o this e nd, the i nstitute for A pp lied T echnol ogy, and the O ffice for i nf orm ation Pro g rams.

NATHONAL IU R EAU Oil STAN DAR I S T he N ational Bure au of Stand ards ' was established by an act of Congress March 3 Wi l T he Bureau s overa ll g oal i s to stren g then and ad vance the N ation s science and technol o g y and facilitate their effective ap p lication for public benefit T o this e nd th e Bureau conducts research and p ro vid es: ( 1 ) a basis for the N ation s p hysical measurement system (2) scientific and technological services for ind ustry and government ( 3 ) a t echnical basis for equity in trad e and (4) technical services to public promote T he Bureau consists of the i nstitute for safety Basic Stand ards the i nstitute for Materials R esearch the i nstitute for A pp lied T echnol ogy the i nstitute for Com p uter Sciences and T echnolo g y and the O ffice for i nf orm ation Pro g rams T H E TN ST H T U T E E O R B A SH C ST A N D A R D S p rovid es the central basis within the U nited States of com a p lete and consistent system of p hysical m easurement ; coordinates th at system with me asurement systems of other nations ; and furnish es essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical m easurements throu g hout the N ation s scientific community ind ustry and commerce T he i nstitute consists of a Center for R adiation R esearch an O ffice of Meas l urement Services and the followin g divisions: A pp lied Mathem atics E lectricity Mechanics H e at O ptical Physics N ucle ar Sciences 2 A pplied R adiation Quantum E lectronics E lectroma g netics 3 Time and Frequency 3 L aboratory A stro p hysics Cryogenics T H E H N ST H T U T E E O R M A T E R H A L S R E SE A R CH conducts mat e rials rese arch leading to improved methods of me asurement stand ards and data on the pro p erties of well characterized materials ne ed ed by indu stry commerce educational institutions and Government ; provid es vernment advisory and research services to oth er Go a g encies ; and d evel ops prod uces and distributes standard reference T he i nstitute c onsists of the O ffice of Stand ard materials R eference Materials and t he following divisions : A nalytical Chemistry Polymers M etallur g y i nor g anic Materials R eactor R adiation Physical Che mistry T H E TN ST H T IUT E E O R A PPL H E D T E CH N O L O GY provid es technical services to promote the us e of a vailable technolo g y and to facilitate technolo g ical innovation i n industry and Go vernment ; cooperates with p ublic and p rivate or g anizati ons leadin g to the d evel opment of technolo g ical standards (includin g mand atory safety stand ards) cod es and methods of test ; and p rovid es technical advice and services to Go vernment a g encies upon T he i nstitute request consists of a C enter for Buildin g T echnolo g y and the following divisions and offices: E n g ineerin g and Product Stand ards Weights and Measures i nvention and i nnova tion Product E valuation T echnolo g y E lectronic T echnology T echnical A nalysis Measurement E n g ineering Structures Materials and Life S afety 4 Buildin g E nvironment 4 T echnical E valu ation and A p p lication 1 Eire T echnology T H E H N ST H T TJT E E O R CO M P U T E R SCH E N CE S A N D T E CH N O L O GY cond ucts r e s e arch and p ro vid es technical services desi g ned to ai d Government a g encies i n improvin g cost effec ti vene s s i n the conduct of their pro g rams throu g h the selection acquisition and effective utilization of automatic d ata proc essin g equi p ment ; and serves as the principal focus within the e xecutive branch for t he d evelopment of Federal standards for autom atic d ata processing e q u i p ment techniques and com p uter lan g ua g es T he i nstitute consists of the followin g divisions : Com p uter Services Systems and Software Com p uter Systems E n g ineerin g informa tion T echnol o g y T H E O E E H CE E O R i N E O R M A T H ON PR O G R A MS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information g enerated within N BS and other a g encies of the Federal Go vernment; pro motes the d e velopment of the N ational Stand ard R eference D ata System and a system of information analysis centers d ealin g with the broad er aspects of the N ational Measurement System ; provid es appropriate services to ensure that the N BS staff h optimum as accessibility to the scientific information of the world or g anizational units : T he O ffice consists of the following Omce of Standard R eference D ata O ffi ce of i nformation A ctivities O ffi ce of T echnical Publications L ibrary O ffice of i nternational R elations 1 H ea dq ua rte rs a nd L ab ora tories at G aith e rs b u r g M ary l and unl es s oth erwis e noted ; maili n g a ddr es s Was hi n g ton D C 20234 3 P a rt of th e C ente r for R adiati on R es earch 3 L ocate d at B oulder C ol orado 80302 4 Pa rt of th e C e nte r for B uildi ng T e ch nol o gy

G LQ U U G H ANQ f l o B i ca i ons anuary rou anuar y K e n n eth L K e l l y B ui l di n g E n vi r onm e n t D i v i s i on Ce n t e r for B u i l di n g T e ch n ol o gy In s ti tu t e for A p p l i ed T e ch nol o gy N ati on al B u r e au of St a nda rds Wa s hi n g t o n D C 20234 t 1 or U S D EPA RTMEN T O F CO MMERCE Frede ri ck B De nt Se cre ta r y N ATIO N A L BUREA U O F STA N D A RDS Richa rd W Robe rts Dire ctor Is s ue d A p ri l 1 974

L i b r a r y o f Con g r e s s Cat al o g i n g i n Publi cati on D a t a Ke l l y Ke nn e t h L ow 1 91 0 Col or i me t r y a nd s p e ct r o p h o t ome t r y : a b i b l i o g r (NBS s p e c i al pub l i c at i ofi 3 93 ) Sup t of D oc s no : 393 of S t a nd a r d s II Ti t l e III S e r i e s : Uni t e d c at i on 393 QCl OO U 57 no 3 93 [ z7i uu c7l s 89 ' o8s N a ti on al B u r e au of St an da r ds S p e ci al Pu bl i cati on 393 N a t B u r Sta n d Sp e c P ub] 393 54 p a g es (A p r 1 974) CO D E N : XN BSA V U S GO VE R N ME N T PR IN T IN G WA SH IN GT O N : 1 974 For s ale b y t h e Su p erin t e n d e n t of D ocu m e nts U S Gov e r n m e nt P rintin g O ffi c e Wa s hin gto n D C 2040 (O rd er b y SD Ca t alo g N o P rice 95 ce nt s

