6F P with 3F 4F P level P to F P level Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics UFirst Principles Prediction of an Insensitive High Energy Density Material USupplemental Information,,* Barak HirshbergP P and Chagit DenekampP. The Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9904, Israel. RAFAEL Ltd. P.O. Box 50. Haifa 300, Israel. *Corresponding author. UEmailU: Ubarak.hirshberg@mail.huji.ac.ilUT UTelU: +97 (4) 8795870. UFaxU: +97 (4) 8794887.. Computational details In order to validate our results for the gas phase properties of H3tta, the minimum structure was also located at the MP/cc-pVTZP0F, of theory. The structure obtained is very similar to the one obtained at the B3LYP/6-3G(d)PF 3, 4, 5 of theory (e.g. maximal variation of 0.03 Ǻ in bond lengths). Both structures are given below. Dimer calculations, due to the larger number of heavy atoms, were done using the BLYP functionalp5f 6, 7 the 6-3G(d) basis set. The detonation properties of H3tta were also calculated using the Kamlet-Jacobs methodp7f to the more reliable EXPLO5 results.. Clusters Equilibrium Structure 8 compare The geometry obtained for a dimer of H3tta molecules is shown in Figure.
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Figure Equilibrium Geometry for the H3tta dimer at the B3LYP/6-3G(d) level of theory The existence of the dimer was used in generating the initial geometry for PW-DFT optimization. The initial unit cell parameters for the P phase were chosen in order to generate a structure of dimers on top of the other, shifted by an angle of approximately 750. The geometry used as initial guess is shown in Figure. Figure Initial geometry for PW-DFT optimization shown in top view (l.h.s) and side view (r.h.s). 3. Kamlet Jecobs method The detonation properties of H3tta were also evaluated using the Kamlet-Jacobs method. This method uses an empirical relation, given in equation (), between detonation velocity (D) or pressure (P) and ρ 0, N, M and Q; where ρ 0 is the density of the solid, N is the number of moles
P for P and P and P and P for P for Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics of gas released during detonation, M is the average molecular weight of the gas released and Q is the heat of detonation. This method has been used extensively in the literature for evaluating the performance of possible HEDMs (for recent examples, see ref. 7a and 7b in the main article). () 0 D =.0 ( NM Q P = 5.58 ρ ( NM Q ) ) ( +.3 ρ ) 0 The initial density used in this study is the one obtained from PW-DFT calculations for each of the crystal structures. In order to evaluate N, M and Q the reaction presented in Figure 3 was used. Q is the heat of detonation and is defined as the negative of the difference between the heat of formation of the products and the heat of formation of the explosive. This procedure resulted in values of 0.033 mole gp molep P, 5.7889 g N and M, respectively. The effect of variation in the solid state heat of formation of each phase on the detonation properties was also tested. Q was found to be between 9 cal gp P phase and between 3 cal gp cal gp 8 cal gp the the PRR phase. The values of D and P obtained, using equation (), for the P phase are 834-8473 msp P and 36-38 kbar, respectively. For the PRR phase D and P were found to be 8658-88 msp 353-367 kbar, respectively. These values are in accord with the EXPLO5 results reported in the main article. N N HN N N N 3 N N N H 9N (g) + H (g) + 8C (s) + CH 4(g) + NH 3(g) N N NH N
