17 6 001 11 T ransactions of the CSA E V o l. 17N o. 6 N ov. 001 85 : 1006819 (001) 06008505 1 Cecilia Stanghellin i (1. ;. Institute of A gricultural and Environm ental Engineering W ageningen N etherlands) : : EC (m S cm ) EC 5. 1% (3. 8% ) ) ; 3. 4% : : ; ; ; (L ycopersicon esculentum ); : S65. 5 + 1 : A 1 ( EC m S cm ) ( IM A G) ; ( EC (Chaser) (10 cm 10 cm 6. 5 cm ) > 5 ) (89 ) m.. 5 m (N a + ) (C l - ) 1. 1 ( 300 m ) : 90% (0 18 ) B ruggink [ 1 ] (V PD ) V PD : Stanghellin i [ ] ) ( H E T 0) : (L E T 0 ) Stanghellin i V an M eu rs [ 3 ] : 0010510 : 0010730 : 030801 ( 4) 1995-005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
86 001 6 0. 15 L h 4 ) CO 400 LL L 105 4 h EC = EC 3 6. 5 8 9. 5 ( 1) EC = 9. 1 (N u trien ts) (N ac l) V PD 70% 1 3 ) ( 1) 1 ( EC ) ph 030 d EC 4 1 T able 1Som e basic info rm ation of the experim ents 1996 EC E T 0 1 1995115 19960701 19960710 1996108 1997 3 1996116 19970703 1998 4 19980106 1998098 L E T 0 9. 5 8 9 N ac l 9 N utrients H E T 0 H E T 0 L E T 0 H E T 0 L E T 0 M J(m d) - 1 0. 15 L h 1 0. 49 0. 30 0. 0 18. 5 11. 7 6. 5 0 (H E T 0 L E T 0) 4 h V PD T able D iurnal m ean saturated w ater vapo r p ressure deficit (V PD ) and temperature (T ) in h igh and low transp iration treatm ents (H E T 0 and L E T 0) averaged during the treatm ent periods of the various experim ents and outside to tal global radiation (GR ) averaged fo r the w ho le grow ing period V PD kpa T 0. 43 0. 3 0. 19. 4 11. 7 3 0. 58 0. 36 19. 5 18. 5 11. 4 0. 60 0. 55 19. 5 19. 4 11. 4 1 ). EC = 4 H E T 0 EC (6. 5 9. 5) EC = 1. 0%8% ; L E T 0 1%18% m in ( GFM ) EC (8 ) ( m in ) GFM = 33. 39-1. 54 EC (R = 0. 93 H E T 0 ) 8 GFM = 34. 5-1. 08 EC (R = 0. 95L E T 0 ) EC V PD CO EC H E T 0 m in 5. 1% L E T 0 3. 4% N a 1995-005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
6 : 87 C l 10% N ac l 3) [ 4 ] A B 4 1) C D E F 1 G H 3 ( ) 0. 65 ) EC 1 [ 5 6 F ig. 1D aytim e w ater up take of a single p lant (liters per p lant per day 1 p l - 1 day - 1 ) at the low transp iration treatm ent (L E T 0) versus the one at the h igh transp iration treatm ent (H E T 0) M aas Hoffm an [ 7 ] (EC ) EC EC Sonneveld W ells [ 8 ]. 5 M aas Hoffm an [ 7 ] EC = (f w ) EC f w = 108. 5-3. 8 EC (R = 0. 99 H E T 0 ) f w = 110. 5-3. EC (R = 0. 97L E T 0 ) L E T 0 EC (3. % ) 3) Eh ret Ho [ 9 ] ; EC L E T 0 H E T 0 H E T 0 EC 3. 8% 5. 1% ( 3) H E T 0 ) EC 1. 3% 3EC (% ) ) T able 3Effect of EC and transp iration on fruit dry m atter content (averaged fo r w ho le grow ing period) and dry w eigh t of individual fruit L SD 5% 3 EC 9. 5 9. 5 1 % 4. 99 6. 60 5. 07 6. 34 0. 05 g 3. 0. 9 3. 3 3. 0. 3 EC 8 8 % 4. 79 5. 78 4. 86 5. 64 0. 06 g 4. 0 3. 8 4. 4. 0 0. 4 EC = 9 N ac l N utrients N ac l N utrients 3 % 6. 69 6. 3 6. 40 6. 15 0. 05 g 3. 3. 1 3. 3. 0. 3 EC 6. 5 6. 5 4 % 5. 41 6. 4 5. 10 6. 07 0. 01 g 3. 8 3. 4 3. 4 3. 5 0. 3 3 : 5% 3 EC (% ) EC : EC 3) 1. 4 EC 1995-005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
88 001 nutrient so lution on grow th w ater po tentials and o s EC mo tic po tentials of young tom ato p lants in so illess cul EC ture[j ]. So illess Culture 1987 3 (): 819. [ ]Stanghellini C. T ransp iration of greenhouse crop s: an [ 10 11 ] aid to clim ate m anagem en t [ D ]. PhD dissertation W agen ingen A gric U n iv W agen ingen 1987. 150. [ 3 ]Stanghellini C V an M eurs W T h M. Environm ental 90% contro l of greenhouse crop transp iration [J ]. J A gric [ 1 ] Eng R es 199 51: 97311. 90% [4 ]L i Yaling. A nalysis of greenhouse tom ato p roduction in relation to salinity and shoo t environm ent[d ]. PhD dissertation W ageningen U niversity W ageningen: 000. 