24 9 2004 9 A CTA ECOLO G ICA S IN ICA V o l. 24,N o. 9 Sep., 2004 1, 13, 1, 1, 2 3, (11, 100084; 21, 710082; 31, 100080) :, ;, 3 ( ), 1 km 2, ; 1km 2 : (1),,, ; (2),,, ; (3), ; (4) 1km 2, 3, : ; ; ; ; ; The rela tion sh ip between landscape pa ttern and the habita t of g ian t panda s on the southern slope of the m iddle Qin ling M oun ta in s ZHAN G Shuang 1, L IU Xue2H ua 13, J IN Q iang 1, L I J i2hong 1, J IN Xue2L in 2,W E I Fu2W en 3 (1. D ep artm ent of E nv ironm ental S cience and E ng ineering, T sing hua U niversity, B eij ing 100084, Ch ina; 2. T he S haanx i F orest B u reau, X i an 710082, Ch ina; 3. Institu te of Z oology, Ch inese A cad emy of S ciences, B eij ing 100080, Ch ina). A cta Ecolog ica S in ica, 2004, 24 (9) : 1950 1957. Abstract: L andscape pattern s resu lt from variou s eco logical p rocesses occu rring on differen t spatial scaleṡ In tu rn landscape pattern s strongly affect b io logical p rocesses of w ildlife popu lation ṡ L andscape pattern s influence the structu re and distribu tion of w ildlife populationṡ T h rough remo te sensing (R S) and Geograph ic Info rm ation System s (G IS), w e analyzed co rrelations betw een landscape patterns and giant pandas activities in th ree reserves (Fop ing, Changqing and Guanyinshan) on the southern slope of the m iddle Q inling M ountainṡ W e began by m app ing and analyzing landscape patterns and assessed th ree landscape indices, includingm PFD (m ean patch fractal dim en sion index), FN (fragm en tation index) and SD I (Shannon diversity index). W e used statistical analyses to exam ine co rrelations betw een giant pandas activity den sity and landscape pattern s at a spatial reso lution of 1km 2. T he m ain results show : (1) T here are differences on landscape patterns among th ree nature reserveṡ Fop ing N R show s the h ighest level landscape diversity, fo llow ed by Changqing N R and Guanyinshan N R w ith the low est L andscape diversity (2) D ue to hum an disturbance and habitat resto ration, the degree of landscape fragm entation in Fop ing N R is the low est, fo llow ed by Changqing N R, and Guanyinshan w ith the h ighest level of fragm entation. (3) T he activity signs of giant pandas w ere densely distributed in tw o areas, i. e. the m iddle of Fop ing N R and the no rthern part of Changqing N R. : (30230080) ; M emph is ; : 2004203227; : 2004207215 : (1981 ),,,,, G IS E2m ail: zhangshuang03@m ails. tsinghua. edu. cn 3 A utho r fo r co rrespondence. E2m ail: xuehua2hjx@m ail. tsinghua. edu. cn Foundation item: Key P ro ject of N ational N atural Science Foundation of Ch ina (N o. 30230080) ; CW CA and M emph is Zoo, U SA p ro ject; WW F2 CPO suppo rted p ro ject Received date: 2004203227; Accepted date: 2004207215 Biography: ZHAN G Shuang, M aster candidate, m ainly engaged in landscape eco logy and G IS app lication on eco logy. E2m ail: zhangshuang03 @m ails. tsinghua. edu. cn
9 : 1951 (4) A nalysis reveals co rrelations betw een the giant panda activity density and landscape indices at the scale of 1km 2, p roviding evidence that differen t landscape pattern s have sign ifican t effects on gian t pandas activity and hab itat u tilization. Key words: landscape pattern; R S; G IS; giant pandas; habitat; the Q inling M ountains : 100020933 (2004) 0921950208 : Q 149, Q 958 : A,, [1 3 ], [4 6 ],,,, [7, ],,, [8 ] [9 ; ] [10 ] [7 ; ],,, 3 ( ), 1978 1995 2000,,,,, 1km 2,,, 1 1. 1,, ( 1) 107 42 108 16, 33 43 33 76 ;,, 720km 2, 1300m,, ;, (B ashania f arg esii) (F arg esia qinling ensis),,,, [11 ], 20 90, 3 3 1. 2 1, 3 ; F ig. 1 T he location of the study area1 T he study area contains [12 14 ], three nature reserves (Changqing, Fop ing and Guanyinshan),, 1. 2. 1 ERDA S IM A G IN E, 2000 5 19 ETM +, U TM, 8 : (Conifer Fo rest, CF ) (M ixed B roadleaf and Conifer Fo rest, M BC) (B roadleaved Fo rest, BF) (Bam boo, BAM ) (Sh rub2grass2h erb land, SGH ) (Farm land and Settlem ent, FS) (Rock and Bare land, RB ) (W ater A rea,wa )