Figure 3 Detonation reaction used to estimate N,M and Q for the Kamlet Jacobs method. 4. Geometries H3tta B3LYP/6-3G(d) E(RB+HF-LYP): -87.73300 Hartree N 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 C 0.000000.39686 0.000000 C.09678-0.698408 0.000000 N.086866.8608 0.000000 N.08047.56949 0.000000 N 0.6973 3.44093 0.000000 N -0.665073 3.47505 0.000000 H -.0664.890877 0.000000 N.349769 -.03494 0.000000 N -.40808-0.4759 0.000000 N -3.90905.88 0.000000 N -.676946 -.33496 0.000000 H -0.6067 -.73738 0.000000 C.09678-0.698408 0.000000 N.37737 -.0490 0.000000 N.436635-0.5787 0.000000 N.66893 -.590 0.000000 N 3.3409.6555 0.000000 H.668868 0.84086 0.000000 H3tta MP/cc-pVDZ E(MP): -85.56944607 Hartree N 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 C -0.00569 0.000000.39543 C.35 0.000000-0.69786 N.086694 0.000000.8705 N.096767 0.000000.60984 N -0.637696 0.000000 3.443807 N 0.679506 0.000000 3.4778 H.06479 0.000000.87364 N.35074 0.000000 -.034657 N.4985 0.000000-0.30664 N 3.3073 0.000000.69643 N.66737 0.000000 -.34609 H 0.589930 0.000000 -.74740 C.05633 0.000000-0.70645 N.33084 0.000000 -.03030 N -.437436 0.000000-0.5448 N -.663577 0.000000 -.7464 N -3.346834 0.000000.47669 H -.654659 0.000000 0.85475 H3tta dimer BLYP/6-3G(d) E(RB-LYP): 655.70675 Hartree
N 0.85-0.003305 0.985 N 0.35505-0.0077.486809 N.35508-0.0089-0.95 C.434688-0.008.87606 H -0.79090-0.0058.053750 N.5535-0.00605 0.78439 N.9604 0.000063 3.9463 C 3.9855 0.00089 3.44455 C.005 0.0006 4.779 N 4.75787 0.0038.503 N 3.85964 0.000 4.657964 N -0.36577-0.000764 4.5675 N.33584 0.0060 5.588074 N 5.490499 0.0085 3.58 H 4.46470 0.000863.48889 N 5.3900 0.0077 4.430864 N -0.808404-0.0003 5.44975 N 0.6895 0.00044 6.3879 H.85635 0.00765 5.9887 N.9453-0.00775-4.470 N -.39634-0.006557 -.844656 N -.89884-0.008333-5.00708 C -3.7543-0.007335 -.964766 N -4.05874-0.00859-4.80045 N -4.63458-0.007038.886599 H -5.008566-0.00939-4.674793 C -4.5759-0.00587-0.563577 C -6.0440-0.007948 -.36485 N -.858407-0.004867-0.78789 N -4.93843-0.00543 0.56596 N -6.58536-0.009079-3.34990 N -6.998696-0.00788.9576 N -.83478-0.00387.96034 H.99388-0.004840-0.745740 N -4.077997-0.00404.60043 N -7.9468-0.00960-3.8 N -8.34-0.008894.843073 H -6.86937-0.007080-0.74843 P unit cell geometry total energy = -850.7680336 Ry N -0.66607070-0.00000380 0.66599378 C -0.00675959-0.0000046 0.335406469 C -0.57653304-0.00000466 0.006709979 N 0.666679-0.000004549 0.3688359 N -0.00480595 0.00000040 0.49345457 N 0.7366776 0.00000666 0.640053 N 0.77948076-0.00000 0.5565435 H 0.49037-0.0000083 0.783948 N -0.97659885-0.00000396-0.66663874 N -0.0058408-0.000007305 0.00484697 N -0.04883657-0.00000935-0.739038 N -0.55096-0.00000694-0.779779 H -0.43640084 0.00000690-0.507865 C -0.33547577-0.00000053 0.575795 N -0.49350044 0.000000467 0.004584 N -0.3688538 0.000000956 0.97544957 N -0.646400 0.00000995 0.04869758
