IN THE ALBERTINE GRABEN OF THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM GEOPRISM; EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM PLANNING WORKSHOP By: Dozith Abeinomugisha Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development, Entebbe, Uganda 1
BACKGROUND v The East Africa Rift System is now a hot spot for hydrocarbon exploration v Exploration started in the Early 20 th Century. With the discovery of hydrocarbons in the East African Rift System in Uganda and Kenya, focus has been drawn to this Area. v The Uganda Government is undertaking two research projects: " Harmonization of the different stratigraphic schemes within the Albertine Graben and " Petroleum Systems Analysis of the Albertine Graben v Being done in collaboration with IOC, and other Researchers 2
INTRODUCTION v The East African Rift System bifurcates into the eastern, western and the south western Arms v The western arm is less magmatic compared to the western arm v Recent research has shown existence of Victoria, Somalia and Rovuma Micro plates with slight extension direction variation from the main Nubia plate. 3
INTRODUCTION EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM Albertine Graben v A Tertiary rift basin at the northern most part of the Western arm of the EARS along the Uganda DRC border v Rifting started during Early-Mid Miocene. Pre - Cambrian fabric influenced rift geometry COPYRIGHT: 2003. v Compression structures have been observed in the Rukwa rift (NW SE) and in the Albertine Graben (NE - SW) against a N S general trend. Could it be some sort of transform? 4
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA STRUCTURAL SETTING OF THE ALBERTINE GRABEN v Grabens and half grabens separated by accommodation zones v Graben strongly shaped by; " Continental Extension NW-SE " Strike slip tectonics v Three structural domains: " Northern trends in a NNE-SSW " Central trends in a NE-SW " Southern trends in a NNE-SSW v An imposing Rwenzori Mountain ranges stand at an altitude of 5109m, an altitude not seen in any other extension setting. The cause of its uplift is not yet known. 5
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA STRUCTURAL SETTING OF THE ALBERTINE GRABEN Rwenzori Edward N Semliki Blue mountains of D.R.C Initiation of rifting Main extension episode Tonya Block Lake Albert Nile River entry exit Inversion/ reactivation episode Courtesy Chris Scholz, Syracuse University These episodes of rifting and uplift have magnificent features within the Rift System 6
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA East Africa v Hydrocarbon Exploration in the East African Rift System started in the early 20th century, stagnated but is now gaining pace Courtesy of IHS v Discoveries in the Albertine Graben in Uganda and in the Turkana basin in Kenya has increased interest in the Area. 7
v Magnetic and Bouguer gravity anomaly acquired since 1983 has delineated five depo-centres with potential for Hydrocarbon generation in the Albertine Graben (Aeromagnetic data now covers the entire country). v Seismic data acquired since 1998 has confirmed these depocentres, but also indicated structures that can trap hydrocarbons v Deepest and largest depocentre located under Lake Albert 8
Oil Seep occurrence along transfer zones Paraa LAKE ALBERT Kaiso Tonya Runga Kibiro Sonso Sonso Seep v 2004-2006 mapping project documented several hydrocarbon seeps along relay ramps Kibuku Oil seeps SAR seeps Kibiro Seep v Rift development plays a key role in structural trap formation 9
v Several seismic surveys have been undertaken v Identified drillable prospects v Up to 70 wells have penetrated these structures 10
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA RHINO CAMP BASIN Half Graben Structures v Domino style faulting v Tilted fault blocks v Extension related folding 11
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA PAKWACH BASIN v Domino style faulting with development of antithetic faults v Tilted fault blocks v Extension related folding v Potential stratigraphic traps 12
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA LAKE ALBERT BASIN v Almost full graben to the west v Flower structure development 13
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA LAKE EDWARD-GEORGE BASIN Half graben structures v Slightly listric faults v Rotated fault blocks 14
THE REPUBLIC OF U GANDA 29 30' 30 30 30' 31 31 30' 32 32 30' 4 4 29 2166.5 1762.9 1560.9 1495.0 1419.1 3 3 1367.9 1324.9 1283.3 1247.2 1222.8 1211.9 2 2 1190.2 1160.6 1133.4 L. AL B ER T 1132.6 1098.4 1073.9 1 1 1054.9 1028.8 985.9 949.7 925.1 915.3 0 0 911.7 L. GEORGE 898.7 874.0 840.3 800.9 D L. E 762.8 RD WA 730.7-1 -1 29 Petroleum 29 30' Highly faulted accommodation zone coupled with a change in fault trend from NE SW to an almost N S trend created rotated fault blocks that have trapped hydrocarbons 30 50000 30 30' 0 31 31 30' 652.6 618.1 32 32 30' 50000 100000 metres / UTM zone 36N Department, Exploration WGS and84 Production Uganda 15
Resource Potential v 20 oil and/or gas discoveries made to date v Discovered resources currently estimated at over 3.5 billion bbls of oil equivalent in place Kasamene Nsoga Kigogole Waihrindi Mpyo Jobi Rii Ngiri v Type of crude is 30-34 API low sulphur, waxy crude, Pour point of ~40 degrees Celsius. Kingfisher Ngassa Mputa Waraga Nzizi 16
ONGOING STRATIGRAPHIC WORK v Harmonization of the different stratigraphic schemes used by IOCs v The Semliki Area presents the most complete sedimentary succession in the Albertine Graben v Fresh road cuts have exposed a condensed section of the succession in the basin 17
ONGOING STRATIGRAPHIC WORK v This evolution as presented represents ongoing work by the stratigraphy study group set up by the Uganda Government 18
CONCLUDING REMARKS v Efforts on petroleum exploration in Uganda has been on for the last 50 years and has generated substantial amount of data. v Exploration effort have led to the discovery of over 3.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent in place in the country and this is expected to increase. v The discovery of commercial reserves has de-risked the entire East African Rift System. v In the Albertine Graben, studies are now focussed towards understanding the basin to better plan production. Petroleum Exploration and Production Department 19