COL OR IMBTRY AND S PE C TROPHO TOME TRY A BIBL IOGRAPH Y OF NBS PUBLI CA TIONS J ANUARY 1 90 6 TH ROUGH J ANUARY 1 973 Ke nn e t h L Ke l l y Th i s b i b l i ogr a ph y o f pu b l i c a t i on s w i l l s e rv e a s t h e ke y t o t h e l a r g e a moun t o f r e s e a r ch in t o c o l or me a s ur e me n t a nd s p e c i f i c a t i on a nd c o l or vi s i on c a rr i e d ou t by t h e s ta f f o f t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r ds ( NBS ) i n c o l or ime t r y a nd s p e c t r o ph o t om e t r y Th e s e 6 2 3 pu b l i c a t i on s a p p e a r e d i n NBS pu b l i c a t i on s a nd ou t s i d e s c i e n t i f i c a nd t e chni c a l j ourna l s b e tw e e n Ja nua r y 1 90 6 a nd Ja nu a r y 1 973 Th i s ma t e r i a l h a s b n e e in c on s ta n t d e ma nd by Bur e a u me mb e r s a s w e l l a s by ou t s i d e i nd iv i d u a l s a nd or ga n i za t i on s Th e pr a c t i c a l va l u e o f t h i s w e a l th of in forma t i on l i e s i n i t s r e a d y a c c e s s i b i l i t y t o t h e s c i e n t i f i c a nd t e chn i c a l fr a t e r n i t y b y t i t l e by ke y w or d s or by a u th or in t h e Li br a r y o f Congr e s s a nd i n d e p o s i t or y l i br a r i e s s u c h a s la r g e pub l i c a nd un i v e r s i t y l ib ra r i e s A s h or t Or ga n i za t iona l c hr on o l ogy o f t h e c o l or ime t r y a nd S p e c t r O p h o t om e t r y pr o gra m i s i nc l ud e d Ke y Wor d s : B i b l i o gr a phy ; c o l or ; c o l or c o d e s ; c o l or me a s ur e m e n t ; c o l or ime t r y ; s p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y ; v i s i on 1 INTRODUC TION Th i s pa p e r l i s t s t h e 6 2 3 pu b l i c a t i on s on c o l or ime t r y 1 a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y 2 a u t h or e d b y me mbe r s o f t h e s ta f f o f t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s pu b l i s h e d d ur i ng t h e ye a r s 1 90 6 t o 1 973 ( Th e r e w e r e n o r e l e va n t pa p e r s b e tw e e n 1 90 1 t h e ye a r t h e Bur e a u wa s foun d e d a nd Th i s l i s t in g ma d e n e c e s s a ry by t h e c on s ta n t d e ma nd f or t h i s i n forma t i on a l s o c on t a in s t h e pu b l i c a t i on s o f Re s e a r ch A s s o c ia t e s a nd G u e s t Worke r s i n th e s e f i e l d s In a d d i t i on t o t h e ch r ono l o g i c a l l i s t i t c on t a i n s a n A u t h or 4 a nd a S u b j e c t I nd e x Th e e f e r e n c e numb e r s a p p e a r ing i n th e s e i nd e x e s r e f e r t o t h e e n t r i e s i n t h e ch r on o l og i ca l l i s t i ng A s h or t or ga n i z a t i ona l ch r on o l ogy o f t h e c o l or ime tr y a nd S p e c tr o ph o t ome t r y pr o gr a m i s in c l u d e d 2 HI S TORY S o on a f t e r t h e fou nd ing o f t h e Bure a u o f S t a nd a r d s i n 1 90 1 6 s tu d i e s i n ph o t ome tr y a nd c o l or ime t r y w e r e und e r ta k e n by memb e r s o f t h e s t a f f a t t h e r e qu e s t o f bu s in e s s s c i e n c e a nd ind u s t r y Th e r e s u l t s o f t h e s e s t ud i e s a p p e a r e d a s pa p e r s i n t h e Bu l l e t i n o f t h e Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s and in o t h e r s i c e n t i f i c a nd t e chn i c a l j our na l s Among t h e pr o j e c t s und e r ta k e n i n t h e s e forma t i v e y e a r s w e r e t h o s e in t h e f i e l d s o f l e n g th e l e c t r i c i t y s p e c t r o s c o p y f i b e r s Co l or ime t r y t h e s t ud y o f c o l or me a s u r e me n t s p e c i f i c a t i on d e s i gna t i on t o l e r a n c e s b l ind n e s s c o l or - ord e r s y s t e ms v i s i on S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y t h e s p e c tr a l me a s ur e me n t o f r e f l e c t i n g or tr a n smi t t i n g s amp l e s inc lu d ing r e du c t i on o f t h e d a t a S e e S e c t i on s 9 4 S e e S e c t 1 on l l 5 S e e S e c t i on 1 0 6 Na me c h a ng e d fr om Bu r e a u o f S t a nd a r d s ( B8 ) t o t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s (NBS ) in 1 9 3 4

a nd c l i n i c a l t h e rmome t e r s i n a d d i t i on t o t h e w ork in ph o t ome t r y a nd c o l or im e t r y Th e c h a l l e n g e s t o t h e s " e p i on e e r s " w e r e t r e me nd ou s a s s h own by t h e d i ve r s i t y o f f i e l d s s tu d i e d by s o f ew me n S t a nd a r d i z a t i on o f c o l or s wa s t h e f i e l d o f r s e e a r ch wh i ch a t t r a c t e d t h e mo s t i n t e r e s t a nd c onc e rn in i nd u s t r y a s w e l l a s i n t h e s c i e n t i f i c c ommun i t y [ l ] 7 R e q u e s t s for a s s i s t a nc e in c o l or me a s ur e me n t a nd s t a nd a r d i za t i on w e r r e e c e i ve d fr om t h f i e e ld s o f c o t t on s e e d o i l ma r ga r i n e bu t t e r fr om g l a s s ( in s i gna l l a mp s h e a d l i gh t s a nd s p e c ta c l e s for e y e pr o t e c t i on) t o p e t r o l e um o i l t ur p e n t i n e r o s in pa p e r a nd t x t i l s fr om f l our e e s uga r e gg s h e l l s e gg yo l k s d y e s a nd w a t e r t o che mi c a l s o lu t i on s pa in t s por t l a nd c e m e n t t oba c c o t o por c e l a i n e nam e l s a nd e ve n b l o od a nd huma n s k in t h l a t t r o f c on c r n e e e t o b i o l og i s t s a nd a n thr o p o l o g i s t s Th e l i s t o f a u t h or s o f th e s e pa p e r s r e a d s l ike a n e a r l y Wh o ' s Wh o in S c i e nc e S ome o f t h e s e me n l a t e r r o s e th r ou gh t h e r a nks a t t h e Bur e a u wh i l e o th e r s w e n t t o s c i e n t i f i c or ind u s tr i a l or ga n i z a t i on s whe r e t h e y c a r r i e d on t h e h i gh - l e ve l a nd ima g i na t i v e r e s a r c h e wh i c h ch a ra c t e r i z e d t h e i r e a r l y d e v e l o pm e n t a l y e a r s a t t h e Bur e a u Ma ny o f t h e a r l y pa p r s e e l i s t e d i n th i s r e p or t form e d t h e c orne r s t on e s o f a l l ph o t ome t r y a nd c o l or ime tr y s u ch a s t h e on e on t h e s t a nd a r d v i s i b i l i t y curve [ 2] by Gi b s on a nd Tynd a l l a nd t h e pa p e r d e f i n i ng t h e I n t e r na t i ona l C omm i s s i on on I l l um ina t i on ( I C I ) ( I n t e r n a t i ona l e d e 1 ( 1 92 7) now Commi s s i on ' E c l a i r a g e ( C IE) ) S t a nd a rd Ob s e rv e r a nd Co or d i na t e S y s t e m [ 3] b y Jud d I t c a n b e s e e n fr om t h e c h r on o l og i c a l l i s t ing t ha t t h e e c o l or ime tr y w or k wa s c a rr i 8 8 a r l y e d on by Hyd e ( l 9o2 ) 8 Nu t t i ng a nd I ve s Nu t t i ng w a s i n c ha r g e i n 1 9 1 1 I n 1 91 3 Mr Irw i n G Pr i e s t wa s Ch i e f o f t h e S e c t i on on C o l or ime t r y in t h e O p t i c s D i v i s i on a nd h e c on t i nu e d i n th a t ca pa c i t y un t i l h i s d e a th i n 1 9 3 2 wh e n h e w a s fo l l ow d e a s Ch i e f by Dr K S Gi b s on I n 1 94 8 t