Canadian Light Source: Overview 2010 April
Outline CLS project history Accelerator design Accelerator performance and development Beamlines accelerator-related activity Future plans
The Case for CLS 10000 # CA Users 600 500 400 300 Canadian Users # Int'l Users 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 International Users Fr UK Ge US 200 3000 Swed 100 2000 1000 CA 0 1985 1991 1995 1999 2001? 0 1991 1999
CLS History Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility Operated up to 3 beamlines at SRC in Madison since 1980 s 1991 Canadian Institute for Synchrotron Radiation Proposal 1.5 GeV for soft x-rays Racetrack design with few Insertion Devices Superconducting wiggle bends 1994 Design workshop at University of Saskatchewan (U. of S.) 1.5 GeV, 8-cell Triple-Bend Achromatic (TBA) lattice 104 m circumference Too few straights!
CLS History 1995 Revised proposal from U. of S. 2.5 GeV, 12-cell Double-Bend Achromatic (DBA) lattice 127 m circumference Budget estimate almost frozen More ID s, and 20 kev x-rays requested 1999 March 31 - CLS Project approved with Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to U. of S. 2.9 GeV, 12-sector DBA 171 m circumference, with longer straights Incorporate existing 300 MeV linac into injector
CLS Project CLS Project approved on 1999 March 31 140.9 M $C to construct: 2.9 GeV booster and third-generation storage ring at least six beamlines Only 22 staff at the start of the project, including: 2 accelerator physicists 1 mechanical engineer 1 electrical engineer 4-person group for IT, controls, diagnostics 2 scientists Challenge: Complete facility in approximately five years Increase technical staff to more than 130 Build organization for operations and future R & D
Initial Capital Funding $140.9M Sask 18% Ontario 7% Alberta 7% UofS 4% City of Saskatoon, Sask Power, Boehringer Ingelheim, UofA, UWO 4% NRC/NRCan 6% Canada CFI 40% Western Diversification 16%
Initial Facility Layout
Synchrotron Light Source Facilities Facility Year Commissioned Energy Circumference Emttance Current ESRF (EU) 1994 6 844 3.8 200 / 300 APS (US) 1995 7 1060 3.5 100 PLS (KO) 1995 2.5 281 12 180 SPRING-8 (JP) 1997 8 1436 5.6 100 BESSY-II (DE) 1998 1.9 240 5.2 270 SLS (CH) 2001 2.4 240 5 400 CLS (CA) 2004 2.9 171 18 250 / 500 SPEAR-3 (US) 2004 3 240 18 500 SOLEIL (FR) 2006 2.75 354 3.1 500 ASP (AU) 2006 3 216 8.6 200 DIAMOND (UK) 2006 3 562 2.7 300 / 500 SSRF (CN) 2008 3.5 432 2.9 200 / 300 PETRA III (DE) 2009 6 2304 1.0 100 / 200 ALBA (ES) 2010 3 269 4.3 400 TPS (TW) 2013 3 516 2.5 500 MAX-IV (SE) 2013? 3 ~500 <1.0 ~500 NSLS II (US) ~2014 3 ~780 <1.0 500
CLS Linac 220 kv Pulsed electron gun Bunch train length selector ~ 0.1 nc / linac bunch 2856 MHz pre-buncher / buncher Six 2856 MHz, 50 MeV linac sections 250 MeV output energy Asynchronous to 500 MHz in booster 2 140 ns long pulse train to booster 1 s -1 pulse repetition rate
CLS Booster 250 MeV to 2.9 GeV Synchrotron Up to 10 ma circulating current 1 s -1 repetition rate 102.53 m circumference Compact FODO lattice 8 straight sections available for injection, extraction and RF 1.7 MV RF at 500 MHz, h=171 (3 x 3 x 19) B dipole = 1.33 T at 2.9 GeV ε x (damped) = 550 nm rad at 2.9 GeV
CLS Storage Ring 2.9 GeV DBA lattice with 12-fold period 170.88 m circumference 2.4 MV rf at 500 MHz, h=285 (3 x 5 x 19) E loss per turn: > 0.876 MeV Bend magnet radiation: λ c = 1.6 Å E c = 7.6 kev ε x = 18.1 nm rad Damping times: τ x = 2.4 ms, τ y = 3.8 ms, τ E = 2.7 ms ~10 mm bunch length
Sector details SYNCHROTRON LIGHT TO EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS PLAN VIEW (1 of 12 CELLS) 0 0.5 1 meter SCALE QF QF B SA QF SB QF SA B QF QF
Storage Ring Operating Parameters Tunes ν x ν y 10.22 3.26 10.22 4.28 11.22 4.28 Emittance 18.3 17.9 nm 14.1 Straights β x β y η x 8.1 9.1 m 4.6 2.7 m 0.15 (0.25) 0.15 m Mom. Comp. 0.0038 RF freq 500.018 MHz voltage 2.4 MV δ acceptance 2.0 % 16.7 2.6 0.15
Storage Ring Magnets Dipoles: 2 per cell 1.87 m long 1.354 T B = 3.87 T/m Quadrupoles: 3 families, 6 total per cell 0.194 m, 0.194 m and 0.277 m magnetic length B < 21.3 T/m Sextupoles: 2 families, 3 total per cell 0.21 m magnetic length B = 245 T/m 2 One family also has dipole corrector coils and skew quadrupole coils
500 MHz RF System First light source to operate using only super-conducting rf Adopted a two-stage approach to the RF system Stage 1: Initial installation for 250 ma operation Stage 2: Future RF upgrade to 500 ma operation Initially use one SC cavity, based on Cornell CESR-B design, installed Second cavity is available on site, initially used as a spare, to be installed in Stage 2 320 kw installed RF power for >250 ma operation. Liquid Helium Refrigeration (Linde TCF-50) was sized for operation of one cavity, with flexibility to expand to service an additional cavity.
