1st Quarter Study Guide Test Date: September 28 th Cell Part Plant, Both, Animal Location: N (nucleus) C (cytoplas m) 1. Centriole A C Pixie sticks Description (what it looks like) 2. Cell Wall P C Hard plate around cell Function Separate chromosomes during cell replication Maintain structure and rigidity of the cell 3. Chromatin B N Spaghetti like noodles Unraveled DNA 4. Chromosome B N Letter X Compacted DNA 5. Chloroplast P C stacks of quarters Perform photosynthesis 6. Chlorophyll P C Green coloring 7. Cytoplasm B C Jelly 8. Endoplasmic Reticulum 9. Golgi Apparatus 10. Mitochondria 11. Nuclear Membrane 12. Nucleus B N B C Highway connected to nucleus B C Stacks of pancakes B C Kidney bean shaped B N Bouncer for nucleus Green pigment that absorbs the sunlight during photosynthesis Jelly-like material that holds all the organelles in place The transport system connected to the nucleus and further. Rough ER helps make proteins and Smooth ER helps to make lipids Packages, transports, and ships materials out of the cell using vesicles Powerhouse of the cell; cellular respiration happens here Controls what enters or leaves the NUCLEUS The brain of the cell; controls all activities 13. Cell Membrane B C Bouncer of cell Controls what enters or leaves the CELL 14. Ribosome B C Dots 15. Vacuole B C Free floating or attached to the rough ER they are the site of protein synthesis Storage for water and food ; much larger in plant cell
Label the cell diagram below A. cell wall B. rough er C. chloroplast D. golgi apparatus E. vacuole F. smooth er G. nucleus H. mitochondria Notes over Cell Type Prokaryotes: have no nucleus, have no _organelles, they are single -celled. Eukaryotes: means _true nucleus, they have a _nucleus and organelles. Eukaryotes can be _single or multi -celled. Label these cells are Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic. Cell 1: E Cell 2: E Cell 3: P Type of Cells: In the diagrams before describe the differences and similarities between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells as well as Plant and Animal Cells. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Animal Plant Have nucleus and organelles Can be single or multicellular Has ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane No nucleus or organelles Only single celled Has ribosomes, DNA, and cell membrane Eukaryotic cells Contain centrioles, but no chloroplast or cell wall Many small vacuoles Usually in circular shape Eukaryotic cells Do not contain centrioles, but contain chloroplast and cell wall Large, central storage vacuole Usually square or rectangular in shape
Cell Transport: Notes over Transport Cell Membrane made of: Hydrophilic(heads)-H2O loving / Hydrophobic(tails)-H2O fearing Passive transport does _NOT require energy (ATP); moves from an area of _high concentration to an area of _low concentration ( downhill ) 3 types of passive transport Diffusion >>particles move from higher to lower concentrations Osmosis >>water moves from higher to lower concentrations across a membrane. Facilitated diffusion >>particles from higher to lower concentrations using a channel/carrier protein Active transport _DOES require energy (ATP); moves from an area of low_concentration to an area of _high concentration ( uphill ) 3 types of active transport: Endocytosis >>moving particles into the cell using energy Exocytosis >>moving particles out of the cell using energy _Na+/K+ pump or proton pump >> moving particles through a pump into or out through the cell membrane _Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal balance of the cell. The cell membrane controls homeostasis of a cell by regulating what flows in or out. Blood pressure and body temperature are 2 examples of homeostasis. Semipermeability is the property of the plasma (cell) membrane that allows it to control homeostasis. Notes over Tonicity _ISO tonic=the cell is balanced (homeostasis); Water can move in and out of the cell at the same rate= NO NET MOVEMENT HYPO tonic= there is more water and less solute outside of the cell than inside the cell; water moves INTO the cell; the cell will swell/burst (in plants turgor pressure increases) HYPER tonic= there is less water and more solute inside the cell than outside the cell; water moves OUT of the cell; the cell will shrivel and wilt Label each of the following pictures as Hypotonic, Hypertonic or Isotonic. ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC
Draw a picture that represents the following scenarios. Then, indicate whether or not each of the following scenarios is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic. 1. The solution on the outside of the cell has a higher solute concentration of 30 particles of salt, while the solute concentration is lower on the inside with 10 particles of salt. What type of osmosis is this? Which direction will the water move? Cell should shrivel HYPERTONIC Water moves out 2. The solution on the outside of the cell has a lower solute concentration of 17 particles of salt, while the solute concentration is higher on the inside with 25 particles of salt. What type of osmosis is this? Which direction will the water move? Cell should swell HYPOTONIC Water moves in 3. The solution on the outside of the cell has a solute concentration of 20 particles, while the solute concentration on the inside of the cell has a concentration of 20 particles. What type of osmosis is this? Which direction will the water move? Label the pictures below (osmosis, facilitated diffusion, diffusion, active transport) Cell should remain same ISOTONIC Water moves equal in and out Facilitated diffusion diffusion Active transport proteins ase catalysts reaction lowering Enzyme substrate Active site substrate product specific
The graph shows two reactions where Reactants W and X yield Products Y and Z. Which statement BEST describes how Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 are different from each other? A. Reaction 1 requires a catalyst to proceed. B. Reaction 2 releases less energy than Reaction 1. C. Reaction 2 happens in the presence of a catalyst. D. Reaction 2 requires a greater activation energy than Reaction 1. Bill Nye represents enzymes, substrates, and products using the symbols below. Which diagram below illustrates the functioning of enzymes in the correct sequence in a chemical reaction? A. B. C. D.
Notes over Scientific Method and Inquiry: List the steps of the scientific method (these may vary slightly from teacher to teacher, but the general idea is the same) Problem or Question, Research the topic, develop hypothesis, design experiment, collect and analyze data/results; conclusion; communicate results Define: Independent variable- _manipulated variable the experimenter changes Dependent variable - responding variable that changes as a result of what was done Control group - the standard of comparison Several students are conducting an experiment to test the effect of exercise on heart rate. Students do 20 situps in one minute of exercise. The data chart below shows the heart rate at one-minute intervals for each student. Which of these is the dependent variable? A. Time B. Heart rate C. Type of exercise D. Number of sit-ups Two students disagreed about which birds are more commonly seen at local bird feeders. Each student separately observed a bird feeder for one hour and then entered their results in the table. Which method will BEST help the students resolve the issue? A. Take an average of the results from both students B. Repeat their observations at several different times C. Ask an unbiased person to observe the feeder for an hour D. Compare their results to published information about these birds