Slide 1 / 67 Slide 2 / 67 5th Grade Matter and Its Interactions 2015-11-02 www.njctl.org Table of Contents: Matter and Its Interactions Slide 3 / 67 Click on the topic to go to that section What Is Matter? The Conservation of Mass Observable Properties of Matter Mixing Substances
Slide 4 / 67 What Is Matter? Return to Table of Contents Think About It: Look around the classroom. Slide 5 / 67 What objects in this classroom can be called "matter?" What Is Matter? Slide 6 / 67 That may be the easiest question you will ever have to answer in your entire school career. Why? Everything you said is correct! What do all these objects or matter have in common? Make a list at your table.
What Is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass and weight. Simply put, every object in the entire universe is matter! Slide 7 / 67 What Makes Up Matter? You may say that this book below is only made of many paper pages and a hard cover. Slide 8 / 67 Actually, the pieces that make up this book (or any other example of matter) are made up of even smaller particles... objects that are too small to see even under some microscopes! All Matter is Made of Very Small Particles Slide 9 / 67 Although these particles are incredibly small, they still take up space and have weight... even if the amount of space and weight is practically nothing. Think of each particle as a single LEGO block:
All Matter is Made of Very Small Particles While a single block on its own isn't very large and doesn't look like much, attaching many blocks together can make some pretty amazing things! Slide 10 / 67 Taking a Closer Look Particles are the building block of all matter but we are unable to see them with the naked eye. Lets take a closer look at these items under a microscope to see what the particles look like. Slide 11 / 67 Click to reveal "Invisible" Matter Matter is made up of small particles that cannot be individually seen. When many of these pieces combine together, they form the objects that surround us in our everyday life. Slide 12 / 67 While most of these objects can be seen, some examples of matter still remain invisible. How do we know there is matter inside these water bottles and balloons?
1 Which of the following is an example of matter? Slide 13 / 67 A Car B Laptop C Air D All of the above 1 Which of the following is an example of matter? Slide 13 () / 67 A Car B Laptop C Air D All of the above D 2 All matter is visible. Slide 14 / 67 True False
2 All matter is visible. Slide 14 () / 67 True False False 3 All matter is made up of many particles that are too small to be seen. Slide 15 / 67 True False 3 All matter is made up of many particles that are too small to be seen. Slide 15 () / 67 True False True
4 Which of the following is true of all matter? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 16 / 67 A Has weight. B Can be seen. C Takes up space. D Is colored. E Is always a solid. 4 Which of the following is true of all matter? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 16 () / 67 A Has weight. B Can be seen. C Takes up space. D Is colored. E Is always a solid. A and C Measuring Matter Slide 17 / 67 Now that we know what matter is how can we measure it?
Mass and Volume Matter is measured in terms of mass and volume. Slide 18 / 67 Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object. Mass is often thought of as weight and is measured using scales. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up. Volume is measured in many different units and is measured using different tools. Activity: What's in that Balloon? Slide 19 / 67 When you blow up a balloon, what do you put inside of it? What is this substance made of? How do you know that there is something in the balloon? Activity: The "Empty" Bottle Slide 20 / 67 Is there anything inside of the bottle? What we see in this experiment may surprise you! This activity will have you looking to see if an empty bottle really is entirely "empty."
5 Mass is Slide 21 / 67 A B C D The building blocks of all matter How much matter is in an object Anything that takes up space The amount of space an object takes up 5 Mass is Slide 21 () / 67 A B C D The building blocks of all matter How much matter is in an object Anything that takes up space B The amount of space an object takes up 6 Which of the following would you use to measure the volume of an object? Select all that apply. Slide 22 / 67 A B C D Scale Graduated Cylinder Microscope Ruler
6 Which of the following would you use to measure the volume of an object? Select all that apply. Slide 22 () / 67 A B C D Scale Graduated Cylinder Microscope Ruler B and D Slide 23 / 67 The Conservation of Mass Return to Table of Contents Review: Matter In our two activities, we saw that matter comes in a variety of different forms. Some matter is visible while some (specifically if it is a gas) is invisible. Slide 24 / 67
Conservation of Mass Despite these differences, the way matter behaves is the same no matter its appearance. One thing that is the same for all matter is that mass is always conserved. Slide 25 / 67 What the Law of the Conservation of Mass states is that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. What this means is that matter can't just magically appear or disappear. Where Do Objects Come From Then? Matter can not be created or destroyed but it does change form. Slide 26 / 67 For example, take a piece of cake: Name some ingredients which went into making that cake: The matter that makes up each ingredient comes from other sources as well. 7 What does the Law of Conservation of Mass say? Slide 27 / 67 A Mass cannot change form. B Mass can appear or disappear C Mass can neither be created nor destroyed. D Magic tricks go against scientific law by making things disappear.