Superconducting RF Cavity
First Light 2003 December 10
Machine Function Measurements
Orbit Control Based on Bergoz BPM electronics RMS orbit (at BPMs) ~ 1 micron Local bumps with global correction scheme RMS long-term stability ~ 2 microns Current dependency in beam position (needs work) Suspect BPM and vacuum chamber thermal shifts Fast orbit correction to 60 Hz recently tested May not be necessary for vibration control Used to correct perturbations from changing ID gaps Possible use with ramping BMIT wiggler
Single Bunch Mode 35 ma per bunch has been achieved Reduced to 15 ma with narrow vacuum chamber > 99.99% bunch purity has been achieved with bunch cleaning using I-Tech transverse feedback system Encountering problems with heating of injection kicker vacuum ceramics
Coupling Correction Normal operations is with natural coupling ( ~ 0.5 %) Coupling <0.1% has been achieved
Storage Ring Performance Achieved Design Goals (2009-01-31) Start First 2 years Long-term (2003) (2004 2005) (> 2008) Horizontal Emittance (nm rad) 15 30 20 18* Energy (GeV) 1.5, 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 X-Y Coupling <0.1% to 0.3% <10% <1% < 0.2% Tunes ( x / y ) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) (10.22 / 3.26) Alternate operating points: (10.22 / 4.26) (10.22 / 4.26 ) (10.22 / 4.26 ) (11.22 / 3.26) * RMS orbit stability ( x / y ) (μm) 1.0 / 0.5 50 / 10 40 / 3 30 / 1* RMS orbit position ( x / y ) (μm) 2 / 1 40 / 80 40 / 80 20 / 40 Maximum current (ma) 320 100 200 500 (?) Lifetime @ 100 ma (hours) 29 > 4 > 6 > 10 / Top-up* Time Structure 210 1 Multi-bunch Multi-bunch Multi-bunch or single bunch*
Facility Performance
Facility Performance
Current and Planned Beamlines
CLS Beamlines PHASE I (Operational) 1. Far Infrared Spectroscopy (Far-IR) - Characterization of IR absorption of simple molecules 2. Mid Infrared Spectromicroscopy (Mid- IR) - Microscopy of biological samples 3. Variable Line Spacing Plane Grating Monochromator (VLS PGM) and 4. High Resolution Spherical Grating Monochromator (SGM) - Understanding chemistry of lighter elements leading to better catalysts, construction materials, fertilizers, etc. 5. Soft X-ray Spectromicroscopy (SM) - Discovering the chemical basis of the structure of materials such as polymers, cells, plants, soil, minerals, and wood 6. Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF#1) - Analyzing the structure of proteins and other large biological molecules 7. Hard X-ray MicroAnalysis (HXMA) - X-ray absorption spectroscopy, powder diffraction, micro-probe - Solve issues of toxic elements in enviromental samples
Insertion Devices (Phase I) Undulators designed and assembled at CLS VLS-PGM planar undulator: 5.5-250 ev SGM planar undulator: 250-2000 ev CMCF SGU: 6 18 kev SM EPU (Apple-II): Planar 80 4000 ev Circular 80 1000 ev HXMA SC 1.94 T Wiggler: 5-40 kev purchased from Budker Institute
Brilliance at the CLS
Insertion Devices: Chicaned Undulators
Double EPU 5-magnet chicane scheme
Phase II (2005 2008) 5 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines) $49 million Includes partial building expansion
CLS Beamlines PHASE II (Commissioning) 1. REIX Resonant Elastic and Inelastic X-ray scattering (Second EPU) - Materials science studies with soft x-rays 2. CMCF-2 Protein Crystallography - Bending magnet beamline automated for high-throughput 3. VESPERS - Environmental analysis beamline using x-ray flourescence and diffraction 4. SXRMB - Spectroscopy and x-ray absorption at intermediate energies (2 to 10 kev) 5. SYLMAND - x-ray lithography and LIGA processing 6. and 7. BMIT (ID line has 4.4 Tesla SC wiggler) - Two biomedical beamlines for imaging and therapy studies - Also required building expansion
Current Facility Layout
Phase III (2008 2013) 3 CFI approved projects (7 more beamlines) $65 million Building expansion Additional $40 million
CLS Beamlines PHASE III (Design) 1. BIOXAS (Chicaned PPM wiggler, IVU) - Three beamlines optimized for biological applications of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, especially low-concentration elements 2. QMSC (Double EPU) - Beamline optimized for studying quantum effects in solid state physics - Uses two EPUs to cover a wide energy range (10 ev to ~1.2 kev) 3. BXDS (Chicaned SC wiggler, IVU) - Three beamlines optimized for hard x-ray diffraction and scattering - Primarily solid-state physics and materials studies
CLS Future work Phase III beamlines design and construction Includes 4 m long double EPU Building expansion (again!) Near term: CSR for users Single-bunch modes for experiments Fast global orbit feedback, bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback Longer term: Top Up Operation Preliminary radiation measurements have been made and levels are OK Licensing documentation needed however Emphasis on injection with shutters open 500 ma operations Second cavity to be installed New klystron and HV supply
The CLS Team