1 952 24 2003 4,, 296, 3 969, 11212 A RCV IEW Patch A nalyst FRA GSTA T S, : (1) :,, (2) [15 : ], ( 1) ;, 3 ( 2),, 3, Index type [16 ] M ean patch fractal dim ension index M P FD = [17 ] F ragm entationindex 1 Table 1 Landscape pattern indices used in this research M athem atical fo rm ula n n i= 1 j= 1 N 2ln (0. 25P ij) ln (A ij) FN = (N F - 1) gm PS General descrip tion P ij i j, A ij i j, N ;M P FD 1 2 P ij is the perim eter of patch j in landscape class i, A ij is the area of patch j in landscape class I, N is patches num ber1 The scope of M PFD is betw een 1 21 N F,M PS N F is the num ber of patches fo r a certain landscape class, M PS is the average area of patches. [16 ] Shannons SD I = - diversity index m [ (P i) ln (P i) ] i= 1 P i i P i is the percentage of landscape class i to the to tal area of all the landscape ( in area). 1. 2. 3 [18, 19 ],,, 1 km 2 (1) 4 7 km 2 [7 ], 1 10km 2, 1km 2, 1800m 3, (2), 1km 2, 591 ;, 3 3 2, 105km 2,,, (3) 1km 2 F ig. 2 Regions selected w h ile calculating the landscape pattern, SPSS indices on the reserves scale; T he area of each region is 105km 2 ; 3 The regions contain mo st area of different altitude and hum an, activities in the reserves 2 2. 1 3,,,,,,,,
9 : 1953,,,,,,, 2. 2 ( 2),, ; ;, ; 3 3 ( ),, 8 (CF) (M BC) (BF), (BAM ) (SGH ) (FS) (RB) (WA ) 3, F ig. 3 D istribution m ap of landscape types in the southern slope of the m iddle Q inling M ountains ( including Fop ing, Changqing and, Guanyinshan N ature Reserves). The eight landscape classes are 1g3 conifer fo rest (CF ), m ixed broadleaf and conifer fo rest (M BC ), ;, broadleaf fo rest (BF ), bam boo fo rest (BAM ), shrub2grass2herb ; land (SGH ), farm land and settlem ent (FS), rock and barren land, (RB), w ater area (WA ),,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,, 2 3 ( ) Table 2 Landscape patches analysis about the three reserves (Fop ing, Changqing and Guanyinshan) in the southern slope of the m iddle Qin ling M oun ta in s (km 2 ) g A rea of landscape types (km 2 ) gn um ber of landscape patches L andscape type Fop ing Changqing Guanyinshan Fop ing (km 2 ) A verage area of landscape patches (km 2 ) Changqing Guanyinshan BF 47. 36g3558 65. 08g4579 47154g2481 010133 010142 010192 M BC 210136g2068 185175g3485 81100g1872 011017 010533 010433 CF 18126g1410 11189g1368 1170g365 010130 010089 010047 BAM 4114g837 7142g806 0143g91 010049 010092 010047 SGH 8187g2409 27197g4982 9170g2054 010037 010056 010047 FS 0130g150 0109g70 0108g83 010020 010013 010010 WA 0127g194 0117g157 0122g137 010014 010011 010016 RB 2186g482 2148g804 3100g414 010034 010031 010072 To tal 292142g11108 300185g16251 143167g7497 010263 010185 010192 2. 3,, 3, [16, ],
1 954 24 [20, ], ;,, ;,, ( ) [7 ] [17,, ] 3,,,,,,,, ( 3) [21, ],,, ;,,,, 3 3 ( ) [16, ],, 3 Table 3 Landscape indices of the three nature reserves ( Fop ing, Changqing and Guanyinshan ) in the southern slope of the m iddle, Qin ling M oun ta in s, Landscape indices are M PFD, FN and SD I, ;,, ; Reserve M P FD FN SD I Fop ing 11438472 01165093 11491367, Changqing 11431000 01218743 11441111 Guanyinshan 11427142 01321874 11317902,,,, ;,,, 2. 4 (1 km 2 ) ( 4),, 4 6 gkm 2 1 2 gkm 2,,, ;,, 5, : (1) ( 5a),, ; (2) ( 5b), ; (3) ( 5c),,,,,, 4 3 ( ) (1km 2 ),,, F ig. 4 D istribution pattern of panda activity density in the th ree, reserves (Changqing, Fop ing and Guanyinshan ) in the southern,, slope of the m iddle Q inling M ountains (cells size: 1 km 2 ) 5a,,
9 : 1955,,,, 2000,,,,, ( 1. 40 1. 44 ), ( 014 112, 114 118 ); ( 1144 1155 ), ( 0125), ( 019 114 ), ( 4),, 99%,, 95%, ;,,, 99% ;,,,, ;,,,, ;, 5 3 ( ),, (1km 2 ),, F ig. 5 D istribute pattern of landscape indices in th ree nature ; reserves ( Fop ing, Changqing and Guanyinshan ) in the southern slope of the m iddle Q inling M ountains (cells size: 1 km 2 ) 3 a1 M P FD ; b. FN ; c. SD I [6, 22, 23 ] 3,, ;, ; 1km 2,,,,, ;, ( ),,,,,,,,
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