7 What does the Law of Conservation of Mass say? Slide 27 () / 67 A Mass cannot change form. B Mass can appear or disappear C Mass can neither be created nor destroyed. C D Magic tricks go against scientific law by making things disappear. Activity: Heating Matter Sometimes when matter is heated, it changes form. Slide 28 / 67 How do these changes affect the amount of matter in an object and its weight? Come up with a hypothesis at your table right now! 8 Let's hypothesize: When an ice cube melts, what do you predict will happen to the weight? Slide 29 / 67 A Increase B Decrease C Stay the same
8 Let's hypothesize: When an ice cube melts, what do you predict will happen to the weight? Slide 29 () / 67 A Increase B Decrease C Stay the same s Vary Activity: Cooling Matter Slide 30 / 67 Matter changes form when it cools as well. For example, when water freezes into ice, it expands and changes shape. Certainly this will affect the weight of the matter, right? 9 Let's hypothesize: When water freezes, what do you predict will happen to the weight? Slide 31 / 67 A Increase B Decrease C Stay the same
9 Let's hypothesize: When water freezes, what do you predict will happen to the weight? Slide 31 () / 67 A Increase B Decrease C Stay the same s Vary Slide 32 / 67 Observable Properties of Matter Return to Table of Contents Differences in Matter We know that matter is the general name for everything in the entire universe. It is anything that takes up space and has weight and mass. Slide 33 / 67 We already learned that all matter is made up of very small. The way in which these are combined affects what the final object looks like. Look at the objects around your classroom. You can see that matter can differ quite a bit.
Properties / Characteristics Just like your classmates, all matter has distinct physical properties or characteristics that you can use to describe the objects. Slide 34 / 67 Name some of the characteristics we have used to previously describe objects. Let's practice by naming the characteristics of a pencil first. Properties / Characteristics Slide 35 / 67 Now, turn to your neighbor and list of as many of their physical characteristics as you can. This list of adjectives needs to be as complete as possible. Properties of Classmates If you were to trade your list of adjectives with another person, they could probably guess which classmate you were talking about. This is because that exact combination of descriptions more than likely relates to only one student in the class. Slide 36 / 67 Some of the characteristics may be similar (for example, more than one student may have brown hair), but when you look at all of the properties as a whole, it points to only one of your peers.
Physical Properties of Matter This same idea applies to matter. You probably listed hair and eye color as a characteristic of your classmate. Scientists look at the color of matter as well. Slide 37 / 67 Color is one physical property of matter. Scientists use the color of a substance to help determine what it is made of. For example: Gold will always have this yellow color. Platinum will always be a dark silver color. Copper has a color reddish orange color. Color Can Be Deceiving While color is a property of matter, it is sometimes not very helpful in determining what an object is made of. Slide 38 / 67 To demonstrate this, one of the pictures above shows a real diamond. The other shows cubic zirconia which people sometimes substitute for diamonds in jewelry. Can you tell them apart? Color Can Be Deceiving While color is a property of matter, it is sometimes not very helpful in determining what an object is made of. Slide 38 () / 67 Although both diamonds and cubic zirconia can refract light into rainbows, they have different internal reflections. Diamonds have a reflection that is grey or white. This is why they look sparkly when you look into them. Cubic zirconia produce rainbow reflections. To demonstrate this, one The of the stones pictures on the above left are shows the real a real diamond. The other shows cubic zirconia which diamonds. people sometimes substitute for diamonds in jewelry. Can you tell them apart?
