunias orientalis + - - + + - - + - III Conium maculatum - + - - - + - - - II Carex flava - + - - - - - - - I Rumex acetosella - - + - - - - - + II Campanula persicifolia - - + + - - - - - II Carlina acaulis - - + + + - + + + IV Equisetum arvense - - + - - - - - - I Cruciata laevipes - - + - - - - - - I Cuscuta europaea - - + - - - - - - I No. of the survey 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K Tanacetum corimbosum - - - + + - - - + II Potentilla erecta - - - + - + + - + III Hypericum perforatum - - - + + + + + - III Knautia longifolia - - - + - - - - - I Myosotis alpestris - - - + + - - - - II Salix capraea - - - - - + - - - I Heracleum sphondylium - - - - - - + + + II Campanula serrata - - - - - - + - - I Polygala amara - - - - - - + - - I Urtica dioica - - - - - - + - - I Phyteuma spicatum - - - - - - - + + II Luzula luzuloides - - - - - - - + - I Vicia sepium - - - - - - - + - I Lilium martagon - - - - - - - + - I Localization and date of making the surveys: 1, 2, 3 the Sadău river clearing for game (29.6.23); 4, 5 the Sadău river the chalet of Sadău (14.6.22); 6 the Ploşci-Sadău Hill (1.7.23); 7, 8 the Sadău river the clearing of Lungu, at the frontier of Ukraine (2.7.23); 9 Straja (15.6.22); Analysing the spectre of bioformes (Fig. 1), one can notice the great percentage of hemicryptophites, 76.7 % of the total of the identified species, thus corroborating the general characteristics of the pastoral phytocoenosis. 126
H 76,7% H G Ht T Ch Ph Ph,85% Ch T 1,71% 3,42% Ht 7,69% G 1,26% Fig. 1. The spectre of the bioforms of the association Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933 Mention must be made of the important participation of geophyte species as well (1.26 %), along with the terophytes and hemiterophytes (T + Ht = 11.11 %). The spectre of the phytogeographic elements (Fig. 2) is dominated by the Euroasian element which covers almost half the species (47.86 %), but the European (19.66 %) and the Central-European elements (8.55 %) contribute with their share, all these elements amounting to 76.7 %, which corresponds to the European character of the flora that is the subject of our study. Euras. Eur. Centr. eur. Cosm. Cont. euras. Pont. Alp.-carp. End. Carp. Circ. Cont. euras. Pont. Alp.-carp. End. Carp. Cosm. 5,98% 4,27% 3,42%,85%,85% Medit. 7,69%,85% Centr. eur. 8,55% Eur. 19,66% Euras. 47,86% Fig. 2. The spectre of the phytogeographic elements of the association Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933 The analysis of the spectre according to the ecological index according to H. Ellemberg, (L, T, K, F, R, N), emphasizes different ecological and corrological aspects of the entire association aspects in close interconnection with the preferences of all the species for different factors (1,11). After this analysis, we drew the following conclusions: -As far as the analysis of the preference for light of the species is concerned (Fig. 3), the best represented are the half-light species; 127
- Analysing the preferences of the species for temperature (Fig. 4), we found out that the greatest proportion belong to the indifferent species; the second greatest belong to the species characteristic to the temperate areas (mezothermic); 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 categoriile indicelui L categoriile indicelui T Fig. 3. Distribution of the species in relation to light (L) Fig. 4. Distribution of the species in relation to temperature (T) - Regarding the continentality of the species (Fig. 5), the greatest proportion is represented by the species preferring the oceanic climate and suboceanic climate, as well as the intermediary subcontinental climate category; 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 12 x? categoriile indicelui K categoriile indicelui F Fig. 5. Distribution of the species in relation to continentality (K) Fig. 6. Distribution of the species in relation to the moisture content of the soil (F) - Regarding the preferences of species for the moisture content of the soil (Fig. 6), the category of the euriphile species (amphitolerant, indifferent) is relatively well represented, but the greatest proportion belongs to the mezoxerophile species; - Analysing the distribution of the species in relation to their preferences for the reaction of the soil (Fig. 7), most of them are amphitolerant species - the other categories are rather unevenly distributed, better represented being the neutrophile species; - Regarding the distribution of the species in relation to the amount of nitrogen available in the soil (Fig. 8), the best-represented category is that of the eurinitrophile (amphitolerant) species, naturally distributed from the intermediary category between the meganitrophile and nitrophile species to the category of the extremely-oligonitrophile category. 128
