Chemical Permeation Guide

Chemical Permeation Guide

What is permeation? Guidance on Chemical Permeation and Penetration Permeation is the process by which a potentially hazardous chemical moves through a material on a molecular level. Molecules of chemical adsorb onto the outer surface of the material. They then enter and diffuse across the material and are released or desorbed from the inner surface. Measuring permeation The resistance of a protective clothing fabric to permeation by a potentially hazardous chemical is determined by measuring the breakthrough time and the permeation rate of the chemical through the fabric. Permeation test methods There are various permeation test methods in use today. Which one to use depends on a number of factors including the country of use for the protective clothing, and the type of chemical (i.e. gas or liquid). Permeation rate (PR) This is the rate at which the potentially hazardous chemical permeates through the test fabric and is expressed as a mass of chemical flowing through a given fabric area per unit of time, i.e. 1.0 μg/cm 2 /min or one millionth of a gram per square centimetre per minute. Breakthrough detection time (BDT) The average time elapsed between initial contact of the chemical with the outside surface of the fabric and the detection of the chemical at the inside surface by the analytical device. A breakthrough detection time of >480 min and a permeation rate below the minimum detectable permeation rate (MDPR) does not mean breakthrough has not occurred. It means that permeation was not detected after an observation time of eight hours. Permeation may have occurred, but at a rate less than the minimum detectable permeation rate or MDPR. MDPR can vary depending on the chemical or the analytical device/test method. Breakthrough time (BT) This is the average time between initial contact of the chemical with the outside surface of the fabric and the time at which the chemical is detected at the inside surface of the fabric at the normalised permeation rate specified by the appropriate standard. The key test methods and the normalised permeation rates required are listed below; 1) EN 3743 specifies a normalised permeation rate of 1.0 μg/cm 2 /min, with the lowest BT to be recorded. 2) ISO 29 specifies BT to be reported at the normalised permeation rate of 1.0 μg/cm 2 /min(bt 1.0) or 0.1 μg/cm 2 /min (BT 0.1), with the mean BT to be recorded. 3) ASTM F739 specifies results to be recorded as breakthrough time (BT) at 0.1 μg/cm 2 /min. EN Class/CP Class Normalised breakthrough times 0 > 10 1 > 10 2 > 30 3 >0 4 >120 >240 >480 Permeation Test Cell In Europe (as specified in EN 1432:2004) either EN 3743 or EN ISO 29:2001 can be used for permeation testing, and the normalised breakthrough time is recorded at the permeation rate of 1.0 μg/cm 2 /min. The resistance of MICROCHEM garments to permeation by a hazardous chemical is determined by measuring the breakthrough time and permeation rate of the chemical through the fabric. Permeation tests are performed by independent, accredited laboratories in accordance with EN ISO 29, EN3743 or ASTM F739. Challenge chemical Collection medium protective clothing sample to analytical equipment What is penetration? Penetration is a process by which a chemical flows through holes (i.e. pores) or essential openings in a