10 Why is color not a reliable way to identify an object? Slide 39 / 67 A Many substances naturally come in more than one color. B Many substances can share the same color. C Most substances don't have a color. D Many substances have the ability to change color. 10 Why is color not a reliable way to identify an object? Slide 39 () / 67 A Many substances naturally come in more than one color. B Many substances can share the same color. C Most substances don't have a color. B D Many substances have the ability to change color. The Mystery Object Slide 40 / 67 Imagine you own a pawn shop and a customer brings in a "diamond" ring: If you don't carefully examine this ring, you may end up spending a lot of money on a ring that came out of a box of Cracker Jack! How will you ever be able to tell if it is real or not?
Other Properties of Matter Fortunately, there are many other ways in which we can describe matter that can help us determine what makes up an object. Slide 41 / 67 Besides color, scientists can also look at: - Hardness Diamonds are the hardest stones, which means they will not easily break. - Shininess - Electrical conductivity - Magnetism - Solubility Electricity cannot flow through rubber objects. Real or Fake? So how can you use this information to determine whether the diamond is real or not? Well.. for that you'd have to closely examine the properties of the gem and compare it to what is known about diamond and cubic zirconia. Slide 42 / 67 One fact is that diamond reflections are gray and cubic zirconia shows a rainbow. Can you tell which is the real diamond now? The diamond Click here! is on the left! 11 Which of the following is not an easily observable property of matter? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 43 / 67 A Color B Hardness (how hard it is to break) C Flammability (how well it burns) D Magnetism (will it be attracted by a magnet?) Hint: Which can you not observe without completely destroying the substance turning or it into something else?
11 Which of the following is not an easily observable property of matter? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 43 () / 67 A Color B Hardness (how hard it is to break) B and C C Flammability (how well it burns) D Magnetism (will it be attracted by a magnet?) Hint: Which can you not observe without completely destroying the substance turning or it into something else? 12 A property of rubber is that electricity flows through it well. Slide 44 / 67 True False 12 A property of rubber is that electricity flows through it well. Slide 44 () / 67 True False False
Activity: Describing Matter Slide 45 / 67 You will now play the role of scientists who are given mystery objects. In order to determine what the substances are, you will need to list all of the physical characteristics of the items. Activity: Mystery Substances Now that you have practiced describing matter, it is time to put your skills to work. You will now be given various mystery objects that you must identify. Use the physical properties of known substances to figure out what the mystery items are made of. Slide 46 / 67?? Slide 47 / 67 Mixing Substances Return to Table of Contents
Solubility Slide 48 / 67 In the last section, we saw that one characteristic of matter is solubility. Solubility is a term that relates to how much of an object can dissolve in another particular substance. If we say that something has dissolved, we mean that one substance has become incorporated into another, forming a solution. At your table, come up with a list of solutions you have made by dissolving one substance into another. You make many solutions at home every day! Liquid Solutions Slide 49 / 67 Many solutions are liquids. The Atlantic Ocean, seen at left, is a salt-water solution. The salt has dissolved in the water, making it seem like the salt has disappeared! Types of Solutions Many solutions are liquids, but some can be solids or gases. Slide 50 / 67 A brass coin, an example of a solid solution. It is made by mixing various metals. The air that this helicopter is flying through is a solution made of many different gases. For our purposes, we will focus only on liquid solutions in this unit.
13 Solutions can only be liquid. Slide 51 / 67 True False 13 Solutions can only be liquid. Slide 51 () / 67 True False False Solutions In a solution, each of the substances keeps its same properties. Slide 52 / 67 For example, in salt-water, both the salt and the water keeps their same hardness, color, electrical conductivity, etc and if you were to separate them again, you would get the original substances! + +
14 Which of the following statements is true about what happens when you mix salt and water? Slide 53 / 67 A The salt completely disappears. B The salt and water keep their same properties. C A completely new substance is made that is different than salt and water. D The salt does not dissolve. 14 Which of the following statements is true about what happens when you mix salt and water? Slide 53 () / 67 A The salt completely disappears. B The salt and water keep their same properties. B C A completely new substance is made that is different than salt and water. D The salt does not dissolve. Solutions In all solutions, there are solutes and a solvent. Slide 54 / 67 The solutes are the substances that are being dissolved. (There may be more than one) The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. What solutes are dissolved by a contact lens solution?