6 2 5 4 3 2 1 15 1 5 categoriile indicelui R categoriile indicelui N Fig. 7. Distribution of the species in relation to the reaction of the soil (R) Fig. 8. Distribution of the species in relation to the amount of nitrogen available in the soil (N) For the phytocoenoses of this association we established the real phytomass (by means of the measurements on spot and in the laboratory) and the potential viability, by means of theoretical calculi that take into account the present species, their participation, the folder value of species as well as the index of covering of the vegetation. The gravimetric determinations indicate relatively reduced amounts of the phytomass, the graminaceae and the leguminous plants having the greatest share (table II). Values of the phytomass (gr/m 2 ) in the phytocoenoses of the association Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933 Economic Surveys Average % groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 7, 8 Graminaceae 85,7 62,4 44, 5, 6,5 4, Leguminous 39,5 25,8 51,8 26,2 35,8 23,6 Ciper. + Junc. 1,9 1, 2,1 1,3 1,6 1, Miscellaneae 45,4 64,6 49,1 56,2 53,8 35,4 Total 172,5 153,8 147, 133,7 151,7 1 Table II As far as the potential viability is concerned, the calculus proves that the pastures under study range between medium and good (table III), having an average potential productivity of 262.5. To this correspond a pastoral value of 2.63 and a coefficient of viability of.6. According to these, the pastures range with the good category. Table III Potential productivity and corresponding pastoral categories of some of the phytocoenoses of the association Anthoxantho-Agrostetum capillaris Sillinger 1933 Survey Potential Viability Productive Pastoral value productivity coefficient areas Pasture categories 1 292,6 2,78,6 6 good 2 333,8 3,34,7 7 good 129
3 254, 2,29,5 5 medium 4 263,6 2,64,6 6 good 5 177,6 1,78,4 4 medium 6 314,4 3,14,7 7 good 7 311,8 2,81,6 6 good 8 26,2 1,65,4 4 medium average 262,5 2,63,6 6 good BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. BELDIE Al. 1977-1979. Flora României Determinator ilustrat al plantelor vasculare. Edit. Acad. R.S.R., I- II, Bucureşti 2. BURDUJA C., DOBRESCU C., GRÂNEANU A., RĂVĂRUŢ M., CĂZĂCEANU I., BÂRCĂ C., RACLARU P., TURENSCHI E. 1956. Contribuţii la cunoaşterea pajiştilor naturale din Moldova sub raport geobotanic şi agroproductiv. St. şi Cerc. Şt., Biol. Şt. Agr., fil. Iaşi, Acad. Rom., VII, 1, Iaşi,: 83-119 3. CHIFU T., POPOVICI D., CIUBOTARU C., HANUŞTEAC I. 1986. Contribuţii la alcătuirea şi caracterizarea tipurilor de pajişti permanente din judeţul Suceava. Lucr. Şt., Volum omagial 1946-1986, Staţ. Cerc. Agric. Suceava: 313-325 4. CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N. 1978. O nouă contribuţie la studiul vegetaţiei ierboase din bazinul râului Suceava. Staţ. Cerc. Şt., Instit. Agron. Iaşi, Cerc. agron. Moldova, II: 85-9 5. CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N. 1979-198. Vegetaţia din bazinul râului Suceava (IV). St. com. Muz. Şt. Nat. Bacău,: 199-28 6. CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N. 1982. Vegetaţia din bazinul râului Suceava (VI). St. com., II, S. S. B. Filiala Reghin: 11-111 7. CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N. 1983. Contribuţii la studiul factorilor staţionali ai unor fitocenoze ierboase din bazinul râului Suceava. Anuar Muz. Jud. Suceava, fasc. Şt. Nat., VII, Suceava: 199-216 8. CIOCÂRLAN V. 2. Flora ilustrată a României - Pteridophyta et Spermatophyta. Ed. Ceres, Bucureşti 9. COLDEA GH. 1991. Prodrome des associations vegetales des Carpates du Sud-Est (Carpates Roumaines). Documents phytosociologiques, Serie nouă, XIII, Camerino 1. ELLENBERG H. 1974. Indicator values of vascular plants in Central Europe. Scripta Geobotanica, 9, Göttingen 11. KOVÁCS J. ATT. 1979. Indicatorii biologici, ecologici şi economici ai florei pajiştilor. S.C.C.C.P., Măgurele Braşov 12. MITITELU D., CHIFU T., PASCAL P. 1989. Flora şi vegetaţia judeţului Suceava. Anuar Muz. Jud. Suceava, Şt. Nat., X: 93-12 13. MITITELU D., CHIFU T., ŞTEFAN N. 1987. Contribuţie la studiul vegetaţiei din judeţul Suceava. Anuar st. com. Muz. Naţ. Bucovina, Suceava: 51-6 14. POPOVICI D., CHIFU T., CIUBOTARIU C., MITITELU D., LUPAŞCU GH., DAVIDESCU G., PASCAL P. 1996. Pajiştile din Bucovina, Ed. Helios, Iaşi 15. RĂVĂRUŢ M., TURENSCHI E., MITITELU D. 1961. Contribuţii la studiul geobotanic al pajiştilor naturale din bazinul Sucevei. Lucr. şt. Instit. Agron. Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iaşi: 211-228 16. SANDA V. 22. Vademecum ceno-structural privind covorul vegetal din România. Ed. Vergiliu, Bucureşti 17. ŞTEFAN N., CHIFU T. 1974-1975. The Vegetation in the Suceava River Basin (III). Lucr. Staţ. Stejarul, Ecologie terestră şi Genetică: 113-121 18. ŞTEFAN N., CHIFU T. 1982. Vegetaţia din bazinul râului Suceava (V). Culeg. st. art. Biol., Univ. Al. I. Cuza Iaşi - Grăd. Bot., 2: 258-263 19. *** 1952-1976. Flora R. S. România, I-XIII, Ed. Acad. R. P. R. R. S. R., Bucureşti 13