Apv Vuzon o Tx Doumn nopong Domn Knowg Ax J. Soo Fuy o Compu Sn Dhou Unvy, Cn oo@.. M Sk nu o Von n Gph Unvy o Sgn, Gmny k@nomk.un-gn. Guvo E. Vzquz Dpmn o Compu Sn Unv Non Su, Agnn gv@.un.u. Evngo Mo Fuy o Compu Sn Dhou Unvy m@.. Ab W pn mho o vuzng x opo h um o onn b n unb oumn. Ou mho m nng mppng o b oumn nung h m h mo vn o b mnon. W n u h nomon o vuz mpp unb oumn w. W o how how h mho ow h nuon o u bk. Th bk upp n n v po, o h h u n u h oupu o h mho o pov omn knowg o h. A h m m, h hnqu w u o povng nw ow-mnon p wh on ung o on mho n b pp. Evn hough ou ppoh b o wh oumn b h, onnuou vu, o o vo, w onn h xpmn o h o b h pn non-ovpp op. Th ppoh vu ung o ho n noy oumn, whh on hngng k n h x mnng u. 1 nouon n mny n o n bomng mo n mo mpon o pn onnng houn o vb. Tho, h n nng n o b b o onby u h numb o vb, o h h ub o vb boh mnmy unn n mxmy vn. Mny n ppoh o mnony uon o mno nng mho hv bn popo o [1, 2]. h mnon o h mno ow nough,.. no mo hn 3 mnon, hn h n b vuz n h poby ow u o x nuv nomon om h vu pnon o h. Tx pnon no xmp om h Cu o mnony. Ung h w-known bg o wo mo opu o oumn pn n m o h o wo o m h h oumn h [3]. Th ppoh y oumn-m mx h on h houn o unqu m. Rg o h wghng ppoh o h oumn-m p, h mx vy ky o b p. Ln Smn nxng (LS) mho h w xnvy u o ung oumn opu ung ngu vu ompoon [4]. Th o h mho o ny o n vb h n b hough onp. L vn onp n b n o o uh u h mnony o h pnon. 1
n h pp, w pn mho ASM (Apv Subp Mppng), whh h bn uuy u n hmo- n bonom ppon wh h pupo o mpovng pon py [5]. Th mn n bwn ASM n LS n h h ASM w onv o b u wh b. n oh wo, ASM k o u h ogn p kng no oun h b nomon o h oumn, hu upv mho. W how h ppby o ASM o obn n nomv vu ognzon o h b oumn. A h m m, w m nvovng h u n png n nhnng vu ognzon by povng omn bk. W wou k o how h h pv n mu u by ASM uu wy o mphzng wh h mo vn m o vuzon o b oumn. Th pv mu n b o u mppng unon n uz o vuz unb oumn, n hn o nuvy m h b om h onx o h pojon oon. 2 Mhooogy Gvn n m-mnon vo x j X R m, 1 j n, uh h h x j o o q-mnon vo j L R q. n h onx o x opu, n h h numb o b oumn n h opu, m h numb o on m n h opu n j h vo pnon o h b o h oumn x j. ASM m nng ubp o X, o h h pw n D λ X n h ubp n mxmum oon wh ho on h b p (D L ). n oh wo, pw n on h m p ough o b n mxmum oon wh ho n on h b p. woh nong h wh D L h u h Eun n on h b p, h λ upp n D λ X n h o h oowng pv n: (D λ X),j = (x x j ) T λ λ T (x x j ). (1) wh λ n m u mx, n u p by h u. Th pm mx λ u o mxmz my: λ = g mx λ (D L, D λ X) (2) wh h Pon oon. Loy opm ouon o λ n b obn by mxmzng h quon. No h wh h numb o ow o h λ mx onn by h numb o m n X, h numb o oumn u n by h u. A h m m, woh mkng h X T λ o, nvy, λ T X, n ubp h n nomv pnon o h npu p ou on b oon. vuzon h um go o h mho, ho o u 3 mu b u. n h m wy, unb oumn n b o poj o h nw p by ung h opmz λ mx. An mpon pon h h h omponn o h λ mx n b np om h ny o Eq. 1. By, n h oumn o λ g bou vu no vn mnv m o h n vb. Th gn o h omponn w nun oumn o b poj o h pov o ngv o h n vb. 3 Expmn n Ru W u h Avon Suy Rpong Sym (ASRS) Db Rpo S [6], whh puby vb o oumn on op o von uy. W x h nv o h oumn h bong o 4 ou o h 24 p op, nmy B o Anm Sk Ro, Emgny m v nn, Fu mngmn u n ngh wh noun. Sn h op h 50 oumn, w u o o 200 oumn. n o o u h ompxy o h pobm, m (.. m ppng on n hn o qu o 2% o h oumn) w. Th p mov oun 6048 m yng n o 1829 unqu m. 2