96. [5 ]A dam s P Ho L C. Effect of constant and fluctuating salin ity on the yield quality and calcium statu s of ) [ 13 ] tom atoes[j ]. J Ho rt Sci 1989 64 (6): 7573. [ 6 ]Ieperen W V an. Consequences of diurnal variation in EC = salinity on w ater relations and yield of tom ato [D ]. PhD disertation W ageningen A gric U niv W agenin gen 1996. 176. [ 7 ]M aas E V Hoffm an G J. C rop salt to lerancecurrent assessm ent[a ]. Journal of the Irrigation and D rainage : D ivision. P roceedings of the Am erican Society of C ivil Engineers[C ] 1997 103( IR ): 115134. [8 ]Sonneveld C W ellesw H. Y ield and quality of rock w oo lgrow n tom atoes as affected by variations in EC value and clim atic condition s [ J ]. P lan t and so il EC ) 1988 111: 374. [ 9 ]Eh ret D L Ho L C. T he effect of salinity on dry m at ter partitioning and fruit grow th in tom atoes grow n in nutrient film culture[j ]. J Ho rt Sci 1986 61 (3): 361 367. EC [ 10 ]Bakker J C. Effect of day and nigh t hum idity on yield and fru it quality of glasshou se tom atoes (L ycopersi ( con esculentum M ill. ) [J ]. J Ho rt Sci 1990 65 (3): 33331. ) [11 ]Ho lder R Cock shull K E. Effect of hum idity on the grow th and yield of glasshouse tom atoes[j ]. J Ho rt : Sci 1990 65 (1): 3139. [ 1 ]Grange R I H and D W. R eview A rticlea review ( ) of the effects of atmo spheric hum idity on the grow th of ho rticultural crop s[j ]. J Ho rt Sci 1987 6 (): H ugo Challa 15134. [13 ]Koning A N M de. D evelopm ent and dry m atter dis [ ] [ 1 ]B ruggink G T Schouw ink H E Coo len E A J M. Ef fects of different day and nigh t o smo tic p ressure of the 1995-005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. tribu tion in glasshou se tom ato: a quan titative ap p roach [D ]. PhD dissertation W ageningen A gric U n iv W agen ingen: 1994. 40.
6 : 89 Effect of Tran sp ira tion Con trol Under H igh Sa lin ity in a Greenhouse on Toma to Y ield L i Ya ling (1. D ep artm ent of H orticu ltu re S hanx i A g ricu ltu ral U niversity T aig u 030801 Ch ina;. Institu te of A g ricu ltu ral and E nv ironm ental E ng ineering W ag ening en N etherland s) Abstract: Fo r the reason of h igh concen tration o r h igh salin ity in clo sed grow ing system due to unbalance of supp ly and ab so rp tion of ion s in nu trien t so lu tion the respon se of tom ato p lan ts to h igh salin ity w as an alyzed under no rm al and con tro lled clim ate (po ten tial tran sp iration) in greenhou seṡ Tw o clim ate treat m en ts a reference ( h igh tran sp iration H E T 0) and a dep ressed tran sp iration ( low tran sp iration L E T 0) w ere com b ined w ith tw o salin ity treatm en ts in 4 pairs: salin ity EC ( electrical conductivity m S cm ) 6. 5 8. 0 9. 5 alw ays coup led w ith a reference EC and bo th EC 9 bu t a com parison of concen trated nu trien ts and nu trien ts w ith sodium ch lo ride. It w as show n that m arketab le freshyield p roduction efficiency decreased by 5. 1% fo r each EC un it in excess of EC. T he yield lo ss resu lted from reduced fru it w eigh t (3. 8% per EC un it) and an increased fraction of unm arketab le harvest becau se the num ber of har vested fru its w as no t affected. A t thel E T 0 treatm en t yield lo ss w as on ly 3. 4% per EC un it in acco rdance w ith the reduction in fru it w eigh ṫ N either EC no r clim ate treatm en ts affected individual fru it dry w eigh ṫ It is concluded that tran sp iration con tro l in a greenhou se have the sam e im po rtance fo r tom ato p roduction as salin ity con tro l in roo t environm en ṫ A nd dep ressed tran sp iration m ay reduce the negative effect of h igh salin ity on tom ato yield. Key words: greenhou se; salin ity stress; tran sp iration con tro l; tom ato (L ycopersicon escu len tum ) ; yield 1995-005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.