GEOL GEOLOGY Note: See beginning of Section H for abbreviations, course numbers and coding. GEOL 1001 The Earth: Its Origin, Evolution and Age 3 ch (3C) Novas and Supernovas; The Solar Nebula Theory, Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism. Earth as a heat engine. Origin, growth and main features of the Earth's crust. Origin and evolution of oceans, continents and the atmosphere. The rock cycle, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics, mountain building and deformation of the Earth's crust. Earthquakes, igneous and metamorphic processes and their products, including mineral resources. Credit can be obtained for only one of GEOL 1001 or GEOL 1063. GEOL 1006 Introduction to Geology Laboratory I 2ch (3L) A laboratory course designed to accompany GEOL 1001. An introductory study covering topographic and geological maps (bedrock and surficial) and their interpretation; construction of cross sections; identification of common minerals, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; geological structures (map analysis as a predictive tool); dating and the geological time scale; coastal processes; glaciations and glacial deposits; aspects of plate tectonics. Prerequisite or corequisite: GEOL 1001. GEOL 1012 Earth Processes, Resources and the Environment 3 ch (3C) Natural resources and environmental problems in the context of the Earth's physical, biological and chemical processes. GEOL 1017 Introductory Geology Laboratory II 2ch (3L) A laboratory course designed to accompany GEOL 1012. This course concentrates on environmental geology, especially the biosphere and hazards. It covers fossils and fossilization, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, mass wasting (landslides and flows), meteorite impacts, and ground water issues.. Prerequisite or co-requisite: GEOL 1012. GEOL 1026 Geology Lab for Engineers 2 ch (3L) An introductory study covering topographic and geological maps (bedrock and surficial) and their interpretation; construction of cross sections; identification of common minerals, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; geological structures (map analysis as a predictive tool); dating and the geological time scale; coastal processes; mass wasting (especially the recognition and amelioration of hazards related to debris flows, avalanche and landslides); and glaciations and glacial deposits (especially glacial deposits in eastern Canada and their significance to engineers). Cross listed with GE1026. GEOL 1036 Geology Lab for Foresters 2 ch (3L) An introductory study covering topographic and geological maps (bedrock and surficial) and their interpretation; construction of cross sections; identification of common minerals, igneous, Deleted: A laboratory course to accompany GEOL 1001. Prerequisite or co-requisite: GEOL 1001. Deleted: A laboratory course designed to accompany GEOL 1012 Deleted: An introductory study of: minerals and rocks; physics, chemistry and structure of the earth; geological age determination and summary of historical geology; surface processes, subsurface processes; economic geology of Canada 1 of 8
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; geological structures; dating and the geological time scale; coastal processes; mass wasting (in terrane analysis, and the recognition and avoidance of hazards); and glaciations and glacial deposits (especially in eastern Canada and their relevance to foresters). GEOL 1063 Earth Systems Geology (How the Earth Works) 3ch (3C) Designed primarily for students in faculties other than Science, Engineering and Forestry and Environmental Management. Surveys the origin of the Earth as part of the solar system, formation of a dynamic planet, geophysical and geochemical characteristics, development and evolution of life, plate tectonics, geomorphology, rocks and minerals, deformation, sedimentation, climate change and geological hazards. Geological concepts are discussed through reference to features in parks and other famous sites across Canada. Credit can be obtained for only one of GEOL 1001 or GEOL 1063. Deleted: An introductory study of the materials forming the earth and the changes in time and place that fashion the surface of the crust. Geological factors governing water supply, ground configuration, climate, soils. Glaciation and glacial geology are emphasized. GEOL 1703 Field School (7 days) 3 ch [W] Introduction to field observations, traversing, sampling and mapping in the first week of May or before classes begin in the fall. Accommodation expenses (Fredericton) paid by the student. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001/1012/1006/1017 or approved equivalent. GEOL 2022 Engineering Geology 5 ch (3C 3L) A study of geological materials and hazards for site investigation and assessment of risk and remediation; engineering classification of geological materials, properties and relationships; engineering in the existing and changing environment and exacerbation of natural processes; geological constraints for construction, foundations, tunnelling, waste disposal and mining, with case histories of geological problems in engineering projects. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, 1026 or equivalent or permission of the instructor. GEOL 2131 Mineral Sciences 5 ch (2C 3L) [W] Introduction to crystallography and x-ray diffraction techniques. Appraisal of the material properties of minerals and selected ceramics. Fundamentals of silicate chemistry and the behaviour of the major rock-forming minerals at varying pressures and temperatures. Laboratories focus on describing the physical properties of the more common minerals and on their identification in hand specimen. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036 GEOL 2142 Chemistry and Physics of Minerals 5 ch (3C 3L) Lectures examine the composition, structure and texture of minerals and rocks, the thermodynamic parameters that control the behaviour of geological systems such as pressure, temperature, activity and fugacity and the kinetic parameters that control the rates of cooling and crystallisation of rocks and minerals. The laboratories focus on the practical aspects of mineral and rock description and identification using the petrologic microscope. Prerequisite: GEOL 2131. GEOL 2202 Biogeology I 5 ch (2C 3L) Nomenclature and taxonomy of main invertebrate groups. Paleoecology and factors governing Deleted: A study of geological materials and hazards; site investigations; environmental geology; geothermal resources and exploitation; and case histories of geological problems in engineering projects. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, 1026 or equivalent. Deleted: The study of the compositional variability of minerals and the relationship between mineral composition and mineral assemblage, temperature, pressure, volatile fugacity, cooling rates, etc. The major silicate and oxide mineral groups are emphasized. Laboratories emphasize a variety of methods (polarizing microscope, electron microprobe, x-ray diffraction, IR, UV-VIS and Raman spectroscopy, etc.) for determining the identity, composition and structural state of minerals and crystalline solids. 2 of 8
distribution of modern and ancient organisms. Fossilization processes, life and death assemblages. Selected microfossil groups; taxonomy, function and affinities. GEOL 2211 Sedimentology I: Process, Product, and Stratigraphy 5 ch (3C 2L) Lectures and labs cover: physical properties, mineralogy, and classification of sediment and sedimentary rock; origin of sediment, including weathering, biogenic sediment production, and precipitation; fluid flow, gravitational, chemical, and biological influence on sediment erosion, transportation, deposition, reworking, and lithification; sedimentary structures; and an introduction to stratigraphy. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036, Pre- or Co-requisite: GEOL 2321. Deleted: GEOL 2321 Structural Geology I 5 ch (2C 3L) Emphasis on description and classification of folds, faults, foliations, lineations and joints, and the use of primary structures. Labs include geological maps and cross sections, and stereographic projection. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036. Pre- or Co-requisite GEOL 2211. GEOL 2602 Principles of Geochemistry 5 ch (3C 3L) [W] Origin of elements. Theories of the origin and chemical evolution of the earth, atmosphere, and oceans. Laws governing the distribution of elements in the earth. Application of phase diagrams to petrologic problems of the crust and mantle. Chemical weathering. Use of stable and radioactive isotopes in geology. Geobarometry and geothermometry. Hydrothermal process and base-metal ore deposits. Prerequisites: CHEM 1012, 1017 (or equivalent), MATH 1013, GEOL 2131. GEOL 2703 Field School (14 days) 6 ch [W] Principles of stratigraphy and geological mapping. Prerequisites: GEOL 2131, GEOL 2211, GEOL 2321. GEOL 3003 Computer Based Geological Mapping 2 ch A hands-on lab course designed to develop basic skills in the geological application of Geographical Information Systems technology, comprising: A general introduction to the properties and geological use of GIS. Various methods of importing and/or preparing a digital base map. Making a geological map by means of GIS, from field input to publication quality full colour product. Construction of digital terrain models and their application to geological problem solving and data presentation. Principles of digital map and data interrogation, database interrogation and the potential for geological synthesis. Prerequisites: 2nd year field school, or permission of the instructor. Deleted: GEOL 3131 Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology 5 ch (2C 3L) [W] Petrogenesis of igneous and metamorphic rocks with emphasis on their macroscopic textures, mineral associations, classification and field relations. Laboratories concentrate on the identification of the common igneous and metamorphic rocks using hand specimens and thin sections. 3 of 8