h e O p t i c s Div i s i on w a s m e r ge d w i th t h e E l e c t r i c i t y Di v i s i on t o form t h e D i v i s i on o f E l e c t r i c i t y a nd O p t i c s a n d by r e or ga n i z a t i on t h e Di v i s i on o f O p t i c s a nd Me tr o l ogy in 1 95 0 I n 1 95 5 on Dr Gi b s on ' s r e t i r e me n t Mr L E Ba r b r ow b e c a me Ch i e f o f t h e Ph o t om e t r y a nd Co l or ime t r y S e c t i on wh i ch in 1 9 60 b e c a me pa r t o f t h e Me t r o l o gy Di v i s i on I n 1 9 6 6 t h e Co l or ime t r y a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on w a s r e forme d w i t h Mr I N i me r o f f a s Ch i e f Wh e n t h e Me t r o l og y Di vi s i on wa s c omb ine d w i t h t h e D i vi s i on o f A t om i c a nd Mo l e c u l a r Ph y s i c s i n 1 9 69 t h e c o l or ime t r y pr o gra m wa s t ra n s f e r r e d i n t o t h e In s t i t u t e f or A pp l i e d Te chno l ogy a nd d e s i gna t e d a s t h e O f f i c e o f C o l or ime t r y Th e S p e c t r o ph o t om e t r y pa r t o f t h e o l d C o l or ime t r y a nd S p e ct r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on b e c am e t h e S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on o f t h e n e w O p t i c a l Ph ys i c s Div i s i on Mo s t o f t h e O f f i c e o f Co l or ime t r y w a s t r a n s f e r r e d in 1 9 70 t o t h e A p p l i e d A c ou s t i c s a nd I l lumi na t i on S e c t i on o f t h e Bu i ld i ng Re s e a r c h Div i s i on 9 N ow t h e c o l or ime t r y pr o gr a m i s i n t h e S e n s or y Env ir onme n t S e c t i on o f t h e Bu i ld i ng Env ir onme n t Di v i s i on Dr Jud d on e o f t h e w or ld a u t h or i t i e s on c o l or r ema i n e d w i t h t h e c o l or ime t r y pr ogra m un t i l h i s d e a th i n 1 9 72 a l th ou gh a s s i gn e d a s c ons u l t a n t t o t h e D i r e c t or o f t h e I n s t i t u t e for Ap p l i e d Te chn o l o g y De s p i t e t h e or ga n i z a t i ona l c ha ng e s i d e n t i f i e d a bove s i gn i f i c a n t w ork c on t inu e d on c o l or s ta nd a r d s t o l e r a n c e s me a s ur e m e n t s p e c i f i c a t i on a nd c o l or v i s i on Th e s e ch a ng e s r e f l e c t n ew d ema nd s fr om r a p id l y e x pa nd ing f i e l d s o f r e s e a r ch Among t h e s e f or in s ta n c e a r e cha l l e ng i n g n ew pr ob l e ms a r i s i ng fr om t h e fa s t gr ow ing f i e ld s o f a e r o s pa c e ( h e a t ba la n c e b e tw e e n s o l a r ra d ia t i on a nd c o ld in s pa c e c ra f t ) c o l or s t a nd a r d s a nd t o l e ra n c e s ( s p e c i fy c o l or a nd a c c e p t a b l e va r i a t i on in pur ch a s e s p e c i f i c a t i on s ) a nd s a f e t y ( on e s a f e t y c o l or c od e for ma rk i ng ph ys i c a l h a za r d s a nd h i ghwa y t r a f f i c s i gn s a d a p t e d t o h e l p c o l or b l ind ) 3 CONTRIBU TIONS FROM PRIVA TE INDUS TRY A c on s i d e ra b l e s our c e o f i ns p i r a t i on a nd s u p p or t t o t h e C o l or ime t ry S e c t i on in i t s e a r l y d a y s c am e fr om Mr A H Muns e l l a no t e d a r t i s t fr om Bo s t on Mr Mun s e l l r e a l i z e d tha t th e r e wa s no pr a c t i c a l a nd s c i e n t i f i c ' me t h od o f t e a ch i ng c o l or e i th e r in a r t s ch o o l s or i n t h e gr a d e s c h o o l s wh e r e mo s t s tud e n t s g e t th e ir f ir s t c o l or i n s t ru c t i on H e w orke d t ow a r d t h e r e a l i z a t i on o f " a s imp l e a nd pr a c t i c a l no t a t i on or m e th od o f w r i t in g ( d e s i gna t i ng ) 7 F i gur e s i n br a c ke t s ind i c a t e t h e l i t e r a tu r e r e fe r e n c e s in t h e B i b l i ogr a ph y ( S e c t i on 8 Ye a r e a ch j o in e d t h e Bur e a u o f S t a nd a rd s 9 Now t h e C e n t e r for Bu i ld in g Te chno l ogy

c o l or " [ 4] by t h e u s e o f a s y s t em th a t " por t r a y s t h e t hr e e d im e n s ion s ( h u e va l u e or l i gh tn e s s a nd chr oma or s a t ur a t i on) o f c o l or a nd me a s ur e s e a ch b y a n a p pr o pr i a t e s c a l e " e a c h s c a l e t o c on s i s t o f c o l or e d s amp l e s s e pa r a t e d by v i s ua l l y e q ua l s t e p s Th e c l a r i fy i n g phr a s e s i n p ar e n t h e s e s a r e t h e a u th or ' s Mr Mu n s e l l ' s f i r s t c on t a c t w i th t h e Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s w a s in 1 90 1 j u s t a f t e r t h e forma t i o n o f t h e Bur e a u whe n h e w r o t e Dr S t r a t t on t h e Dir e c t or " a s k i ng a bou t c o l or " H e v i s i t e d t h e Bu r e a u i n 1 9 1 1 w h e r e h e me t Dr P G Nu t t in g wh o w a s in ch a r g e o f t h e w ork th a t i n c lud e d c o l or ime t r y Mr Mu n s e l l ' s s on Mr A E O Mu n s e l l me t Mr Pr i e s t i n 1 92 1 a nd fr om t h i s me e t in g a v e r y c l o s e r e l a t i on s h i p d e ve l o p e d from wh i ch t h e C o l or ime tr y a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on ha s b e n e f i t e d ma t e r i a l l y t h r ou gh ou t t h e y e a r s An i nd i c a t i on o f t h e d e gr e e o f c o op e r a t i on i s t h e fa c t t h a t t h e Mu ns e l l Co l or Compa n y h a s p la c e d s e v e n Re s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e s a t t h e Bu r e a u By 1 940 2 3 pa p e r s c ov e r ing th i s w ork ha d b e e n pr e s e n t e d t o' t h e O p t i c a l So c i e t y o f Ame r i c a I n a d d i t i on a g ood d e a l o f un pu b l i s h e d w or k w a s p e r forme d w h i ch c on t r i bu t e d " t o t h e d e v e l o pm e n t o f ba s i c i n forma t i on n e c e s s a r y i f ( t h e ) Muns e l l ( c o l or - or d e r s y s t e m) or a ny o the r c o l or s y s t e m wa s t o b e c r i t i c a l l y s tu d i e d or s t a nda r d i z e d Th i s w ork fund e d by t h e Mu n s e l l Re s e a r ch La b or a t or y w a s c ondu c t e d bo th a t NBS a nd a t t h e Mu n s e l l R e s e a r ch La b or a t or y i n Ba l t imor e I n a d d i t i on t o t h e r e gu l a r Mu n s e l l C o l or Compa ny s t a f f s e v e n p e r s on s w e r e e mp l o ye d a t on e t ime or a n o t h e r i n t h e s tr i c t l y s c i e n t i f i c w ork a t t h e Ba l t imor e La bora t or y Th e s e w e r e : Mi r i a m O ' Br i a n Lou i s e S l oa n (Row l a nd ) Ge r a ld i n e Wa lk e r ( Ha u p t ) e mp l oye d by NBS i n 1 92 7 I H God l ov e Ca r l Boe chn e r Pr e n t i c e Re e v e s a nd W i l la r d Va l e n t ine Th e s e v e n R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e s p la c