N -0.55395 0.00000 0.5348534 H -0.785770-0.00000374 0.43680906 N 0.66607070 0.49999698-0.66599378 C 0.00675959 0.499997754-0.335406469 C 0.57653304 0.499995374-0.006709979 N -0.666679 0.49999545-0.3688359 N 0.00480595 0.50000040-0.49345457 N -0.7366776 0.50000666-0.640053 N -0.77948076 0.499997888-0.5565435 H -0.49037 0.49999689-0.783948 N 0.97659885 0.499996804 0.66663874 N 0.0058408 0.49999695-0.00484697 N 0.04883657 0.499990648 0.739038 N 0.55096 0.499993059 0.779779 H 0.43640084 0.50000690 0.507865 C 0.33547577 0.499999469-0.575795 N 0.49350044 0.500000467-0.004584 N 0.3688538 0.500000956-0.97544957 N 0.646400 0.50000995-0.04869758 N 0.55395 0.50000-0.5348534 H 0.785770 0.49999686-0.43680906 P unit cell geometry total energy = -850.75786668 Ry N -0.6500334.4430630-0.57886 N.47755459-0.4843080 0.496734 N.303804778 -.5775680-0.4667400 C -.700686348.085558 0.59495990 H.75960906 0.489988 0.339459045 N -.69584 -.300643400-0.86349 N -3.896765-0.38468795 0.47837506 C -5.07753547.37053 0.48340973 C -3.90398854 0.98439974 0.757558 N -5.397675 -.408847 0.3636555 N -6.4938947-0.690688 0.830705 N -.79609936.704476 0.7493496 N -4.9583747.769485.07080036 N -6.538985603 -.7057674 0.799757 H -4.58406445-3.09683790-0.6036 N -7.3750.6367660 0.6888655 N -3.86804644.968306060.07645694 N -4.473483 3.0448455.7690386 H -6.0053574.59499990.86758 N 3.8697999 -.968467403.076449 N.7964757.7060939-0.7489644 N 4.47669444-3.0465853.776055 C 3.9047485-0.9869036-0.7540566 N 4.958345555.7609546.0746006 N 3.89697884 0.3843055-0.4784468 H 6.0056694.59594795.9376476 C.70083988.07706609-0.5930880 C 5.07758537.34355-0.4836980 N.47768447 0.48395750-0.4503993 N.698843.3008933 0.88583 N 6.4939098 0.670796-0.830775 N 5.395040.40860467-0.36877 N 0.656457.44573754 0.5778337 H.7630344-0.489356760-0.338774094 N.30394938.54376 0.4670385 N 7.346357.636647-0.689659059
N 6.5389806.70456-0.8053770 H 4.584780 3.0936735 0.59946438 5. IR Spectrum P Phase # mode [cm] [THz] IR 4 3.7 0.9674 0.0000 5 45.66.3688 0.007 6 73.85.40 0.0086 7 73.97.75 0.695 8 96.33.8879 0.0000 9 03.50 3.09 0.976 0 5.53 3.4636 0.0000 7.57 3.546 0.0000 8.76 3.8603 0.0000 3 35.9 4.0744 0.0000 4 39.9 4.948 0.559 5 44.68 4.3375 0.000 6 49.6 4.4748 0.0743 7 50.46 4.508 0.0003 8 6.9 4.8654.970 9 74.9 5.436 0.0000 0 8.00 5.4563.5664 84.76 5.539 0.4477 89.69 5.6867 0.0000 3 9.3 5.7657 0.730 4.48 6.3400 0.0000 5 300.56 9.005 0.03 6 304.3 9.9 0.0000 7 309.86 9.894 0.0000 8 30.67 9.336 0.035 9 34.69 9.7340 0.984 30 38.0 9.836 0.0000 3 379.85.3876 0.000 3 380.90.49 0.576 33 396.34.888 0.0000 34 40.46.0655 0.948 35 405.74.638 3.5579 36 43.38.695 0.0000 37 44.77 3.738 0.0006 38 443.4 3.93 0.3985 39 673.84 0.0 0.0056 40 674. 0.095 0.445 4 679.70 0.3769 0.5967 4 684.5 0.504 0.0000 43 685.56 0.555.039 44 686.0 0.5664 0.0005 45 73.8.3836 0.0000 46 73.64.3943 0.068 47 76.9.470 0.87 48 76.0.47 0.066 49 79.64.574 0.6000 50 79.68.5755 0.084 5 86.93 4.7907 6.990 5 87.46 4.8067.500 53 836.36 5.0736 0.0066
54 847.68 5.49 3.6575 55 880.06 6.3836 3.4573 56 88.79 6.4353 0.0008 57 888.9 6.67 0.000 58 889.8 6.6570 0.3899 59 983.8 9.4780 9.3646 60 984.85 9.549 0.80 6 986.34 9.5697 8.089 6 987.49 9.604 0.008 63 994.5 9.8039 0.000 64 996.63 9.878 0.000 65 000.40 9.993 0.074 66 007.83 30.40 0.007 67 06.6 30.4774 3.6633 68 07.39 30.8004 5.4788 69 030.3 30.8884 6.069 70 038.30 3.73 0.0003 7 04.86 3.64 4.4369 7 045.3 3.3378 0.03 73 057.04 3.6894 0.0065 74 059.96 3.7769.457 75 067.35 3.9984 0.005 76 069.07 3.0500.836 77 087.5 3.607 0.000 78 09.5 3.759 0.779 79 5.0 33.498 0.940 80 9.85 33.574 0.0000 8 4.5 34.0 0.009 8 43.44 34.796 0.46 83 5.80 34.5300.066 84 56.87 34.68 0.0000 85 0.4 36.0094 5.680 86 08.09 36.75 0.0006 87 09.3 36.489.8807 88 7.4 36.4969 0.0009 89.40 36.668.654 90.49 36.649 0.435 9 304.07 39.0949 0.004 9 304.6 39.0979 0.598 93 35.5 39.4303 0.000 94 39.60 39.8603 0.650 95 345.70 40.343 0.000 96 347.0 40.388 4.879 97 378.3 4.354 0.0000 98 38. 