Prerequisites: GEOL 2142. GEOL 3201 Biogeology II 5 ch (2C 3L) Selected topics in paleontology including biostratigraphy, taphonomy, nature of the fossil record, lagerstätten, mass extinctions, paleobiology, origin of life, Precambrian life, fossil communities. Offered alternate years. Prerequisite: GEOL 2201. GEOL 3322 Structural Geology II 5 ch (2C 3L) Stress and strain, introduction to deformational behaviour of rocks. Origin of folds, foliations, lineations, joints and faults. Geometrical analysis. Labs will include simple experiments and advanced map problems. Prerequisites: GEOL 2321, GEOL 3131. GEOL 3402 Ore and Environmental Petrology (A) 5 ch (2C 3L) Systematic study of the low- to high-temperature sulphide, sulphate, oxide, and hydroxide minerals with emphasis on their structure, composition, crystal chemistry, and phase relations. Laboratory studies emphasize identification of mineral assemblages from supergene weathering environments to magmatic mineral deposits. Includes applications from mineral deposit studies to mine waste remediation. Prerequisites: GEOL 2142, 2602. GEOL 3411 Rock Mechanics 5 ch (3C 2L) [W] An introduction to the deformation and fracture of rocks when subjected to a natural or manimposed stress field. The concepts of stress, strain, stress-strain relations; creep and strength are applied to geological materials. The mechanisms involved in the failure of continuous, discontinuous and layered rocks are discussed. Prerequisites: GEOL 2321, MATH 1013. GEOL 3442 Environmental Geology 3 ch (2C 1S) [W] An introduction to the global water cycle and water balance, catchment water balance, measurement and estimation of water balance parameters, aspects of sediment transport and erosion, monitoring the distribution of contamination by sediment sampling. Assignments focus on aspects of catchment water balance. Seminars and term papers are based on topics of regional and global importance with respect to water availability and quality. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036. GEOL 3482 Mineral Resources, Economics, and the Environment 3 ch (3C) This course presents various types of mineral deposit resources, integrated with economic and environmental considerations with impacts related to exploration and mining activity. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036.. GEOL 3492 Petroleum Geoscience 5 ch (2C 3L) This multi-disciplinary subject is covered by introductory lectures on: chemical composition of petroleum (particularly oil and gas); the environment of petroleum (e.g. subsurface conditions, associated rock-types); theories of petroleum generation; migration and accumulation of oil and gas; Deleted: This course involves three lecture hours per week, assignments, student seminars and term papers. The a Deleted: The s Deleted: The role of geology in the management of our environment. Largely seminar-based with guest lecturers. Deleted: 5 Deleted: 2C Deleted: 3L Deleted: GEOL 2131, 2142, and 3131 4 of 8
sedimentology and heterogeneity of reservoir rocks; structural and stratigraphic traps; exploration and development of petroleum resources; Canadian petroleum resources; and world petroleum reserves. Lab focus on exploration methods, including geochemical fingerprinting, core analysis, and interpretation of petrophysical and seismic data. Offered alternate years. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, 1012, and one of 1006, 1026, 1036. Recommended GEOL 2211, 2321. GEOL 3621 Exploration Geochemistry 5 ch (2C 3L) Application of geochemistry to mineral exploration. Distribution and controls on element migration in rocks and soils. Recognition of anomalous concentrations. Selected case histories. Laboratory covers common analytical methods for rock, soil, and water samples. Prerequisite: GEOL 2602. GEOL 3631 Geochemistry of Natural Waters 5 ch (3C 3L) [W] The principals of chemical equilibria, reaction kinetics and transport applied to natural water systems. Chemical weathering and diagenesis. Chemistry of surface waters, ground water and the oceans. Geochemical cycles. Applications to environmental problems. Labs include chemical analysis of water, carbonate equilibria and geochemical modeling. Prerequisites: GEOL 2602 or permission of instructor. GEOL 3703 Field School (two weeks) 7 ch Principles of structural geology and geological mapping. Provides two weeks supervised training in field work and preparation of an independent structural map and report of a selected area. At least the cost of accommodation expenses are paid by the student. Prerequisites: GEOL 2703, 2321, 3322. GEOL 3713 Environment Geology Field School (two wks) 6 ch Principles of surficial geology and field sampling of water and recent sediments. Prerequisites: GEOL 2703, GEOL 3442, GEOL 3631. GEOL 3803 Work Term Report I CR A written report on the