e d a t NBS w e r e Ca S p e r L C o t t r e l l I G Pr i e s t D B Ju d d F H Ha r r i s ( r e t ir e d l a t e r a s S e c t i on Ch i e f i n t he E l e c t r i c i t y Di v i s i on ) F G Br i c kw e d d e ( r e t ir e d la t e r a s Div i s i on Ch i e f o f t h e He a t a n d Pow e r Di v i s i on) E P ; T Tynd a l l a nd W Gr e e nbe r g A s i gn i f i ca n t c on t r i bu t i on o f t h e Co l or ime t r y a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on t o t h e d e s i gna t i on o f c o l or i n a r t s c i e n c e a nd ind u s tr y c am e t h r ou gh r e s e a r ch fund e d b y t h e Ame r i c a n Ph a rma c e u t i c a l A s s o c i a t i on Th i s w or k l e d t o a s imp l e e a s i l y und e r s t ood a nd a c cu r a t e ly d e f in e d me t h od o f d e s i gna t in g c o l or s i n wh i c h t h e c o l or - na m e bound a r i e s w e r e S p c i f i e e d in Mu ns e l l n o t a t i on " I t a l s o pr ov i d e d t h e imp e t u s for ma ny o f t h e pa p e r s l i s t e d h e r e cu lmina t ing w i t h t h e C o l or Na me s D i c t i ona r y ( NBS C ir c u la r 5 5 3 ) [ 1 0 ] pub l i s h e d by t h e In t e r - S o c i e ty Co l or Cou nc i l ( ISCC) a nd t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s (NBS ) in 1 95 5 t h e I S CO - NBS C e n t r o id C o l or Ch a r t s (NB S S t a nd a r d S amp l e #2 1 0 6) [ 1 1 ] in 1 9 6 5 a nd t h e Un ive r s a l Co l or Langu a g e [ 1 2 ] i n 1 9 6 5 In a d d i t i on t h i s r e s e a r ch p l a y e d a v i t a l r o l e in t h e forma t i on o f t h e In t e r - S o c i e t y C o l or C ou nc i l ( IS CC) 1 0 i n 1 9 3 1 a nd t h e Co l or Ma r k e t i ng Gr ou p m um i n 1 96 2 Th e c l o s e C o o p r a t i on b tw n NBS and e e e e t h e Mu n s e l l Co l or Compa ny h a s c on t inu e d th r ou gh t h e y e a r s Th i s ha s r e s u l t e d i n s u c h la n dma r k d e v e l o pme n t s a s t h e Mun s e l l Re n o t a t i on Sy s t m i n e 1 94 3 i n wh i ch t h e s pa c i ng s i n t h e th r e e s c a l e s o f h u e va l u e ( l i gh t ne s s ) a nd ch r oma ( s a tu ra t i on ) w er s mo o thed a n d e e a ch c o l or w a s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e 1 93 1 CI E s y s t e m a nd fa c i l i t a t e d ' Mu n s e l l s s i gn i f i c a n t c on t r i bu t i on t o t h e d e v e l opme n t o f t h e ISCC - NBS C e n tr o i d Co l or s i n 1 9 6 5 Th e Mu n s e l l Co l or C omp a ny i n 1 9 6 7 fund e d a c o o p e r a t i v e s t ud y t o d v e e lo p a n impr ov e d v i s u a l l y un i form c o l or S pa c ing t e ch ni que ba s e d on t h e w or k o f t h e Op t i c a l S o c i e t y o f Am e r i c a (O S A ) C ommi t t e e on Un i form C o l or S c a l e s Th e f ou nd i n g o f t h e I n t e r - S oc i e t y C o l or C ou n c i l w a s a d i r e c t ou t gr ow th o f t h e e a r l y w ork on t h e c o l or - name s pr o j e c t I t e x i s t s a s a me d i um f or in t e r ch a n g e o f in for ma t i on a nd d e v e l o pme n t o f b a s i c c on c e p t s on c o l or - r e l a t e d pr o b l e ms Th e C o l or Ma r k e t ing Gr ou p w a s a d ir e c t ou t gr ow t h o f t h e I SCC I t s pur po s e i s t h e u s e o f c o l or t o b e t t e r ma rke t pr odu c t s a nd s e r v i c e s a t a pr o f i t

In 1 94 2 t h e Mun s e l l Co l or F ound a t i on wa s f orme d a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e me mb r s e o f t he Mu n s e l l fa mi l y TWo o f t h e d u t i e s o f t h i s non - pr o f i t Found a t i on w e r e t o h o l d t h s t o ck o f e a nd a s s ume t h e d i r e c t i on o f t h e Muns e l l Co l or Compa ny A fu r th e r i nd i c a t i on o f t h e c on t i nu ing c l o s e c o op e ra t i on b e t w e e n NBS a nd t h e Mun s e l l Co l or C ompa ny w a s a s t i pu l a t i on i n t h e forma t i on o f t h e F ound a t i on th a t one o f t h e t h r e e or i g i na l Tr u s t e e s wa s t o b e a pp o i n t e d by t h e D ir e c t or o f NBS Dr Ju d d wa s s o a p p o i n t e d a nd wa s e l e c t e d Pr e s id e n t o f t h e Found a t i on b y t h e o t h e r Tru s t e e s H e s e rv e d a s Pr e s id e n t w i th ou t r e mune r a t i on fr om i t s forma t i on i n 1 94 2 un t i l h i s d e a t h i n 1 9 72 Ma ny s c i e n t i f i c a nd t e c h n i c a l a s s o c i a t i o n s a n d c ompa n i e s h a v e c on t r i bu t e d t o t h w or k e o f t h e C o l or ime t r y a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on a nd i n s o d o i ng h a ve b e n f i t e e d i n r e t ur n Th e Corn i n g Gl a s s Work s for in s t a n c e th r ough the i r Dr H P Ga g e c o op e r a t e d w i t h our Dr K S G i b s on b e tw e e n 1 92 6 a nd 1 94 6 i n t h e d e v e l opme n t a nd a p p l i c at i on o f c o l or e d g la s s f i l t e r s t o b e u s e d a s t h e c o l or s t a nd a r d s i n r a i lw a y s i gna l i n g i n th i s c ou n t r y B e fore t h e d e v e l o pme n t o f S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y a nd t h e 1 93 1 C IE S t a nd a r d Ob s e r ve r a nd c o or d i na t e S y s t e m [ 3 ] a s t h e me a n s o f in t e r pr e t ing s p e c t r o ph o t ome t r i c d a t a s ta nd a rd l im i t g l a s s e s w e r e u s e d t o c ont r o l t h e r a ng e o f c o l or a c c e p t a b l e f or a pa r t i cu l a r s i gna l a p p l i ca t i on 8 0 s u c c e s s fu l w a s th i s s y s t e m th a t i t s e rv e d a s t h e ba s i s o f t h e s i gna l i ng s ys t e ms u s e d l a t e r f or t h e c on t r o l o f v e h i c u l a r ma r in e a nd a i r cr a f t t r a f f i c On l y n ow i s th i s s ys t e m o f c o l or e d g l a s s s ta nd a r d s b e i ng s l ow l y s u p p l a n t e d by ph o t o e l e c t r i c c o l or ime t r y a nd S p e c t r ora d i ome t r y a me t h od by wh i c h t h e c o l or o f t h e w h o l e s i gna l d e v i c e c ons i s t i ng o f a l a mp or k e r o s e n e f la m e r e f l e c t or a nd c o l or e d l e n s c a n b e me a s ur e d i n O p e ra t i n g p o s i t i on 4 IMPA C T OF PUBLIC ATIONS Th e pa p e r s l i s t e d h e r e h a v e h a d a a p p l i c a t i on o f c o l or i n s c i e n c e a r t a nd ind u s t ry Th e ch r b ne flm g i e a hmi js mi fi g ; i nc l udi n g t h e Au th or a nd S ub j e c t I nd e x e s i s a lmo s t s ynonymou s wi t h ' t h e n ba s i e wor kb i n ~ v i s i on i n t h e f ir s t t h r e e q ua r t e r s O f t h e 2 ot h c e n t ur y Re s e a r ch e r s l ike Nu t t i ng Tynd a l l Pr i e s t Gi b s on Jud d a nd Hun t e r a r e a mong th o s e wh