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Transcription:

Curs 1 2015/2016

La facultate, profesorul intreaba: - Intrebare de "nota 10": cum ma numesc? Toti tac. - Intrebare de "nota 8": la ce obiect aveti examen? Toti tac. - Intrebare de "nota 5": ce culoare are manualul (site-ul laboratorului)? Din ultimele randuri se aude o voce: - Vrea sa ne pice magaru'!

2C/1L Optoelectronică, structuri şi tehnologii, OSTC Curs - sl. Radu Damian an IV μe Luni 18-20, P5 E 66% din nota probleme + (? 1 subiect teorie) + (2p prez. curs) toate materialele permise Laborator sl. Daniel Matasaru an IV μe, an IV Tc Luni 16-18 impar Marti 18-20 Joi 8-12 impar L 17% din nota T 17% din nota

Curs marti, 17-20, P4 2C 3C 14*2/3 9.33 9 10 C

Sinapse inginerești

> 2010 < 1950

Lumina ca undă electromagnetică (ecuaţiile lui Maxwell, ecuaţia undelor, parametrii de propagare) Elemente de fotometrie şi radiometrie (mărimi energetice/luminoase) Fibra optică (realizare, principiu de funcţionare, atenuare, dispersie, banda de frecvenţă) Cabluri optice (tehnologie, conectori, lipire - splice) Proiectare sistemică a legăturii pe fibra optică (bandă de frecvenţă, balanţa puterilor) Emiţătoare optice (LED şi dioda laser - realizare fizică şi functionare) Receptoare optice (dioda PIN, dioda cu avalanşă - realizare fizică şi functionare) Amplificatoare transimpedanţă (parametri, scheme tipice, TIA în buclă deschisă, cu reacţie, diferenţiale, control automat al câştigului) Realizarea circuitelor pentru controlul emiţătoarelor optice (parametri, scheme tipice, controlul puterii, multiplexoare) Dispozitive de captare a energiei solare (principiu de functionare, utilizare, proiectare )

http://rf-opto.etti.tuiasi.ro Irinel Casian-Botez, "Structuri Optoelectronice", Ed. "CANOVA", Iasi 2001, ISBN 973-96099-2-9 Behzad Razavi Design of Integrated Circuits for Optical Communications, Mc Graw Hill http://rf-opto.etti.tuiasi.ro/docs/opto/ IBM - Understanding Optical Communications: on-line http://www.redbooks.ibm.com Radu Damian, I Casian, D Matăsaru - Comunicatii Optice, Indrumar de laborator, 2005

RF-OPTO http://rf-opto.etti.tuiasi.ro Fotografie de trimis prin email: rdamian@etti.tuiasi.ro necesara la laborator/curs

subiecte individuale Note 2007: 9.67±0.66/8.81±1.22 2008: 6.24±1.36/ 4.82±2.10 2009: 5.10±1.46 2010: 3.89±1.32 La prima aplicare (neanuntata) 50% din studenti au parasit examenul in primele 10 minute 50% din cei ramasi nu au promovat promovabilitate totala 25%, rata contestatiilor: 0% Urmatoarele examinari (anuntate) rata contestatiilor: 0%

Capitolul 1

Incarcare relativă 50 Total: 35%/an 40 30 20 10 Voce: 10%/an Sursa: 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 An

Greutate şi volum Costul materialelor primare SiO 2 /Cu Capacitate de transmisie a informaţiei f~200thz 15.5 Tbit/s @ 7000 km, 69.1Tb/s @ 240km Banda (Viteza) x Distanţă [MHz km] [? MHz/km] Lipsa conexiunilor electrice Bucle de masă (1-2V/km) Siguranţă în exploatare Imunitate la fulgere/lipsa scânteilor

Imunitate la interferenţă electromagnetică Distanta între repetoare 100km/2-5km Posibilitate de creştere a capacităţii de transmisie a informaţiei Teoretic extrem de mare (aproape infinită) f~200thz Reutilizarea cablurilor existente Securitate Interceptare dificilă şi detectabilă Inserare de semnal practic imposibilă