scientific activities of the work term. Credit for the course is dependent in part on the employer's evaluation of the student's work activities. Students must be accepted into the Geology Coop program to register for this course. GEOL 4101 Igneous Petrology 5 ch (3C 3L) [W] An in depth examination of the mechanisms of magma genesis and differentiation with a focus on a quantitative understanding of the physics and chemistry of these processes. Prerequisites: GEOL 2602, 3131. GEOL 4112 Metamorphic Petrology 5 ch (2C 3L) [W] Study of metamorphic rocks emphasizing the processes responsible for their formation in terms of Deleted: Study of igneous rocks from the perspectives of magma genesis and differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationships between the physical/chemical aspects of magmatic systems and the tectonic setting of igneous rocks. 5 of 8
heat, pressure and fluid effects related to tectonic setting. Laboratories primarily concentrate on the acquisition of observational skills via hand specimens and detailed petrographic work supported by interpretation of geochemical and isotopic datasets. Prerequisite: GEOL 3131 or equivalent. GEOL 4122 X-ray and Electron Crystallography 5 ch (2C 3L) The direct application of X-ray and electron diffraction techniques as used in fundamental characterization of minerals and other materials. Laboratory work includes the study of minerals using X-ray, electron optical, and other determinative methods. Offered alternate years. Prerequisites: GEOL 2142. GEOL 4152 Volcanology (A) 5 ch (2C 3L) Physical volcanology, textural, petrologic, and petrogenetic study of ultramafic to felsic volcanic systems in a variety of tectonic environments are examined. Emphasis on magma/melt properties, phase relations and composition, crystallization processes, and gas exsolution and groundwater interaction processes are key. Laboratory studies emphasize petrology of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks in a variety of geological settings. Prerequisites: GEOL 2131, 2142, 3131. Deleted: ic Sedimentology II: Petrography, Palaeoenvironmments, GEOL 4212 5 ch (2C 3L) Sequence Stratigraphy Labs cover microscopic examination of sedimentary rocks (classification, porosity, and diagenesis) and exercises relating to palaeogeography and stratigraphic correlation. Lectures focus on modern and ancient sedimentary environments and facies (including rivers, lakes, deltas, estuaries, beaches, barrier islands, shallow and deep oceans), and sequence stratigraphy. Offered alternate years. Prerequisites: GEOL 2142, GEOL 2211. GEOL 4241 Historical Geology 5 ch (2C 3L) Application of geological principles to the evolution of the earth. Normally offered alternate years. Prerequisites: GEOL 2202, GEOL 2211, GEOL 2321, GEOL 3131 or permission of instructor. GEOL 4312 Geotectonics 5 ch (2C 3L) Principles of plate tectonics and their application to Phanerozoic, Proterozoic and Archean continental evolution. Labs include sea-floor spreading problems, and seminars on divergent, transform and convergent plate boundaries. Prerequisites: GEOL 2321, 3322. GEOL 4322 Flow of Rocks 5 ch (2C 3L) Application of material science to rock deformation. Theory of rock deformation. Development of microstructure and fabric in deformed rock. Labs will be concerned with observation and measurement of microstructure and fabric. Prerequisites: GEOL 2211, GEOL 3322. 6 of 8
GEOL 4401 Applied Glacial Geology 5 ch (3C 3L) [W] Study of the mass balance of glaciers and characteristics of flow, erosion and deposition by active and stagnant ice masses, facies relationships in processes and products of glaciated terrain, and assessment of terrain from air photos, maps, geophysical and core data. Practical applications include: relevance of sample collection and analyses for geotechnical evaluation and mineral prospecting, and identification of industrial resources and terrain hazards. Prerequisites: GEOL 2211, GEOL 2321 or permission of the instructor. GEOL 4412 Applied Rock Mechanics 5 ch (3C 2L) [W] The acquisition and use of geological data in the construction of engineering structures sited in rocks. The design of slopes in rock considering both the two and the three dimensional cases of sliding failure. The analysis of failed slopes to determine cohesion along the sliding surface. The improvement of rock slopes including the design of rock anchors. Prerequisites: GEOL 1001, GEOL 1012 and one of GEOL 1006 / GEOL 1026 / GEOL 1036. Deleted: Study of the characteristics of flow, erosion and deposition by active and stagnant ice masses, facies relationships in processes and products of glaciated terrain. Practical applications including relevance of sample collection and analyses for geotechnical and geochemical evaluation. Prerequisites: GEOL 2211, GEOL 2321 or permission of the instructor. GEOL 4432 Rock Mechanics Design 5 ch (2C 3L) The classification, description and testing of the rock mass