material on a nonmolecular level. Penetration test methods There are various penetration test methods in use today. Which one to use depends on a number of factors, including the country of use for the protective clothing and the task for which the chemical protective clothing will be used. ASTM F903 Specified in NFPA 1992 (Liquid tight protective clothing for emergency responders), this involves the continuous exposure of a material to a liquid chemical with pressure maintained at 0 psi for min followed by 2 psi [13.8 kpa] for 1 min followed by 0 psi for 4 min, totalling 1 hour. 2

091 v.1 3000 4000 000 000 7070 Acetaldehyde >480 >480 >480 4197 Acetic Acid (Glacial) >480 >480 108247 Acetic Anhydride >480 >480 741 Acetone Imm 0 28 1 >480 >480 >480 708 Acetonitrile < 0 >480 >480 >480 73 Acetyl Chloride >431 7901 Acrylamide >480 >480 79107 Acrylic Acid >480 >480 107131 Acrylonitrile >480 10718 Allyl Alcohol >480 >480 74417 Ammonia (Gas, 1 atmos.) 3 0 >480 >480 >480 74417 Ammonia (Liquid, 34 C) >480 >480 >480 1341497 Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride >480 >480 13321 Ammonium Hydroxide (28%) >480 13321 Ammonium Hydroxide (3% w/w) 3 2837 Amyl Acetate >480 233 Aniline >480 >480 >480 1780432 Benlate >480 >480 71432 Benzene 2 0 >480 >480 98099 Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride >480 100447 Benzyl Chloride 1 1 >480 7729 Bromine 2 0 10 1 12 1 14 1 7729 Bromine (Saturated Vapour) 12 1 10990 Butadiene 1,3 >480 >480 >480 7133 Butanol, n >480 >480 141322 Butyl Acrylate, n 1 1 >480 710 Carbon Disulphide Imm 0 2 0 >480 >480 77820 Chlorine (Gas, 1 atmos.) 10 1 >480 >480 >480 77820 Chlorine (Liquid, 32 C) >480 77820 Chlorine Water (satd.) 2 0 >480 7028183 Chloro(chloromethyl)pyridine, 2 >480 79118 Chloroacetic Acid (79% w/w) >480 >480 1039 Chloroacetic Acid Ethyl Ester >480 79049 Chloroacetyl Chloride 3 2 >480 >480 92037 Chloroacrylonitrile, 2 >480 10478 Chloroaniline, 4 (7 C) >480 108907 Chlorobenzene >480 107073 Chloroethanol, 2 >480 73 Chloroform Imm 0 11 1 101 3 74873 Chloromethane (Gas, 1 atmos.) >480 >480 >480 107948 Chloropropionic Acid, 3 (Liquid, 0 C) >480 >480 779094 Chlorosulphonic Acid 9 9498 Chlorotoluene, o >480 10434 Chlorotoluene, p >480 1333820 Chromium Trioxide (0% w/w) >480 >480 108394 Cresol, m in water solution (20 g/l) >480 9487 Cresol, o in water solution (20 g/l) >480 1044 Cresol, p in water solution (20 g/l) >480 1319773 Cresols, mixed >480 >480 9989 Crude Coal Tar >480 98828 Cumene >480 0774 Cyanogen Chloride (Gas, 1 atmos.) >480 110827 Cyclohexane >480 108918 Cyclohexylamine 82 3 >480 11004 Ditertbutyl peroxide >480 328847 Dichloro4(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1,2 >480 13882 Dichloroacetone, 1,1 >480 3407 Dichloroacetone, 1,3 >480 111444 Dichlorodiethyl Ether, 2,2 >480 10702 Dichloroethane, 1,2 4 0 >480 >480 10 Dichloroethylene, trans1,2 2 7092 Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) Imm 0 9 0 9 2 >480 747 Dichloromethylsilane 20 833430 Diesel 1 1 >480 111422 Diethanolamine >480 0297 Diethyl Ether Imm 0 2 0 >480 0 3 1 3

