NEW CIRCUITS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE GENERATORS WITH INDUCTIVE-CAPACITIVE ENERGY STORAGE V.S. Gordeev, G.A. Myskov Russin Federl Nuler Center All-Russi Sientifi Reserh Institute of Experimentl Physis (RFNC-VNIIEF) 6788, Srov, Nizhni Novgorod region, Mir Prospekt 37, Russi E-mil: gordeev@expd.vniief.ru The pper desries new eletri iruits of multi-sde genertors sed on stepped lines. The distintion of the presented iruits onsists in initil storge of energy in eletri nd mgneti fields simultneously. The iruit of eh genertor, reltions of impednes, vlues of initil urrent nd hrge voltges re seleted in suh mnner tht the whole of initilly stored energy is onentrted t the genertor output s result of trnsient wve proesses. In idel se the energy is trnsferred with % effiieny to the resistive lod where retngulr voltge pulse is formed, whose durtion is equls to the doule eletril length of the individul sde. At the sme time there is relized severl time inrese of output voltge s ompred to the hrge voltge of the genertor. The use of the iruits proposed mkes it possile to ensure severl time inrese (s ompred to the seletion of the numer of sdes) of the genertor energy storge, pulse urrent nd output eletri power. PACS numers: 84.3.Ng; 84.7.+p INTRODUCTION Development of high-urrent liner indution elertors t VNIIEF promotes serh for new iruits for systems of high-voltge pulse formtion. As result there were developed multi-sde genertors on stepped lines possessing % effiieny in idel se [, ]. As well s ll genertors sed on trnsmission lines they n e sudivided in two types - genertors with pitive nd indutive energy storge depending on the ft whether n initil eletromgnet energy is stored only in the eletri field or the mgneti one. Below presented re iruits of new type [-9]. Due to the ft tht the energy in them is stored simultneously in oth the eletri nd mgneti fields, suh devies re lled genertors with indutive-pitive energy storge or indutive-pitive genertors. They re mde of homogeneous line setions (sdes) of the sme eletril length T s stepped line. A stepped line sed with urrent interrupter pled t the output form n indutive storge. A mthed lod is onneted to genertor output in prllel with the urrent interrupter. In the internl spe of stepped line there is pled high-voltge eletrode forming together with stepped line se pitive storge in the form of homogeneous line setions (n ) of the sme eletril length T. Genertors operte in the following wy. In the losed iruit formed y the stepped line se nd urrent interrupter under the tion of the externl soure there ppers the urrent I nd the mgneti energy is stored in the whole volume of stepped lines. Simultneously high-voltge eletrode is hrged up to U voltge from nother externl soure, nd the eletri energy is stored in severl sdes. At the moment when the energy storge proess is finished swith S is turned on losing gp etween high-voltge eletrode nd the stepped line se. As result, eletromgnet wves pper in the stepped line. A genertor iruit, reltions of sde impednes s well s I nd U vlues re seleted in suh wy tht s result of trnsient wve proesses the whole energy is onentrted t the genertor output. At the moment when the first wve rrives to it there ours urrent interrupter S disonnetion, nd energy is supplied to the lod where squred pulse is formed with T durtion. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OF GENERATORS Fig. shows three iruits of genertors with indutive-pitive energy storge [-6] tht differ in onfigurtion of pitive storge. Cpitive storges in the first nd seond iruits onsist of two sdes, nd in the third iruit the numer of hrged sdes grows up to 4. Note tht only those iruits hve een found tht rise the voltge. Fig.. Ciruits of genertors with indutive-pitive energy storge. In order to get % effiieny in idel se, impednes s well s U nd I should e seleted ording to the formuls given elow. For the first vrint (Fig. ): λ ( λ + ) [( λ + i )( λ + i)], i,,...,( n ), ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ.. 5. Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 36-38. 36