woh hghghng h h opu vy hngng o wo on. F, h vg ngh o h oumn ony w nn. Th mk u o x y gnn m om h oumn u o h ow g o unny. Son, h x wh onym, ho bbvon n mpng. H n xmp o yp oumn: 30 m w o zzz, okp gh bghn, hn mok okpn okp gh wn ou. n hough h m mok n okphk, hn on n m. w n zzzwhou uh nn. A bny oun wghng w o h oumn-m mx,.. h mx omponn oponng o h k h m o h j h oumn x j 0 h m no pn n h oumn n 1 ohw. W hnk h h bny wghng ppoh ppop gvn h ho ngh o h oumn. Lb vo pn ung q-mnon ohonom vo, wh q = 4,.. h numb o. Th pnon pou m n vu whn pw ompon o ny wo oumn o n pom. Bo h xpmn, h o oumn w nomy v oow: 64% o nng, 16% o von n 20% o ng. Von n ng oumn on unb. A o oh mhn nng ppoh h von py n mpon o o monong h gnzon by ung h opmzon o h λ mx. Whou ny oh oppng ASM mgh b pon o ov h nng oumn. Sn n ny xpon o h gn o h Eq. 2 n b v, w pp h mmoy m qu Nwon Boyn-Fh-Gob-Shnno mho n o o opmz h λ mx. Fg. 1 how n xmp o pojon o h oumn o ubp o 2 mnon. Evn hough h pon bwn oumn no p, pov onb pon ong o op mmbhp. Sn w opmzng mup-o mxmum unon, h un ung n nom nzon o h λ mx w y n opm o qu-opm onguon. Dn opmum onguon omm uu bu n u vw x n n ubp. Fg. 2 how h u o un ung n λ nzon. n on, Fg. 3 n 4 how wo n vw o m pojon o h on 3-mnon p. Fom h ny o h λ mx w mn whh h mo vn m o h n vb. Rvny n b on h op n. Tb 1 how o h 12 mo vn m oponng o Fg. 1, o by ng bou vu o. Th m u o b h ngv n pov n o h x pnng h n ubp n Fg. 1-5. Th on z o h m popoon o h oponng mn o λ. No h ynonym ky o b goup n h m o n vb. Th vuzon pou n b uh opmz by onng u vn bk. Fom h o vn m o h mnon h u n: vn o op-wo m (S1) n u ogh m h hv ong mn o mophoog onhp (S2). Sp S1 m ng wo h vn by hn. Sp S2 m onng v wo ng on hy ng o h m n o h wo. No h vn whn h p mgh b byp ung ony, ng wh u x opu uh ASRS mk h k mo ompx u o h pn o ho bbvon. Fom h o h wo o h Tb 1, u my n h m n, w n h o mov n h p b n b mny. Whn h wo n n h oumn-m mx popy up, h ASM gohm n b n ng o no wh h nomon o h λ mx. Fg. 5 p how h bk po mpov h vu pon o h n ompon o Fg. 1. Th mpovmn n b qun ung o o ohon o pon, whh y n vg mpovmn o 25% n 10 n un. 4 Conuon Evn hough oh p o h n b u ung ASM, h pmny u hown n h pp n h pon o h mho on x opo h u o u n vuz wh n mho. ASM ow h u o vuz opu o b n unb oumn n o gn ngh o h unb oumn. Fo h k, w hv u 3
