24 5 2005 9 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol124, No15 Sept1, 2005 1, 2,3, 1,2, 1, 1, 1 (11, 100080 ; 21, 100101 ; 31, 100101) :,,,, 6193 10 9 m 3 / a, 41319 m 3 / a, 471 6 % 431 4 % 910 %,,,,,, : ; ; ; : 100020585 (2005) 0520725207 1, [1 7 ] [8 15 ],,, [11,12, 15 ], [16,17 ],,,,,,,,, : 2005202212 ; : 2005207225 : SUSDEN2Chia ( WP5) : (19752),,,
726 24,,, [ 9 14 ],,,,,,,,, 2 211,, 1950 2000, 1957 1985, ; 1985 Ladsat TM, 212,,, ;,, ;, [10,13,14,16,19 ],,,,,,, : W b = T mi ( Qij ) 10-8 (1) i, W b, Qij i j,, 311536 10 6 s [8 ], T,,, [14 ],,,, : W s = S t/ Cmax (2) Cmax = 1 max ( Cij ) (3) i
5 : 727, W s, S t, Cmax, Cij i j,, (243211mm) (4717mm),,,, : W P = W i E i = 1 = S i N i = 1 i r = i = 1 i S N i 0 (1 - hi/ hmax) (4), W P ( m 3 ) ; W E i i ( m 3 ) ; S i N i ( hm 2 ) ; i r i (mm) ; 0 Pema (mm) ; hi i (m) ; hmax ( m), hmax = 415m ; i, ( 1) 1 Tab11 Vegetatio ifluece idex at various depths i the Keriya river basi (m) 11 0 11 5 21 0 21 5 31 0 31 5 41 0 1198 1163 11 56 11 45 11 38 11 29 11 00 (mm) 0 ( Pema),, [ 18,20 23 ],, Pema,,, [ 20,22 ] H1L1 Pema 1979 FAO FAO - 17 Pema H1L1 Pema, : 0 = P 0175 QA a, + b N - T 4 K (0165-01079 e) 01 1 + 01 9 + 0126 ( ex - ea) (1 + C u2) N (5) P + 110 P ( hpa) ; - (hpa/ ) ; ;, N (h) ;, 2101 10-9 mm/ (a K 4 ) ; T k, Tk = Ta + 273115 ; C, 0154 ; u2 2m ( m/ s) ; a, b, 1961 1990
728 24, a = 0135, b = 0144 ; QA ( mm/ d), QA = Q0 (1 - A ), Q0 (mm/ d) ; A,, 0130 ; ex ( hpa) ; ea (hpa) ; P [23 ] : P = 3318639[ 0105904 (0100738 Ta + 018072) 7-010000342 ] 01242 (1013-011055 H) / 01622 (595-0151 Ta), H ( m) ; Ta ( ) ; 1957 1985, 1957 1985, 20 (0195), 0101 [ 23 ],, [24 ], ; [ 19,24 26 ],, 415m, ; 215m,,,, ( 1) ( 1) 3, 1190 m 3 / a, 0153 m 3 / a, 4150 m 3 / a ( 2), 6193 m 3 / a, (8164 m 3 / a) (2128 m 3 / a) (2179 m 3 / a) (13171m 3 / a) 5015 % 413190 m 3 / a, 2114 m 3 / a, 4716 % ; 1195 m 3 / a, 4314 % ; 0141 m 3 / a, 910 % ( 2),, 30 %, 40 %, 20 % [8 ] 5811 %, 2000 2020 ( 3), 25583172 m 3 / a (2000 ) 23119173 m 3 / a (2020 ),,,, (6)
5 : 729 2 Tab1 2 Miimum evaporatio volumes of vegetatio i the Keriya basi 1985 (ha) 3 (m) (m) (m 3 / a) 1 8051 35 110 415 21 50 11 45 4 155 5341 33 1 0181 49 310 810 41 00 11 29 43 000178 15 756190 110 410 21 50 11 45 36 269 032100 2 1141 85 215 101 3 41 00 11 00 69 216135 14 219163 11 00 11 00 11 98 214 169 337155 55 762179 110 315 21 50 11 45 128 354 106124 131 8701 18 310 410 31 50 11 29 38 774 803103 865 0311 62 41 00 41 00 11 00 28 311 397121 450 146 427149 4131 90 3 1985 Ladsat2TM 3 ( 10 4 m 3 ) Tab1 3 Water balace i the Keriya river basi ( 10 4 m 3 ) 1994 2000 2010 2020 186131 33 24760186 3132014 400181 15 44812158 4495149 444915 532511 5797195 578215 1391 24 3591 08 811114 8111 14 133713 51815 6661 28 894193 8941 93 1076167 237661 56 30235172 38351157 475221 17 53009105 6978919 697891 9 6858919 679991 35 674091 9 16350 16715154 14511152 145111 52 129721 3 18184 18184 16742 16742 16044 1288157 47701 49 772918 1311812 160441 5 477651 97 45880108 47863184 550071 33 526461 9 102021 82 10388132 1000618 1104015 103871 4 1288157 47701 49 772918 1311812 160441 5 592571 36 61038189 65600144 791661 03 790781 8 7470 7470 2579193 52471 95 58681 96 72591 9 7206197 2579193 52471 95 58681 96 1472919 14676197 4121 64 281711 11 30237104 25230178 164631 04 173471 9 163101 34 15912132 11547173 2776134 2672117 118601 77 14324172 13683105 1368617 14675173 11259 11259 9570 9570 8444 231191 77 25583172 2325617 2325617 23119173 : 2000 2020 (, 1998) : 2000 2020, 2010,,,