o c on t r i bu t e d gr e a t l y t o t h e f i e l d s o f v i s i on a s w e l l a s c o l or Jud d ' s ba s i c b o o k on Co l or in Bu s i n e s s S c i e n c e a nd I nd u s tr y i n i t s tw o e d i t i on s h a s b e e n " t h e " t e x t bo ok i n c o l or p s y c h o ph y s i i c s s i n c e i t s pu b l i c a t i on in 1 95 2 S u b j e c t s l ik e t h e vi s i b i l i t y o f r a d i a n t e n e r gy ( now t h e luminou s e f f i c i e n c y func t i on ) ph o t ome t r y o f l a mp s c o l or v i s i on c o l or b l ind n e s s c o l or - or d e r s ys t ems t h e C I E S t a nd a r d O bs e r v e r a nd C o or d i na t e S y s t e m S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y c o l or m e a s ur e me n t a nd s p e c i f i c a t i on s a f e t y c o l or c od e s g l o s s a nd o t h e r s ur fa c e cha r a c t e r i s t i c s c o l or t e mp e r a t ur e c o l or s t a n d a r d s a nd t o l e r a n c e s c on s t i t u t e on l y a pa r t i a l l i s t i ng o f t h e c on t r i bu t i on s ma d e b y NBS t o t h e d e ve l o pm e n t a nd a p p l i c a t i on o f c o l or in c omm e r c e a n d ind u s t r y 5 COOPERA TION WI TH OUTS I DE ORGANI ZA TIONS Th r ou gh ou t t h e y e a r s t h e me mb e r s o f t h e C o l or ime t ry a n d S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on h a v e c on tr i bu t e d t o a nd h e l d p o s i t i on s of l e a d e r s h i p i n ma ny s c i e n t i f i c a nd t e chn i c a l or ga n i z a t i on s In s e v e r a l the y ha v e b e e n ch a r t e r me mb e r s Amon g th e s e a r e Ame r i c a n A s s o c i a t i on f or t h e Adva n c e me n t o f S c i e n c e Ame r i c a n C e ra mi c S o c i e t y Ame r i c a n I n s t i t u t e o f Ph ys i c s Ame r i c a n I ns t r ume n t S o c i e t y Ame r i c a n Me d i c a l A s s o c i a t i on Am e r i ca n O i l Ch em i s t s S o c i e t y Am e r i c a n Pha rma c e u t i ca l A s s oc i a t i on Am e r i c a n Ph ys i ca l S o c i e t y A s t r onomi c a l S o c i e t y A s s o c ia t i on o f Ph ys i c s Te a c h e r s Co l or Ma r k e t ing Gr ou p I l lum i na t i ng Eng in e e r ing Re s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e C o l or P s ych o ph ys i c s i s t h e s tud y a nd a p p l i c a t i on o f p s y ch o ph y s i c a l me th od s t o th e i nv e s t i ga t i on a nd me a s ure me n t o f c o l or

In s t i t u t e o f E l e c t r i c a l Eng i ne e r s I n t e r na t i ona l Co l or A s s o c i a t i on I n t e r na t i ona l C ommi s s i on on I l lumi na t i on I n t e r - S o c i e t y Co l or Counc i l Lond on I l lumi na t i ng E n g i ne e r in g S o c i e t y Muns e l l C o l or Fou nd a t i on Op t i c a l S o c i e t y o f Ame r i ca Ph y s i c a l S o c i e t y o f Lond on Soc i e t i e Fr a nc a i s e d e Ph y s i q u e Un i on o f Ge od e s y a nd Ge oph y s i c s was h in g t on A c a d e my o f Me d i c i n e Wa s h i ng t on Ac a d emy o f S c i e n c e s Th e me mb e r s h a v e a l s o c on t r i bu t e d t o a nd h e l d po s i t i on s i n a numb e r o f s ta nd a r d i z i n g or ga n i za t ion s s u c h a s Ame r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n of Te x t i l e Ch e mi s t s n an d C o l or i s t s Ame r i ca n Na t i ona l S t a nd a r d s In s t i tu t e ( f ir s t t h e Ame r i c a n En gi ne e r i n g S ta nd a r d s C ommi t t e e th e n t h e Ame r i c a n S t a nd a r d s A s s o c i a t i on the n t h e Un i t e d S t a t e s o f Ame r i c a S t a nd a r d s In s t i t u t e ) Ame r i c a n S o c i e t y for Te s t ing a nd Ma t e r i a l s A s s o c i a t i on o f Ame r i c a n Ra i lr o a d s E l e c t r on i c I nd u s t r i e s A s s o c i a t i on I l lum ina t in g Eng in e er i n g S o c i e t y I n s t i tu t e o f Tr a f f i c En g i n e e r s In t er h ab i enal J Smamda mfi s uo r g a n i z at d o n s ' Na t i o na l J oi n t ' Commi t t e e on f Un i f or m Tr a f f i c C on t r o l D ev i c e s f or S t r e e t s a nd Hi ghw a y s Te ch n i c a l A s s o c ia t i on o f t h e Pu l p a n d Pa p e r Indu s t r y Te x t i l e Co l or Ca r d A s s oc i a t i on ( n ow t h e C o l or A s s o c ia t i on of t h e Un i t e d S t a t e s ) Th e y ha ve a l s o w - ork e d c l o s e l y w i t h a nd c on t r i bu t e d t o pr o gr a ms d e a l i ng w i th c o l or I n a numb e r o f go ve r nme n t a g e n c i e s i nc lu d i ng De pa r t me n t o f Agr i cu l t ur e De pa r tme n t o f De fe n s e De p a r tm e n t o f Tr a ns por t a t i o n F e d e r a l Av i a t i on Adm ini s t r a t i on F e d e r a l C ommun i c a t i on s Comm i s s i on Ge n er a l S er v i c e s Admini s tr a t i on Na t i ona l Ac a d e my o f S c i en c e s Na t i ona l Re s e a r ch C ounc i l O c cupa t i ona l Sa f e t y a nd Hea l th Adm in i s t ra t i on Po s t O f f i c e De pa r tme n t Ve t e r a ns Admini s tr a t i on Ano t h e r impor t a n t c on t r i bu t i on o f t h e Co l or ime tr y a nd S p e c t r o ph o t ome tr y S e c t i on thr ou gh ou t i t s mor e t h a n a h a l f - c e n t ur y o f e x i s t e n c e h a s b e e n t h e s ha r i ng o f i t s e xp e r t i s e w i t h t h o s e n on - pr o f e s s i ona l s a s w e l l a s s pe c ia l i s t s s e e k ing in forma t i on on c o l or a nd v i s i on Le t t e r s o f inqu i r y a nd r e q u e s t s f or a s s i s t a nc e ha v e c ome fr om a l l pa r t s o f t h e Un i t e d S ta t e s a nd cov e r a w i d e r a ng e o f s ub j e c t s An ind i c a t i o n o f t h e d ive r s i t y o f t h e r e q u e s t s i s pr ov i d e d b y t h e fo l l ow in g e xa mp l e s Te l l me a l l a b ou t c o l or Wha t c o l or s w e r e t h e c i r c l e a nd d o t o f t h e in s i gn i a on t h e a l l i e d p l a n e s i n Wor l d Wa r I? Wh a t c o l or i s 3 1 64 3? D e t a i l e d r e q u e s t s a bou t c o l o r v i s i on Re que s t s for a s s i s ta n c e in d e ve l o p i ng c o l or s t a nd a rd s a nd t o l e r a n c e s f or t h e F e d e r a l Gov e r nme n t or f or in du s tr y Req u e s t s f or c o l o r a s s i s ta n c e i n b ook s on ph o t o gramme t ry f l ow e r s o c e a nogr a ph y mu s hr o oms