In the salt-water solution... Let's Practice Slide 55 / 67 Salt is the. Water is the. (hint: It disolves the salt) Can you think of any more examples? 15 Which of the following sentences is true of a sugar-water mixture? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 56 / 67 A The sugar is the solute and the water is the solvent. B The sugar will dissolve in the water. C The sugar does not dissolve in the water. D A solution is made. E The solution will be solid. F The sugar and water will keep their same properties. 15 Which of the following sentences is true of a sugar-water mixture? (Choose all that apply.) Slide 56 () / 67 A The sugar is the solute and the water is the solvent. B The sugar will dissolve in the water. C The sugar does not dissolve in A, the B, D water. and F D A solution is made. E The solution will be solid. F The sugar and water will keep their same properties.
Universal Solvent Water is known as the Universal Solvent. Slide 57 / 67 This is because more substances can dissolve in water than in any other chemical. For this reason, we will be using water in each of our activities. 16 You want to complete an experiment to see if a substance will dissolve. Which of these substances should you use as a solvent? Slide 58 / 67 A Syrup B Vinegar C Water D Oil 16 You want to complete an experiment to see if a substance will dissolve. Which of these substances should you use as a solvent? Slide 58 () / 67 A Syrup B Vinegar C Water D Oil C
Demo: Soluble Substance Substances are either soluble or insoluble in water. What do you think the difference is between these two words? Slide 59 / 67 How much of a substance can dissolve in a given amount of water is known as that material's solubility. In this demonstration, you will be looking at the solubility of sugar, a soluble substance. How many scoops can dissolve in your given amount of water? + Demo: Insoluble Substance Not all substances will dissolve in water. Slide 60 / 67 In this demonstration, you will mix oil and water. What happens when these two substances are combined? Is a solution formed? + Solutions Remember! When you mix two substances, a solution is not always formed. A solution can only form if the substances are well-mixed. Slide 61 / 67 Which of the pictures below shows a solution? Olive Oil and Balsamic Vinegar Riboflavin and Water
17 When you combine oil and vinegar, you notice that all of the oil is floating on top of the vinegar. Which of the following is true? Slide 62 / 67 A Vinegar is soluble in oil. B Oil is soluble in vinegar. C Oil and vinegar are insoluble in each other. D Mixing oil and vinegar forms a solution. 17 When you combine oil and vinegar, you notice that all of the oil is floating on top of the vinegar. Which of the following is true? Slide 62 () / 67 A Vinegar is soluble in oil. B Oil is soluble in vinegar. C Oil and vinegar are insoluble in each other. D Mixing oil and vinegar forms a solution. C The "Disappearing" Solute Think back to the sugar-water demonstration.. Were you able to see the sugar after mixing it into the water? Where did it go? Slide 63 / 67 Before, you started with sugar similar to what you see above. After mixing it into the water, it looks like nothing like this. Did this sugar just disappear?
Activity: Conservation of Mass in Solutions Previously, we learned about the Conservation of Mass. Does anyone remember what this stated? Slide 64 / 67 Matter can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only transform. Click here for a reminder! Because of this, we know that the sugar couldn't have just disappeared. We will prove this in an activity using salt-water. Activity: Separating Substances Even though the salt had dissolved in the water, you can see that the weight of the salt is simply added to the weight of the water. Slide 65 / 67 Even though you can't see the salt, it is still there! Since this is the case, is there a way to separate the salt and water once again? This activity will allow you to answer that question. + Demo: Chemical Changes Slide 66 / 67 Sometimes when substances are combined, some pretty big changes occur. In front of you, you have two substances. One is a liquid (vinegar) and the other is a solid powder (baking soda). At your teacher's instruction, we will be combining these substances in a beaker. + =?
Demo: Chemical Changes Slide 67 / 67 + =? What was different about combining these two materials compared to creating our salt-water solution? Did the baking soda dissolve? Was a solution formed?