Tb 1: Top 12 bou vu o λ oponng o m n o Fgu 1. λ.,1-0.2220-0.1340-0.1183 0.1180-0.1162-0.0985-0.0970-0.0961 0.0950 0.0941 0.0935 0.0921 Tm u b nom hop nng nou nk b p gh n m λ.,2-0.2393 0.1581-0.1350-0.1196-0.1185 0.1103-0.1015 0.0962-0.0962-0.0893-0.0876 0.0868 Tm b u b mp k nk no ono mg h unwy gh po o pnng ho x po n ow-mnon ubp. Som o h oumn (on ) unb, y h mho ow u o vuy n h op om h on o h op-b oumn. Moov, h mnng o h x o h ubp n b b by wo o h opu. Th m n b hough mnv kywo o h n op o h oumn. ASM n b uh nhn by h ngon o h u onong h opmzon po. Fom h oupu o h mnv kywo, h u n ny wo h x vn ony by hn, k ppoon o, n hn o no pn gnn wo o mnon. n m wy, h u n u ogh wo h mny m, o h ynonym n b on h m wo. n on, ou oumn mgh b y ognz n om pobm n x, uh ho onym n mpng, n b n by u. Th nv u ow h mho o b u vn o poo quy x. Anoh nng u o h ppoh h h ony on mpon pm o b by h u,.. mnony o h ubp. Ahough oh pm o n onon o oppng mu b o, hy n b n n wy whou ompomng h vuzon py o h mho. Th mk ASM ub o u by non-xp. ASM n b o on u on ppoh, n hn mhn nng mho n b u on op o h nom p n o o n mp mo hn h mo h wou b obn on h ogn p. Howv, vung n mhn nng mho on h ubp no h go o h wok. n, w popo vu pnon o oumn, wh humn b o w onuon bou oumn onn, n h m m, h mho n p pnon b on h u-bk. Th x vuzon mho my b on ngug-npnn n o no y on ppong b on ony- o m o mov op-wo. Vy nqun m ony mov o mpov h mho m pomn. A uu wok, w wokng on xnng u-bk opon, k bhmn o nw. Fny, h vopmn o GU o non wh u wou mpov u non n ny pb. Aknowgmn Auho hnk NSERC, PG-UNS (24/ZN16) n MNCyT-BMBF (AL0811 - ARG 08/016) o h uppo n h wok. Rvw ommn w pp. Rn [1] Zhng J, Hung H, Wng J. Mno Lnng o Vuzng n Anyzng Hgh-Dmnon D. EEE n Sy. 2010;25(4):54-61. [2] Gobon A., Row S. M nng by opng. Av n Nu n Po Sy. 2006;451-458. [3] Mnnng CD, Rghvn P, Shüz H. An nouon o nomon Rv. Cmbg Unvy P; 2008. [4] Dw S, Dum ST, Hhmn R. nxng by Ln Smn Any. Annu Mng o h Amn Soy o nomon Sn; 1988. p. 36-40. [5] Sk M, Soo AJ, Vzquz GE. Apv mx n mng opmum gon ubp. Euopn Sympoum on A Nu Nwok (ESANN). 2010; 9398. [6] hp://..n.gov/h/po.hm 4
u +T n ngo um n xt ngo um n nk B k po Em g n ym v n n Fu mng m n u nfl ghw h n oun on o fl gh un w y h mg no k mp b b u bnomnngnou nk b p mn gh p ho Fgu 1: Pojon o ho x o 2-mnon p (von no hown o y on). Ro o ohon o pon o ng 0.2128. ho p +T n ngo um n xt ngo um n gh wh B k po Em g n ym v n n Fu m n g m n u nfl ghw h n oun p n n g w h b bk v m n mum nk u Fgu 2: Pojon o ho x o 2-mnon p. Dn n onon hn o Fgu 1. Ro o ohon o pon o ng 0.2877. 5
u n ng b b b no m g h k o n o gh m p n m p ho p B k po Em g n ym v n n Fu mng m n u nfl ghw h n oun u nk n ngo um n +T ngo um n xt k no unwy h gh w fl mp b b Fgu 3: Pojon o ho x o 3-mnon p (vw 1). Ro o ohon o pon o ng 0.1561. b b mp unwy n o k fl gh w h u nk b g h k n ngo um n +T ngo um n xt B k po Em g n ym v n n Fu mng m n u nfl ghw h n oun gh u m ng n p n m p ho p o on b m no b Fgu 4: Pojon o ho x o 3-mnon p (vw 2). Ro o ohon o pon o ng 0.1561. 6
u nk mnmum non u pn +Tnngoumn xtngoumn Bkpo Emgnymvnn Fumngmnu nghwhnoun mg mp mn vbon k b/ b whu von mpu phopgh Fgu 5: Pojon o ho x o 2-mnon p ppyng u bk on o Fgu 1. Ro o ohon o pon o ng 0.1317. 7