n n ( + ) ( λ + n ) U λ + n [ λ ( λ + λ ( λ + ) [( λ + n )( λ + n )], λ λ, ( )( ) )] I. For the seond vrint (Fig. ): λ ( λ + ) [( λ + i )( λ + i)], i,,..., n 3, λ ( λ + ) [( λ + n 3) ( λ 5) ], n n n λ ( λ + ) [( λ + n )(λ 5)], n λ ( λ + ) ( λ + n ), I ( U )( λ 5) [ λ ( λ + )]. For the third vrint (Fig. ): λ ( λ + ) [( λ + i ) ( λ + i) ], i,,..., n 4, λ λ + [ λ + n 3 λ + n 4 ] n 3 ( ) ( ) ( ), n 3, n ( λ + ) [( λ + n 3) ], I ( U ) ( λ + n 3) [ λ ( λ )] n λ n n +, Ftor λ equls to the reltion etween eletri nd mgneti energies stored in the genertor. The voltge on the mthed lod for the first, seond nd third vrints exeeds U y (λ+n-)λ, (λ+n-5)λ nd (λ+n-3)λ times, respetively. Addition of every supplementry sde to the genertor rises the voltge on the lod y for the first vrint nd y U λ for the seond nd third vrints. As n exmple, Fig. presents reltions etween impednes for genertors with totl eletril length of stepped lines equling 3T for the se when in the eletri nd mgneti fields the equl energy is stored (λ). In the first nd seond vrints the genertor onsists of four sdes, nd in the fourth vrint of five sdes. The voltge on the mthed lod exeeds U y,.5 nd 3 times, respetively. Connetion of eh supplementry sde rises the voltge for the first iruit y.5u nd for the seond nd third one - y U. For the iruits presented in Fig. 3 the reltions of prmeters hve een otined, provided they re dhered to, they possess % effiieny in the idel se. For the first vrint (Fig. 3): λ λ + [ λ + i λ + i ], i,,..., n ( ) ( ) ( ), n λ ( λ + ) ( λ 3), λ ( λ + ) ( λ 3), I ( U )( n + λ 3) [ λ ( λ )]. + For the seond vrint (Fig. 3): λ ( λ + ) [( λ + i) ( λ + i) ], i,,..., n 3, n λ λ + [ 3n 7 n + λ 3, ( ) ( ) ( )] n λ ( λ + ) [( 3n 7) ( n + λ )], n λ ( λ + ) ( n + λ ), ( ) ( ) λ λ + 3n 7, I ( )( 3n 7) [ λ ( λ )] U +. For the third vrint (Fig. 3): λ λ + [ λ + i λ + i ], i,,..., n ( ) ( ) ( ) 4, n λ ( λ + ) [3( n + λ 3)( n + λ 4)], n 3 n, n λ ( λ + ) [3 ( n + λ 3)], n n λ ( λ + ) [9 ( n + λ 3) ], I ( U ) 3 ( + λ 3) [ λ ( λ + )] n., Fig.. Ciruits of genertors (see Fig.) for the se when the totl eletril length of stepped lines is 3T nd λ. In Fig. 3 presented re iruits similr to those shown in Fig. ut with onnetion of swith S to the high-voltge eletrode of pitive storge through dditionlly hrged (up to the voltge U ) trnsmission line with impedne [7-9]. In suh devies, for exmple, those with supplementry line in the form of highvoltge le lines onneted in prllel, swithes of multi-hnnel ommuttor S will e removed from the stepped line volume tht will filitte their mintenne nd sustitution. 37 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ.. 5. Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 37-38. Fig. 3. Ciruits similr to those presented in Fig. ut with onnetion of swith S to high-voltge eletrode of the pitive storge through supplement trnsmission line. The output voltge for the first, seond nd third vrints exeeds U y (n+λ 3)λ, ( 3λ + 3n 7) λ nd 3(n+ λ 3)λ times, respetively. Addition of every supplementry sde to the genertor rises the voltge y U λ for the first vrint nd y 3U λ for the seond nd third vrints. As n exmple, Fig. 4 shows optiml reltions of impednes for genertors with totl eletril length of stepped lines of 3T, for the se λ. The voltge on the mthed lod exeeds U y 3.5, nd 4.5 times, respetively. Connetion of eh supplementry sde rises the voltge for the first iruit y U nd for the seond nd third iruits - y.5u. In order to rise the voltge on the lod, in ll iruits under onsidertion it is neessry to inrese the