Conexiuni complexe şi esenţiale Costul circuitelor integrate cresut considerabil de cuplarea luminii in fibra Curbarea cablurilor optice Dezvoltarea greoaie a standardelor Optica folosită strict pentru transmisie (aproape) EDFA - Erbidium Dopped Fiber Amplifier Sensibilitate la radiaţii gama şi câmpuri electrice intense Rozătoare şi termite

pulse-position modulation pulse-duration modulation pulse-code modulation (PCM) esantionare (Nyquist) f s 2f cuantizare M intervale discrete zgomot de cuantizare minimizat M A max A N

pulse-code modulation (PCM) cuantizare M intervale discrete, codificate cu m biți m M 2 viteza necesara (bit rate) [b/s] M B A max A N 2f log M B m fs 2 P max SNR [db] 10log 10 20log P f / 3 SNR A max 10 N A N 10 log 2 3.33 telefonie: 3.1kHz @ SNR=30dB B=31kb/s (64kb/s) televiziune: 4MHz @ SNR=50dB B=66Mb/s (100Mb/s)

return-to-zero (RZ) nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ)

TDM time-division multiplexing FDM frequency-division multiplexing Realizabila in domeniul electric/optic WDM wavelength division multiplexing

RL +0.00 dbm 5.0 db/div Canale: 16 Spaţiere: 0.8 nm Emisie spontană Amplificată (ASE) 1545 nm 1565 nm

SUA, Japonia SONET - synchronous optical network inlocuit de SDH - synchronous digital hierarchy

SUA Europa 1 mile=1760 yards 1 yards=3 feet 1 mile 1609.34 m

Frecvenţă Lungime de undă 1.6 (vid) Longhaul Telecom Regional Telecom Local Area Networks 193 229 353 461 Infrarosu Apropiat 1.8 1.4 1550 nm 1.2 1310 nm UV THz 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 µm 850 nm Laseri HeNe 633 nm CD Player 780 nm

850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm

Comunicatii Infrarosu (InGaAsP) Vizibil Spectru vizibil (GaAlAs) Iluminare Putere ridicata, lumina alba (GaInN)

Bec cu incadescenta 16 lm/w Tub fluorescent 100 lm/w LED curent: 250 lm/w curand: 300 lm/w

auto

(tot) Capitolul 1

Undă electromagnetică Ecuaţiile lui Maxwell λ, ε, ω, f Teoria cuantică Benzi energetice E = h ν fotoni, emisie stimulată, LASER Optică geometrică n, θ raze de lumină intuitivă Banda de conductie n 0 n 1 Banda interzisa n Banda 0 de valenta

Dispersie Fibre monomod Interferenta Polarizare

d Through the Wormhole S02E07 How Does the Universe Work

E g h ; hc E g ; μm 1.240 E ev g h constanta lui Plank 6.62 10-32 Ws 2 c viteza luminii in vid 2.998 10 8 m/s

d Through the Wormhole S02E07 How Does the Universe Work

db = 10 log 10 (P 2 / P 1 ) dbm = 10 log 10 (P / 1 mw) 0 db = 1 + 0.1 db = 1.023 (+2.3%) + 3 db = 2 + 5 db = 3 + 10 db = 10-3 db = 0.5-10 db = 0.1-20 db = 0.01-30 db = 0.001 0 dbm = 1 mw 3 dbm = 2 mw 5 dbm = 3 mw 10 dbm = 10 mw 20 dbm = 100 mw -3 dbm = 0.5 mw -10 dbm = 100 W -30 dbm = 1 W -60 dbm = 1 nw [dbm] + [db] = [dbm] [dbm/hz] + [db] = [dbm/hz] [x] + [db] = [x]

Pierderi Pierderi Pierderi P out P in out db 10log 10 Pin db P dbm P dbm out P in Atenuare db/km Pierderi[dB] lungime[km ]

Laboratorul de microunde si optoelectronica http://rf-opto.etti.tuiasi.ro rdamian@etti.tuiasi.ro