Mor t ua r y c o sme t i c s Sk i n c o l or s 6 THE NUMBERING S YS TEM Th e ind iv i d ua l pa p e r s in th i s l i s t h a v e b e e n a rr a nge d a c c ord ing t o t h e y e a r and m o f pu b l i c a t i on A s s t a t e d e a r l i e r e a c h p a p e r h a s b e e n a s s i gn e d a se r i a l numb e r S t a r t w i th 1 Th e s e numb e r s a r e a l s o u s e d t o r e f e r e nc e ind iv i d u a l pa p e r s und e r s p e c i f i c h e a a nd und e r a u th or ' s na me s in t h e Au t h or I nd e x a nd i n t h e Su b j e c t I nd e x Ea c h r e f e r e n c e i nc lud e s b e s id e s t h e c h r on o l og i c a l s e r i a l numb e r t h e a u thor ' s nam t h e t i t l e o f t h e pa p e r or a b s t ra c t t h e a b br e v ia t i on o f t h e j our na l or pu b l i c a t i on in w h i ch i t a pp e a r s t h e vo lume numb e r und e r s c or e d t h e be g inn i ng pa g e numbe r a nd t h e y e a pu b l i ca t i on i n pa r e n the s e s I f t h e r a p e r i s pu b l i s h e d i n mor e tha n on e j ou r n a l s u b s e q r e f e r e n c e s fo l l ow t h e f ir s t a nd a r e s e pa r a t e d b y s e m i c o l on s 7 IN AP PRE C IA TI ON I t i s a p l e a s ur e t o a ckn ow l e d g e t h e c on t r i bu t i on s o f e a ch o f t h e me mbe r s o f th e Co l or ime t r y a nd S pe c t r o ph o t ome t r y S e c t i on e s p e c i a l l y Dr De a n e B Ju d d w h o s po n s or e d p r o j e c t a nd w h o w i t h h i s v e r y br oa d kn ow l e d ge a nd e xpe r i e n c e w a s a c on s t a n t so ur c e i n s p ir a t i on a nd gu i d a nc e 8 BI BLIOGRA PHY l C ochra n e Re xmond C Me a s ur e s f or Pr o gr e s s A Hi s t or y o f t h e Na t i ona S t a nd a r d s pa g e 2 70 Su pe r in t e n d e n t Wa s h i ng t on D C 2 040 2 2 G i b s on K S a nd Tynda l l E P T S e e i t e m 90 in S e c t i on 9 3 Ju d d De a ne B Se e i t e m 2 2 1 i n S e c t i on 9 4 N i ck e r s on Dor o th y H i s t or y o f t h e Mun s e l l Co l or S ys t e m C o l or Eng i ne e r ing 7 ( S e p t - 0 c t 5 I b i d p 4 2 6 N i c k e r s on Dor o t h y Hi s t or y o f t h e Mun s e l l C o l or S y s t e m a nd It s S c i e n t i fi c A pp l i c a J; O p t So c Ame r 30 5 76 7 S e e 4 a b o ve p 4 6 8 I b i d p 4 7 9 I b i d p 49 ; a l s o s e e 6 a b ove p 5 8 5 1 0 Ke l l y K L : a nd Jud d D B S e e i t e m 4 6 5 3 i n S e c t i on 9 1 1 S e e i t e m 5 l 7a in S e c t i on 9 1 2 Ke l l y Ke nn e th L s e e i t e m 5 1 8 in S e c t i on 9

9 CH RONOLO GI CAL LI S T OF P U BLI CATIONS Co t t on Pr od u c t s Ana l y s t s ( n ow t h e Ame r O i l Ch e m p 6 June 2 1 1 9 1 3 Hyd e Edw a r d P Ta l b o t ' s l aw a s a p p l i e d t o t h e r o t a t i n g 1 4 s e c t or e d d i s k Bu l l Bur S t a nd 2 1 ( 1 90 6) S2 6 Nu t t i ng P G Pr i e s t I rw i n G A ph o t om e t r i c e r r or s ome t i me s a c c ompa ny i n g t h e u s e o f a pa ir o f n i c o l s a nd a pr o pos a l for i t s e l imi na t i on J Wa s h A c a d S c i 3 2 98 A p o c ke t s p e c t r O p h o t ome t e r Bu l l Bur S t a nd 2 3 1 7 ( 1 90 6) S 3 9 1 5 Nu t t in g P G Pur i t y a nd in t e n s i t y o f mon o chr oma t i c C ob l e n t z W W Th e d i f fu s e r e f l e c t i ng p ow e r o f va r i ou s s u b s t a n c e s Bu l l Bur S t a nd 9 2 8 3 ( 1 9 1 3) 8 1 9 6 l i gh t s our c e S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 2 4 3 9 ( 1 90 7) S44 Nu t t i ng P G Th e c omp l e t e f orm of Fe ch n e r ' s l aw Bu l l Bur S t a nd 3 5 9 ( 1 90 7) S49 Nu t t i n g P G Th e lum i nou s e q u i va l e n t o f r a d i a t i on S c i Pa p Bu r S t a nd 5 2 6 1 ( 1 908 ) $ 1 0 3 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Th e q ua r t z c o l or ime t e r a nd i t s a p p l i c a b i l i t y t o t h e c o l or gr a d i ng o f c o t t on s e e d o i l R e p Pr o c F i f t h Ann Me e t S oc C o t t on Pr od u c t s Ana l y s t s (now Am e r O i l Ch e m S oc ) p 2 1 Ma y 1 6 1 9 1 4 Pr i e s t I rw in G A pr o p o s e d me t h od f or t h e ph o t om e tr y o f l i gh t s o f d i f f e r e n t c o l or s N k j t qi é l eg p u fy u 11 0 1 3 i 1 0 v r o j e r f ' 4 Ph y s R e v g 64 2 3 4 1 1 g 2 08 s c a l e o f pur e c o l or Bu l l 8 9 ( 1 90 9-1 0) 8 1 1 8 Nu t t i n g P G Lumi n o s i t y a n d t e mpe r a t ur e Bu l l Bur S t a nd 6 3 3 7 ( 1 909-1 0) 8 1 0 3 Iv e s He r b e r t E Da y l i gh t e f f i c i e n c y o f a r t i f i c i a l i l l umi na n t s Bu l l Bur S t a nd 6 2 3 1 ( 1 909-1 0) 8 1 2 5 Pr i e s t Irw in ' G Th e Bur e a u of S t a n d a r d s c on t r a s t me t h o d f or me a s ur ing t r a n s p a r e nc y Tr a n s Ame r C e r a m S oc 1 1 1 5 0 Pr i e s t I rw i n G a nd P e t e r s Cha un c e y G Re p or t on i nv e s t i ga t i ons c on c e r n i n g t h e c o l or a nd s p e c t r a l t r a n smi s s i on o f c o t t on s e e d o i l Re p or t Pr o c S ix th Ann C onv Soc C o t t on Pr o d u c t s Ana l y s t s ( n ow Ame r O i l Ch e m p 6 7 Ma y 1 4-1 5 1 9 1 5 Iv e s He r b e r t E Wh i t e l i gh t fr om t h e me r c ur y a r c a nd i t s c omp l e me nt a r y Bu l l Bur S t a nd 6 2 65 ( 1 909-1 0) 8 1 2 8 2 1 Pr i e s t I rw i n G A s imp l e s p e c t r a l c o l or ime t e r o f t h e mon o chr oma t i c t y p e J Wa s h A c a d Sc i 6 74 1 0 Nu t t i n g P G Th e v i s i b i l i t y o f r a d i a t i on A r e c a l c u l a t i on o f Ko e n i g ' s d a t a Bu l l Bur S t a nd i 2 d 3 5 ( 1 91 1 ) 8 1 5 4 Gi b s on K S Th e e f f e c t of t e mp e r a t ur e u p on t h e c o e f f i c i e n t of a b s or p t i on o f c e r t a i n g l a s s e s o f kn own c omp o s i t i on Ph y s R e v N s 1 1 94 1 2 1 3 Nu t t i n g P G 2 2 A ph o t ome t r i c a t t a chme n t f or s p e c t r o s c o p e s Bu l l Bur S t a nd 2 2 3 9 ( 1 9 1 1 ) $ 1 5 5 Nu t t ing P G A n ew pr e c i s i on c o l or ime t e r Bu l l Bur S t a nd 2 1 ( 1 9 1 3) 8 1 8 7 2 3 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Co l or s p e c i f i c a t i on s R e p Pr o c - Four th Ann Me e t S oc Mi dd l e ka u f G W a nd Sko g l a nd J F An i n t e r l a b ora t o r y ph o t ome t r i c c ompa r i s on o f g l a s s s cr e e n s a nd o f tung s t e n l amp s i nvo l v in g c o l or d i f fe r e nc e s S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 3 2 8 7 ( 1 9 1 6) 8 2 77 Gi b s on K S Th e e f f e c t o f t e mp e r a tur e u p on t h e a b s or p t i on s p e c t rum o f a s yn t h e t i c r u b y Ph ys R e v N S 8 3 8