numer of sdes ndor diminish the prmeter λ. Addition of supplementry sdes is ompnied y the growth of reltion etween mximl nd miniml impednes of stepped line tht for oxil lines does not exeed, s rule, provided one type dieletri is used in the whole genertor. mode re U3U, IU, P3U. In the seond iruit, in the ourse of hrging the forming line, the eletri energy 6U T 5s stored. The output voltge, urrent nd eletril power re U3U, IU 5, P3U 5n the mthed mode. Fig. 4. Ciruits of genertors (see Fig. 3) for prtiulr se tht the totl eletril length of stepped lines is 3T nd λ. In order to disonnet the urrent interrupter, one n use the irumstne tht t the moment when the first wve rrives to the urrent interrupter the urrent grows for ll iruits disussed y (λ+) times. This n simplify reliztion of synhronous opertion of severl genertors s prt of the multi-module fility. To relily disonnet the urrent interrupter, it is expedient to inrese the prmeter λ, i.e., to grow the eletri energy frtion in the totl energy storge. The nlysis shows tht the iruits proposed should possess high effiieny t vrying oth sde impednes nd the prmeter λ in rther wide rnge. 3 COMPARISON OF CIRCUITS WITH IN- DUCTIVE-CAPACITIVE AND CAPACI- TIVE ENERGY STORAGE To determine the field of possile pplition of the iruits proposed, let us ompre hrteristis of iruits with indutive-pitive energy storge nd those with pitive energy storge. As the first one let us selet iruit of five-sde indutive-pitive genertor (Fig. 5) presented in Fig., nd s the seond one - iruit of similr five-sde pitive genertor (Fig. 5) []. The lst iruit ws used when developing elertors STRAUS nd STRAUS- []. In the idel se oth iruits possess % effiieny nd form squred pulse of voltge of T durtion. To perform omprison, let us ommit the vlues U,, T. In the first iruit the eletri energy is stored 3U T s well s mgneti energy tht is equl to it. Tht is, the totl energy storge is 3U T. The output voltge, urrent nd eletril power in the mthed Fig. 5. Ciruits of genertors with indutive-pitive () nd pitive () energy storge. Thus, the indutive-pitive genertor provides the sme voltge rise in the mximl effiieny mode s the pitive genertor. However, in the first se the energy storge, urrent nd output power inrese y.5 times. From the omprison performed one n mke onlusion tht genertors with indutive-pitive energy storge possess signifint dvntges. Along with rther high ftor of voltge inrese they provide inrese of energy storge, urrent nd power y severl times. An dditionl dvntge of suh devies (s ompred to the pitive genertor disussed ove (Fig. 5) whose operting pulse is seond voltge one), is the sene of the pre-pulse voltge on the lod. The lst irumstne n e determintive for powerful genertors with low-impedne lods. REFERENCES. V.S.Bosmykin, V.S.Gordeev, A.I.Pvlovskii New shemes for high-voltge pulsed genertors sed on stepped trnsmission lines Pro. of IX Intern. Conf. on High-Power Prtile Bems BEAMS 9. Wshington, DC, My 5-9, 99 v., p. 5-56.. V.S.Gordeev. Shemes of high-voltge pulse shpers on the sis of stepped trnsmission lines for high-urrent elertors Prolems of Atomi Siene nd Tehnology. Issue: Nuler-Physis Reserh (35). 999, No. 4, p. 68-7. 3. V.S.Gordeev, V.S.Bosmykin. Shemes of high-power pulsed genertors with indutive storges on stepped lines Pro. of XI Intern. Conf. on High- Power Prtile Bems BEAMS 96. Prgue, 996. v., p. 938-94. 4. V.S.Gordeev, V.S.Bosmykin. Genertor of highvoltge pulses. RF Ptent N6. BI. 998. 3. 5. V.S.Gordeev, V.S.Bosmykin. Genertor of highvoltge pulses. RF Ptent N7. BI. 998. 3. 6. V.S.Gordeev, V.S.Bosmykin. Genertor of highvoltge pulses. RF Ptent N8. BI. 998. 3. 7. V.S.Gordeev, G.A.Myskov. Genertor of high-voltge pulses. RF Ptent N6858. BI... 8. V.S.Gordeev, G.A.Myskov. Genertor of high-voltge pulses. RF Ptent N6859. BI... 9. V.S.Gordeev, G.A.Myskov. Genertor of high-voltge pulses. RF Ptent N6454. BI.. 7.. V.S.Gordeev, G.A.Myskov, V.O.Fillipov. et l. Inves- 38
tigtion of STRAUS- pulse eletron elertor hrteristis Prolems of Atomi Siene nd Tehnology. Issue: Nuler-Physis Reserh (35). 999. No. 4, p. 7-73. 39 ВОПРОСЫ АТОМНОЙ НАУКИ И ТЕХНИКИ.. 5. Серия: Ядерно-физические исследования (39), с. 39-38.
4