and the measurement of in-situ stress. The stability of underground openings and the design of tunnel supports. Prerequisite: GEOL 4412. GEOL 4442 Mineral Resource Utilization 5 ch (3C 2L) Mineral exploration, evaluation, exploitation, processing, marketing and conservation. GEOL 4452 Environment Impact Assessment 5 ch (3C 3L) Introduction to environmental impact assessment (EIA) from the Canadian perspective, covering the history, scope and need for EIA, as well as the general approach and regulatory framework used in Canada and New Brunswick. The majority of the course focuses on geosciences in environmental investigations. Topics include: goals of investigations; physical processes of dispersion in the atmosphere, surface water, groundwater and glacial systems; important geochemical concepts that influence the transport and fate of contaminants in the environment. Assignments focus on aspects of contaminant transport in the environment. Seminars and term papers are based on case studies of EIA projects. Prerequisites: GEOL 3442. GEOL 4461 Economic Geology I 5ch (2C 3L) General features of mineral deposits, their origin, localization and classification, with emphasis on exploration, evaluation and development. Prerequisite: GEOL 3131 or approval of instructor. GEOL 4472 Economic Geology II 5ch (2C 3L) Advanced features of mineral deposits, their origin, localization and classification, with emphasis on exploration, evaluation and development. Prerequisite: GEOL 3131 or approval of instructor. GEOL 4501 Applied Geophysics I 5 ch (3C 2L) Introduction to the principles, survey procedures and interpretation techniques of the gravity, Deleted: The course begins with an i Deleted: which Deleted: s Deleted:. The Deleted: and a brief overview of the regulatory framework are presented. Deleted: The course involves three lecture hours per week, assignments, student seminars and term papers. The a Deleted: The s Deleted: Baseline assessment studies and site evaluation. Risk/benefit analysis. Overview of relevant environment legislation. Selected case studies. Deleted: Exploration Deleted: the Deleted: and 7 of 8
magnetic, and gamma radiation methods of geophysical exploration. Applications of these methods to geological mapping, mineral and hydrocarbon exploration, engineering and environmental applications.. Prerequisites: MATH 1013. GEOL 4512 Applied Geophysics II 5 ch (3C 2L) Introduction to principles, survey procedures and interpretation techniques of electrical, electromagnetic, and seismic methods of geophysical exploration. Application of these methods are illustrated by examples drawn from mineral and hydrocarbon exploration as well as engineering and environmental investigations. Prerequisites: MATH 1013. GEOL 4611 Physical Geochemistry 3 ch (3C) Application of thermodynamics and kinetics to geological problems. Multi-component equilibria and activity coefficients. Water-rock interactions. Prerequisites: CHEM 2601 / GEOL 2622, GEOL 2602. Deleted: Examples of Deleted: regional, Deleted: and structural problems are used Deleted: Exploration Deleted: the Deleted: The a Deleted: is Deleted: exploration of mineral deposits Deleted: or Deleted: geology GEOL 4612 Isotope Geochemistry 5 ch (5 C/L) [W] Theory and application of stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry in geology. Coverage includes radiometric dating, radiogenic and stable isotopic systems in petrology and geochemistry, and applications of radiogenic and stable isotopes to the solution of problems in paleoclimatology and environmental geochemistry. Offered in alternate years. Prerequisites: GEOL 2602, 3131. GEOL 4803 Work Term Report II CR A written report on the scientific activities of the work term. Credit for the course is dependent in part on the employer's evaluation of the student's work activities. Students must be accepted into the Geology Coop program to register for this course. Prerequisite: GEOL 3803. GEOL 4900 Thesis Project 8 ch [W] Students who intend to undertake a thesis project, either as an elective course or as a requirement for an Honours BSc degree, are advised to consult with their intended faculty supervisor near the end of their third year; requirements and guidelines for the project can be obtained from the Director of Undergraduate Studies. A written request for admission to the Honours programme and/or for permission to take this course must be submitted by the student to the Departmental Chair no later than October 1 of the student's final year; the letter must state the provisional title of the project and the name of the faculty member who has agreed to supervise the project. GEOL 4913 Independent Studies in Geology 3ch Advanced studies in a topic in geological sciences. The topic is to be chosen jointly by the student, advisor and Chair of the Department. May be taken for credit more than once. Title of topic will appear on transcript. Prerequisite: Permission of the Department. 8 of 8