3000 4000 000 000 109897 Diethylamine Imm 0 Imm 0 >480 >480 >480 111400 Diethylenetriamine >480 3729 Difluoroaniline, 2,4 >480 >480 42331 Dimethyl Dicarbonate >480 77781 Dimethyl Sulphate >480 >480 7183 Dimethyl Sulphide 3 0 >480 >480 78 Dimethyl Sulphoxide >480 12719 Dimethylacetamide, N,N >480 124403 Dimethylamine (40% w/w) >480 >480 83330 Dimethylaminopyridine, 2 7 778 Dimethyldichlorosilane 234 4 981 Dimethylethylamine, N,N >480 8122 Dimethylformamide, N,N >480 >480 >480 >480 123911 Dioxane, 1,4 >480 3490948 Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether >480 188 Dipropylenetriamine >480 10898 Epichlorohydrin >480 >480 417 Ethanol >480 14143 Ethanolamine >480 >480 3122 Ethion >480 14178 Ethyl Acetate 3 0 >480 >480 >480 109900 Ethyl Isocyanate >480 382 Ethyl Parathion >480 100414 Ethylbenzene >480 10934 Ethylene Dibromide >480 107211 Ethylene Glycol >480 >480 7218 Ethylene Oxide (Gas, 1 atmos.) >480 >38 4 >480 7218 Ethylene Oxide (Liquid, 10 C) >480 10713 Ethylenediamine >480 >480 1497 Ethylhexanoic Acid, 2 >480 >480 770080 Ferric Chloride (4% w/w) >480 770080 Ferric Chloride (satd.) >480 778943 Ferrous Chloride (satd.) >480 420 Fluorobenzene 10 3 0000 Formaldehyde (10% w/w) >480 0000 Formaldehyde (37%) >480 >480 418 Formic Acid (90%) >480 >480 418 Formic Acid (98% w/w) >480 98011 Furfural >480 >480 1217 Fyfanon >480 131083 Gardoclean S 174 (Analysis of potassium hydroxide component) >480 84733 Gas Oil (SHELL "Heizoel HVS 300 CST") >480 2 14282 Heptane, n Imm 0 >480 >480 >480 8783 Hexachloro1,3butadiene >480 999973 Hexamethyldisilazane >480 124094 Hexamethylene Diamine, 1, >480 82200 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate >480 >480 11043 Hexane, n Imm 0 >480 >480 >480 9241 Hexene, 1 >480 780378 Hydrazine Monohydrate (98%, containing hydrazine, 4% w/w) >480 >480 100310 Hydrobromic Acid (48% w/w) >480 >480 747010 Hydrochloric Acid (337% w/w) >480 >480 74393 Hydrofluoric Acid (37% w/w) >480 74393 Hydrofluoric Acid (481% w/w) >480 74393 Hydrofluoric Acid (49% w/w) >480 74393 Hydrofluoric Acid (24% in urea) 41 74393 Hydrofluoric Acid (717% w/w) 273 >480 >480 >480 191834 Hydrofluorosilicic Acid (34.% w/w) >480 747010 Hydrogen Chloride (Gas, 1 atmos.) 8 0 >480 >480 >480 74908 Hydrogen Cyanide <3 0 >480 >480 74393 Hydrogen Fluoride (Gas, anhydrous) 42 2 >480 >480 74393 Hydrogen Fluoride (Liquid, 17 C) 190 4 >480 7722841 Hydrogen Peroxide (3% w/w) >480 >480 7722841 Hydrogen Peroxide (0% w/w) >480 778304 Hydrogen Sulphide >480 >480 732 Iodine >480 2 4

091 v.1 3000 4000 000 000 730 Isopropyl Alcohol >480 >480 >480 10831 Maleic Anhydride >480 743997 Mercury >480 >480 >480 12430 Methanesulphonyl Chloride >480 71 Methanol >480 >480 >480 >480 >480 24 Methoxyacetic Acid, 2 >480 79221 Methyl Chloroformate >480 78933 Methyl Ethyl Ketone >480 74884 Methyl Iodide >480 802 Methyl Methacrylate >480 298000 Methyl Parathion >480 87204 Methyl2pyrrolidone, N >480 >480 779 Methyltrichlorosilane >480 411 Nicotine >480 797372 Nitric Acid ( 99.%, white fuming) >480 797372 Nitric Acid (70% w/w) >480 >480 10102439 Nitric Oxide >480 >480 9893 Nitrobenzene >480 >480 >480 >480 10000 Nitrochlorobenzene, p (88 C) >480 7747772 Octave >480 2839 Octyltrichlorosilane 198 4 14427 Oxalic Acid (10%) >480 79378 Oxalyl Chloride >480 417 Oxsilan 9810 (Analysis of ethanol component) >480 N/A Oxsilan Additive 990 (Mixture) >480 92023 Paraffin 2 1 >480 701903 Perchloric Acid (30% w/w) >480 80019 Petrol (Unleaded) 2 0 >480 10892 Phenol (Liquid, 4 C) 4 0 >480 10892 Phenol (Liquid, 0 C) 3 2 131 4 70 3 10892 Phenol (liquified, approx. 