Pr i e s t I G 34 S p e c i f i ca t i on s o f t h e tr a n s pa r e n c y o f pa p e r a nd t ra c ing c l o th BS C i r c N o 6 3 (Ma y Cobl en t z W W L ong M B S p e c t r or a d iome tr i c Eme r s on W B a nd inv e s t i ga t i on o f t h e t r a n s mi s s i on o f va r i o u s s ub s t a n c e s Bu l l Bur S t a nd 1 4 6 5 3 ( 1 91 8-1 9) S 32 5 Pr i e s t Irw in G a n d P e t e r s Cha un c e y G Me a s ur e m e n t a nd s p e c i f i c a t i on of t h e ph ys i c a l fa c t or s w h i ch d e t e r mi ne t h e s a t ur a t i on o f c e r t a i n t i n t s o f y e l l ow Te c h Pa p Bur S t a nd No 9 2 ( 1 9 1 7) T9 2 3 5 G i b s on K S Ph o t o e l e c t r i c S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y b y t h e nu l l me th od S c i Pa p Bur ; S t a nd 1 5 3 2 5 ( 1 91 9-1 92 0) S 3 49 2 5 How e H E a nd Gib s on K S Th e u l t r a v i o l e t a nd v i s i b l e a b s or p t i o n S p e c tr a o f ph e no l ph t h a l e in ph e no l s u l ph onph th a l e i n a nd s ome ha l o g e n d e r i va t i v e s Phy s R e v N S 1 9 76 7 Pr i e s t I rw in G A on e - t e rm pur e e xpon e n t ia l formu l a f or t h e s p e c t r a l d i s tr i bu t i on o f r a d i a n t om' e n e r gy fr a c omp l e t e r a d ia t or J O p t S o c Ame r 1 8 2 6 2 7 Cr i t t e nd e n E C a nd R i ch t m y e r F K An " a ve r a g e e y e " f or h e t e r o chr oma t i c ph o t om e t r y a c ompa r i s on o f a f l i cke r a nd a n e q ua l i t y - of - br i gh tn e s s ph o t ome t e r Bu l l Bur S ta nd 1 4 8 7 ( 1 9 1 8-1 9) 8 299 Co b l e n t z W W a nd Em e r s on W B Re l a t i ve s e n s i b i l i t y o f t h e a v e ra g e e y e t o l i gh t o f d i f f e r e n t c o l or s a nd s ome pr a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i on s t o r a d i a t i on pr ob l e m s Bu l l Bur S t a nd 1 4 1 6 7 ( 1 91 8-1 9) 8 30 3 Cob l e n t z W W a nd Eme r s on W B Lumi nou s r a d i a t i on fr om b l a ck b od y a nd t h e me cha n i ca l e q u i va l e n t of l i gh t S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 4 2 5 5 ( 1 91 7) 8 30 5 Co b l e n t z W W a nd Eme r s on W B Gl a s s e s for pr o t e c t i n g t h e e ye s fr om i n j ur i ou s r a d i a t i on s ( 3r d e d i t i on) Te ch Pa p Bu r S t a nd No 9 3 ( 1 9 1 9) T9 3 Pri e s t Irw in G A n ew formu l a f or t h e s p e c t r a l d i s t r i bu t i o o f fi e n e r g y f r om a c omp l e t e r a d i a t or Phy s ; 1 91 Gi b s on K S a nd McN i c h o l a s H J Th e u l t r a v i o l e t a nd v i s i b l e t r a n s m1 s s i on o f e y e - pr o t e c t iv e g l a s s e s Te c h Pa p Bur S t a nd No 1 1 9 ( 1 9 1 9) T1 1 9 Pr i e s t Irw in G a nd Gi b s on K 8 Re p or t on t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f u l tr a v i o l e t ra ys t o s i gna l i ng Ph ys Rev 34 1 8 8 fl Pr i e s t I rw i n G Th e w ork of t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S ta nd a r d s on t h e e s ta b l i s hm e n t o f c o l or s t a nd a r d s a nd me t h od s of c o l or S p e c i f i c a t i on Tr a n s I l l um En g S oc 1 3 38 Pr i e s t I rw in C D i s c u s s i on o f Tr o l a nd ' s pa p e r " Ps yc h o l o gy o f Co l or " Tr a ns I l l um Eng S oc 1 3 2 1 W i t h s p e c i a l r e f er e nc e t o d e t e rmina t i on o f s t a nd a r d o f wh i t e l i gh t Tr a n s I l l um Eng S oc 1 3 74 Pr i e s t I rw i n G A pr e c i s i on me t h o d f or pr odu c ing a r t i f i c i a l d a y l i gh t Ph y s R e v 1 1 5 0 2 Pr i e s t Irw i n G a nd Tynd a l l E P T O p t i c a l a nd ph o t ogra ph i c me th od s for t h e d e t e c t i on o f i nv i s i b l e wr i t i n g Ph y s R e v 1 4 1 88 Pr i e s t I rw i n G A me th od for t h e c o l or gr a d ing o f r e d f la r e s Ph ys R e v 1 4 2 64 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Me gg e r s W F McN i ch o l a s H J Gi b s on K S a nd Tynd a l l E P T Th e s p e c t r a l c omp o s i t i on a nd c o l or o f c e r t a i n h i gh i n t e n s i t y s e a r c h l i gh t a r c s ( In c o o p e r a t i on w i th t h e S e a r ch l i gh t Inv e s t i ga t i on S e c t i on C or p s o f E n g in e e r s USA ) Ph y s R e v 34 1 8 4 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Th e l aw o f s ymme t r y o f t h e v i s i b i l i t y fun c t i on Ph y s R e v 1 1 498 Gi b s on K S Tynd a l l E P T a nd McN i ch o l a s H J Th e s p e c t ra l tr a n s mi s s i on o f f i l t e r s u s e d t o d e t e c t c amou f la ge or impr ov e v i s i b i l i t y Ph ys R e v 1 4 2 6 1

45 Pr i e s t I r w i n G Th e c o l or of s oya b e a n oi l a s c omp a r e d w i t h t ha t o f c o t t on s e e d 0 1 1 C o t t on O i l Pr e s s 3 No 9 3 7 ( 1 9 1 9-2Q Pr i e s t I rw i n G a nd Fr e h a f e r M K Th e O p t i c a l b a s i s o f B i t t in ge r ' s c amou f l a g e pa i n t i ng s J Wa s h A c a d S c i 33 2 3 8 ( 1 92 1 ) 4 6 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Re c omme nd a t i on s i n r e ga r d t o c o l or ( Abs t r a c t ) ; J Op t S o c Am e r 4 3 90-395 gr a d ing o f c o t t on s e e d O i l Co t t on O i l Pr e s s 3 No 3 8 6 ( 1 9 1 9 4 7 Gi b s on K S Tynd a l l E P T a nd McN i ch ol a s H J Th e u l t r a - v i o l e t a nd v i s i b l e t r a n s m i s s i on of va r i ou s c o l or e d g la s s e s Te ch Pa p Bur S t a nd No 1 48 ( 1 920) T1 48 5 7 G i b s on K S In fr a - r e d a b s or p t i on s p e c t ra of ve g e t a b l e o i l s C o t t on O i l Pr e s s 4 No 5 5 3 ( 1 9 2 0 Pr i e s t I rw in G A n ew s t ud y o f t h e l e u c o s c o p e a nd i t s a p p l i c a t i on t o pyr ome t r y J O p t Soc Ame r 4 448 48 Ka r r e r E no ch a nd Tynd a l l E P T C on t r a s t s e n s i b i l i t y o f t h e e y e S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 33 6 79 ( 1 9 1 9-20) S 3 6 6 5 8 Pr i e s t I rw in G Th e a p p l i c a t i on o f r ot a t or y d i s p e r s i on t o c o l o r ime t r y ph o t ome tr y a nd p yr ome t r y Ph y s R e v 5 38 33 49 Pr i e s t I r w i n G Ab s t r a c t o f r e por t on inve s t i ga t i on o f t h e c o l or a nd s p e c t r a l t ra n s mi s s i v i ty 0 3 1 7 959533 1 3 9 ( Ab s tr a c t r P r e J j SO L) b m u 1 1 i i i N P és? A b 1 x) 5 0 Ka rr e r E noc h a nd Tynd a l l E P T Re l a t iv e s p e c t r a l t r a n sm i s s i on o f t h e a tmo s ph e r e S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 33 3 77 ( 1 920) S 3 8 9 5 9 60 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Re p or t on c a l ibr a t i on o f s i x t e e n L ov i b ond r e d g l a s s e s o f nomi na l va l u e Co t t on 0 1 1 Pr e s s 4 No 9 4 3 ( 1 92 0 Pr i e s t I rw i n G S t a t e m e n t t o t h e c o l or ommi t t c e e Ame r i c a n O i l Ch e mi s t s ' S o c i e t y me e t i ng a t t h e Na t i ona l Bur e a u o f S t a nd a r d s Wa s h i n g t on Ju l y 3 0 1 9 2 0 C o t t on 0 1 1 Pr e s s 4 No 6 4 5 ( 1 9 2 0 5 1 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Me gg e r s W F Gi b s on K S Tynd a l l E P T a nd 6 1 