4.4049 0.04 99 43.09 4.909 4.389 00 433.9 4.966 0.059 0 460.43 43.786 0.0000 0 465. 43.93 0.095 03 57.77 45.804 0.33 04 59.5 45.849 3.4655 05 539.7 46.460.37 06 539.88 46.646 37.7598 07 563.63 46.8764 4.0880 08 583.78 47.4804 0.0004 09 790.5 83.6495 0.3 0 89.08 84.539 60.097 375.8 95.084 0.468 396.84 95.8388 55.483 3 338.67 99.7909 39.7874 4 333.63 99.8798 0.8089
P Phase # mode [cm] [THz] IR 4.76 0.386 0.0000 5 4.30 0.488 0.0000 6 9.06 0.873 0.0000 7 3. 0.938 0.0000 8 0.83 3.056 0.0000 9 0.0 3.058 0.0000 0 4. 3.4 0.349 3.4 3.6948 0.0000 3.63 3.706 0.0000 3 5.78 3.7709 0.0000 4 5.5 4.54 3.43 5 6.95 4.885 0.000 6 64.4 4.990 0.000 7 64.50 4.935 0.000 8 84.30 5.55 0.0000 9 84.4 5.589 0.0000 0 87.9 5.649 0.9684 87.49 5.607 0.973 95.50 5.8608 0.0000 3 95.58 5.863 0.0000 4 5.64 6.4648 0.0000 5 94.49 8.886 0.0000 6 94.59 8.836 0.0000 7 308.4 9.458 0.0000 8 34.0 9.496 0.0000 9 39.47 9.5774 0.0000 30 39.5 9.5787 0.0000 3 383.84.5073 0.0000 3 384.9.508 0.0000 33 40.07.038 0.8999 34 40.0.076 0.935 35 40.8.030 0.0000 36 40.33.036 0.0000 37 440.99 3.07 0.537 38 446.89 3.3975 0.0000 39 674.45 0.96 0.0000 40 674.56 0.8 0.0000 4 675.05 0.375 0.000 4 675.4 0.40 0.0000 43 677.8 0.303 3.0065 44 678.68 0.3464 0.0000 45 76.45.4787 0.0000 46 76.50.480 0.0000 47 76.9.494 0.0000 48 76.96.4940 0.0000 49 79.74.577 0.0000 50 7.83.6399 0.556 5 8.6 4.350 8.433 5 83.86 4.3989 0.0000 53 84.6 4.44 0.0000 54 8.7 4.6644 0.0033 55 83.48 4.687 0.046 56 83.58 4.960 0.0000 57 884.59 6.59 0.545 58 884.70 6.57 0.535 59 885.99 6.563 0.0000
60 886.05 6.563 0.0000 6 99.9 9.750 4.8387 6 99.33 9.794 4.643 63 99.0 9.7400 0.0000 64 99.7 9.7444 0.0000 65 999.67 9.9693 0.007 66 003.88 30.0957 0.0000 67 006.59 30.769 0.00 68 04.7 30.404 0.0000 69 05.64 30.7478 0.0000 70 05.7 30.750 0.0000 7 030.88 30.9050 3.6076 7 030.96 30.9075 3.6599 73 044.7 3.398 0.0000 74 046.04 3.3594 0.000 75 078.44 3.3308.074 76 078.48 3.330.078 77 08.0 3.4436 0.0000 78 08.6 3.445 0.0000 79 3.3 33.6735 0.0000 80 4.3 33.7059 0.0000 8 45.87 34.35 0.567 8 45.98 34.3556 0.58 83 48.04 34.475 0.0000 84 48.8 34.46 0.0000 85 88. 35.689 0.0000 86 90.86 35.70 0.0066 87 94.73 35.870.735 88 95.4 35.834.708 89 98.09 35.980 0.0000 90 98.6 35.9335 0.0000 9 9.78 38.7565 0.0000 9 93.68 38.7836 0.000 93 3.4 39.30 0.0000 94 3.73 39.346 0.0000 95 35.6 39.474.0457 96 35.57 39.4397.035 97 378.05 4.38 0.0000 98 379.40 4.3534 0.0000 99 447.53 43.3958.859 00 447.86 43.4059.870 0 45.83 43.547 0.0000 0 45.5 43.5344 0.0000 03 53.38 45.9097 0.078 04 53.08 45.9305 0.0000 05 55.03 46.4988 47.960 06 55.99 46.574 47.8378 07 558.57 46.749 0.0000 08 559.49 46.75 0.0000 09 398.3 98.8808 0.0000 0 3300.34 98.948.45 3307. 99.447 79.6773 3308.35 99.87 80.553 3 3309.74 99.35 0.0000 4 33.03 99.60 0.0000
C. Møller and M.S. Plesset Phys. Rev. 934, 46, 68-6. T.H. Dunning Jr. J. Chem. Phys. 989, 90, 00703. 3 A.D. Becke J. Chem. Phys. 993, 98, 5648-565. 4 P.C. Hariharan and J.A. Pople Theor. Chim. Acta 973, 8, 3-. 5 P.J. Stephens, F.J. Devlin, C.F. Chabalowski and M.J. Frisch J. Phys. Chem. 994, 98, 63-67. 6 A.D. Becke Phys. Rev. A 988, 38, 3098-300. 7 C. Lee, W. Yang and R.G. Parr Phys. Rev. B 988, 37, 785-789. 8 M.J. Kamlet and S.J. Jacobs J. Chem. Phys. 968, 48, 3-35.