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5 : 731 [ 25 ], 1 1,1996,20 (5) :397 4031 [ 26 ], 1 1 ( ),2000, (3) :242 2451 Estimatio model ad applicatio of the amout of eco2water demad : a case study o Keriya river basi CH EN Rui 1, DEN G Xiag2zheg 2,3, ZHAN Ji2ya 1,2, WAN G Yu2li 1, L I Dog 1, N IU We2yua 1 (11 Istitute of Policy ad Maagemet, CAS, Beijig 100080,Chia ; 21 Ceter for Chiese Agricultural Policy, CAS, Beijig 100101,Chia ; 31 Istitute of Geographic Scieces ad Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijig 100101, Chia) Abstract :Eco2water demad is a focus of at tetio i ecological ad water sciece research at p reset1 U der t he macro scopical backgro ud of implemetig t he west develop met strategy, p ursuig t he ecological project of covertig farmlad ito forest ad grasslad ad realizig regioal sustaiable develop met of Chia, water ad lad resources distribu2 tio, especially the deficiecy of water resources has restraied t he develop met ad utili2 zatio of wester regio s resources ad become a urget problem awaitig solutio1 J ust because of this, the assessmet of the scale ad itesity of basi ecosystem eco2water de2 mad is of po sitive ad realistic sigificace1 This paper, wit h wester arid climate ad hugriess eviromet as t he research object, t hrough aalyzig the struct ure character2 istics of differet eco system s eco2water demad, syt hetically estimates t he scale of eco2 water demad ad aalyzes t he questio of equilibrium of supply ad demad of eco2water requiremet i terms of maitaiig t he basic amout of ecological base flow of t he f uda2 metal eco2evirometal f uctio of the draiage chaels, keepig basi chaels mois2 t ure balace for sedimet ad salt discharge ad maitaiig t he basi s ecological balace by miimizig water co sumed for vegetatio evapot raspiratio 1 The research result idi2 cates t hat the total eco2water demad i t he whole basi is about 6. 93 10 9 m 3 / a, accout2 ig for 5015 % of t he total amout of t he basi s recet available surface water resources, gro udwater miig ad may years sp rig average foot2pat h flow1 The develop met ad utilizatio degree of t his basi surface water has already exceeded ratio al t hreshold value1 The average miimum eco2water demad per ha of vegetatio is 41319 m 3 / a1 Of t he eco2 water co sumed for differet t ypes of vegetatio, marshlad, meadow ad forest lad sep2 arately accout for 4716 %, 4314 % ad 910 % of the total water requiremet1 Marshlad ad meadow are t he pricipal eco2water cosumers1 Research result s have importat refer2 ece value to make develop met ad utilizatio pla of water ad lad resources, for local govermet, guaratee the beig cycle of t he water resources, realize t he sustaiable uti2 lizatio of t he water resources, restore ad rehabilitate the eco2eviromet1 Key words :eco2water demad ; sustaiable utilizatio ; Keriya river basi ; west Chia