90% w/w with water) >480 >480 10892 (in 100 Phenol/Benzyl Alcohol 2/ >480 >480 9813 Phenyltrichlorosilane >480 744 Phosgene (CG) 387 74382 Phosphoric Acid ( 8% w/w) >480 >480 1002873 Phosphorus Oxychloride 9 0 >480 >480 1002138 Phosphorus Pentachloride >480 >480 7719122 Phosphorus Trichloride >480 >480 8449 Phthalic Anhydride (Liquid, 13 C) >480 2832429 Pinane Hydroperoxide >480 772283 Piranha solution (sulphuric acid 9% w/w:hydrogen peroxide 30% w/w, 20:1 ratio) >480 7989 Pivalic Acid >480 >480 232283 Polyethylene Glycol 200 >480 >480 131083 Potassium Hydroxide (30%) >480 131083 Potassium Hydroxide (808% w/v) >480 772247 Potassium Permanganate (satd.) >480 7498 Propane (Liquid, 32 C) >480 7498 Propane (Liquid, 0 C) >480 11071 Propene >480 12338 Propionaldehyde 2 0 >480 79094 Propionic Acid >480 107120 Propionitrile >480 1094 Propyl Bromide, n 89 3 >480 107108 Propylamine, n >480 79 Propylene Oxide 17 1 114 3 12371 Pyrrolidine >480 234 4 9122 Quinoline >480 8007 Reglone >480 >480 231078 Ripcord >480 >480 3841940 Roundup >480 >480 1002047 Silicon Tetrachloride >480 781381 Sodium Bisulphate (40%) >480 74714 Sodium Chloride >480 >480 143339 Sodium Cyanide (satd.) >480 >480 781494 Sodium Fluoride (satd.) >480 >480 1310732 Sodium Hydroxide (30% w/w) >480

3000 4000 000 000 1310732 Sodium Hydroxide (40% w/w) >480 >480 >480 >480 >480 1310732 Sodium Hydroxide (0% w/w, 80 C) >480 >480 1310732 Sodium Hydroxide (0% w/w) >480 >480 >480 >480 >480 78129 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution (14.% available chlorine) >480 >480 >480 78129 Sodium Hypochlorite Solution (% available chlorine) >480 >480 124414 Sodium Methylate (30%) >480 189389 Sodium Silicofluoride (satd.) >480 >480 10042 Styrene Imm 0 299 74409 Sulphur Dioxide >480 744119 Sulphur Trioxide 18 1 74939 Sulphuric Acid ( 98% w/w) >480 >480 >480 74939 Sulphuric Acid (0% w/w, 80 C) >480 >480 74939 Sulphuric Acid (0% w/w) >480 74939 Sulphuric Acid (93.1% w/w) >480 74939 Sulphuric Acid (99% w/w) >480 >480 >480 >480 >480 30832 SUVA HCFC123 (1,1Dichloro2,2,2trifluoroethane) 21 380 134044 tbutyl Methyl Ether 1 0 >480 21038 tertdodecyl Mercaptan >480 127184 Tetrachloroethylene >480 >480 >480 78002 Tetraethyl Lead >480 109999 Tetrahydrofuran Imm 0 3 0 >480 >480 792 Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (20% w/w) >480 792 Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (satd.) >480 110189 Tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N,N >480 7719097 Thionyl Chloride Imm 0 2 0 17 1 18 1 178732 Thiourea Dioxide (satd.) >480 >480 7040 Titanium Tetrachloride 7 0 >480 >473 108883 Toluene Imm 0 >480 >480 >480 84849 Toluene2,4diisocyanate >480 >480 934 Toluidine, o >480 >480 37824 Triacetonediamine >480 7039 Trichloroacetic Acid >480 >480 7901 Trichloroethylene 2 0 7 0 >480 121448 Triethylamine Imm 0 0 >480 701 Trifluoroacetic Acid >480 149313 Trifluoromethanesulphonic Acid >480 >480 10804 Vinyl Acetate >480 217718 Vinyl Acrylate 3 0 >480 192207 Vinylbenzyl Chloride 4 >480 10043 Vinylpyridine, 4 >480 >480 108383 Xylene, m 2 0 >480 10423 Xylene, p Imm 14770 Xylylenediamine, m >480 79948 Zinc Bromide (satd.) >480 0 Chemical database The chemical database is available online and features permeation resistance for a wide range of chemicals, including the ASTM F1001 and EN ISO 29 recommended list of challenge chemicals. For up to the minute chemical permeation data visit: www.ansell.com/chemicalclothingpermeationguide