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Th e s p e c tr a l d i s t r i bu t i on o f e n e r g y McNi ch ol a s H J C o l or a n d s p e c t r a l c omp o s i t i on o f c e r t a i n h i gh - in t e n s i t y s e a r ch l i gh t a r c s Te c h Pa p Bur S t a nd No 1 6 8 ( 1 92 0) T1 68 ~ J r e q u i r e d t o e vok e t h e gr a y s e n s a t i on O p t S o c Am e r 3 20 5 ( Ab s t r a c t ) ; Ph ot o g r J ( Harr i s on S on s Lt d Lond on 3 3 ( n e w s e r i e s 3 6 0 S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 31 2 3 1 ( 1 92 2 ) S4 1 7 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Gi b s on K S a nd McNi ch ol a s H J An e xa mi na t i on o f t h e Mun s e l l c o l or s y s t e m 1 S p e c t r a l a n d t o ta l r e f l e c Pr i e s t Irw in G A d ir e c t r e a d i ng s p e c t r o ph o t ome t e r f or me a s ur i ng t h e t r a n s mi s s iv i t y o f l iq u i d s Ph y s R e v 33 1 2 7 ( 1 92 1 ) ( Ab s t r a c t ) t i on a nd t h e Mun s e l l s c a l e o f va l u e Te c h Pa p Bur S t a nd N O 1 6 7 ( 1 92 0) T l 67 Pr i e s t Irw in G No t e on t h e r e l a t i on b e tw e e n t h e fr e q u e n c i e s O f c omp l e me n t a r y hu e s J O p t Soc Am e r 4 40 2 a nd 3 5 1 3 5 4 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Pr e l imi na r y no t e on t h e r e l a t i on s b e tw e e n t h e q ua l i t y o f c o l or a nd t h e s p e c t r a l d i s tr i bu t i on of l i gh t i n t h e s t imu lu s J Op t S oc Ame r 4 3 89 64 Pr i e s t I rw i n G A me t h od o f ob t a i n i n g r a d ia n t e ne r gy h a v i n g t h e v i s i b l e s p e c t r a l d i s tr i bu t i on o f a c omp l e t e r a d i a t or a t v e r y h i gh t e mp e r a tu r e s J O p t S o c Ame r 3 1 78 Pr i e s t I rw in G Th e c omp l e t e s c a l e o f c o l or t e mp e r a tur e a nd i t s a p p l i c a t i on t o t h e c o l or gr a d in g o f d a y l i gh t and a r t i f i c i a l i l l um i na n t s Ph y s R e v 33 9 3 ( Ab s t r a c t )

Cob l e n t z W W S p e c t r or a d i ome t r i c i nv e s t i ga t i on o f t h e t r a n s mi s s i on o f va r i ou s s u b s t a n c e s I I S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 7 2 6 7 ( 1 92 2) S4 1 8 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Ap pa r a t u s for t h e d e t e rmi na t i on o f h u e s e n s i b i l i t y (wa v e - l e ng t h d i f f r n c e e e s p e r c e p t i b l e by d i f f e r e n c e in h u e ) a nd t h e v i s ib i l i t y o f ra d i a n t n e e r gy J Op t S o c Ame r a nd R e v S c i Ih s t r um ' Lo f t on R E A me a s ur e o f t h e c o l or ch a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f wh i t e pa p e r s Te ch Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 7 6 6 7 ( 1 92 2-2 4) T244 Gi b s on K S McN i c h o l a s H J Tynd a l l E P T a nd Fr e h a f e r M K Th e s p e c tr a l t r an s mi s s iv e pr o p e r t i e s o f d y e s I S e v e n p e rmi t t e d fo od d y e s i n t h e V i s i b l e u l t r a - v i o l e t a nd n e a r i n fr a r e d (Wi t h t h e c o o p e r a t i on o f Z 99 ( Ab s t r a c t ) Da n i e l s on R R a nd Fr e h a f e r M K Th e e f f e c t o f s ome s u b s t i t u t e s for t in ox id e on t h e o pa c i t y o f wh i t e e na me l s f or s h e e t s t e e l J Ame r Ce r am S o c 3 6 3 4 S c h e r t z F M Th e q ua n t i t a t iv e d e t e rmi na t i on o f c a r o t in by m e a ns o f t h e s p e c t r o ph o t ome t e r a nd t h e c o l or ime t e r J Agr R e s U 8 De p t A gr 3 3 3 8 3 W E Ma thew s on Bur e a u o f Ch e mi s t r y) S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 8 1 2 1 ( 1 92 2-2 3 ) S440 Tr o l a nd L T Ch a i rma n Op t 1 c a 1 S o c i e t y o f Ame r i c a Commi t t e e on C o l or im e t r y Re por t f or G i b s on K S Di r e c t - r e a d i ng ph o t o e l e c tr i c me a s ur e me n t o f s p e c t r a l tr a ns mi s s i on J O p t S o c Ame r a nd R e v S c i I u s tr um 7 6 9 3 1 9 2 0-2 1 J O p t S oc Ame r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um 3 5 2 7 Pr i e s t I rw in G Me a s ur e me n t o f t h e c o l or t emp e r a tur e o f t h e mor e e f f i c i e n t a r t i f i c i a l l i gh t s our c e s by t h e m e t h od o f r o t a t or y 79 Pr i e s t I rw in G Th e c o l or im e t r y a nd ph o t ome t r y o f d a y l i gh t a nd i n c a nd e s c e n t i l l umi na n t s b y t h e m e th od o f r o t a t or y d i s p e r s i on Tr a n s I l l um Eng S o c 33 8 6 1 J O p t S o c Ame r a nd Re v S c i I u s t rum 7 1 1 75 d i s p e r s i on S c i Pa p Bur S t a nd 1 8 2 2 1 ( 1 92 2-2 3 ) 8 4 43 ; J O p t So c Ame r a nd R e v 8 0 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Re v i ew o f Pe dd i e ' s " C o l our Vi s i on S c i In s t r um 3 4 1 0 Pr i e s t I rw i n G Pr o gr e s s on t h e d e t e rmi na t i on o f norma l gra y l i gh t J O p t S oc Ame r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um 1 72 ( Ab s t r a c t ) Pr i e s t I rw in G a nd C o t t r e l l Ca S p e r L Th e e f f e c t o f va r i ou s c ond i t i on s u pon t h e d e t e rmi na t i on o f t h e norma l s t i mu l u o f gr a y J O p t S oc Ame r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um 7 73 (A bs t ra c t ) J O p t So c Ame r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um Z 1 2 5 1 Gi b s on K S S p e c t r o ph o t ome t r y D i c t o f App l i ed Ph y s i c s e d i t e d by S i r Ri ch a rd Gl a z e br ook (Ma cmi l l a n a nd Co L td Lond on) A 73 7 Pr i e s t Irw i n G Gi b s on K S a nd Muns e l l A E O A c ompa r i s on o f e xp e r ime n t a l va lue s o f d omi na n t w a v e - l e ng th a nd pur i t y w i t h t h e i r va l u e s c ompu t e d fr om t h e s p e c t r a l d i s t r i bu t i on o f t h e s t imu lu s Fr e h a f e r M Ka t h e r i n e New t a b l e s a nd gr a ph s for fa c i l i ta t i n g t h e c ompu t a t i on s o f s p e c tr a l e n e r gy d i s t r i bu t i on b y P l a n ck ' s formu l a J O p t S o c Am e r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um l 74 ( Ab s t r a c t ) J O p t S o c Am e r a nd Re v S c i In s t r um 3 28 ( Ab s tr a c t ) Pr i e s t Irw in G Ap pa r a t u s f or t h e d e t e rmi na t i on o f c o l or in t e rms o f d omina n t w a ve l e ng t h pur i t y a nd br i gh t n e s s Pr i e s t Irw in G Pr e l imina r y d a t a on t h e c o l or o f d a y J O p t S oc Ame r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um 8 1 73 l i gh t a t Wa s h i n g t on J O p t S o c Am e r a nd R e v S c i In s t r um Z 78 ( Abs t r a c t ) 1 0