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Study Guide Chapter 4-10152015 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. During the process of diffusion, a. cell surrounds and absorbs large particles. b. particles move from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration. c. a cell surrounds and gets rid of large particles. d. particles move from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. 2. Osmosis is important to cells because a. cells are filled with fluids that are made mostly of water. b. cells need to get rid of large particles they don t need. c. cells need to move from place to place. d. cells are usually dry. 3. Cellular respiration is the process by which a. plant cells create glucose. b. cells grow and reproduce. c. cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. d. cells breakdown food without using oxygen. 4. Fermentation in muscle cells produces a. glucose. c. water. b. lactic acid. d. bacteria. 5. Photosynthesis allows a. an animal cell to get energy from food. b. a cell to produce energy without oxygen. c. a plant to produce food (glucose). d. a plant leaf to turn green. 6. Cells need to produce new cells in order to a. create new chromosomes. c. obtain energy from sunlight. b. replace cells that have died. d. release energy from food. 7. Organelles and chromosomes are copied during a. the first stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle. b. the second stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle. c. the third stage of the eukaryotic cell cycle. d. cytokinesis. 8. During cytokinesis in plant cells, a. a cell plate forms inside the two new cells. b. the cell loses some of its DNA. c. a cell plate forms, and the cell splits in two. d. the cell wall breaks. 9. What must organisms be able to obtain in order to survive? a. energy and heat c. heat and cold b. DNA and water d. energy and raw materials

10. When particles travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, it is called a. endocytosis. c. exocytosis. b. active transport. d. diffusion. 11. Diffusion allows materials to a. move in and out of cells. c. get rid of large particles. b. grow larger. d. produce energy. 12. A cell does not need to use energy during a. active transport. c. diffusion. b. exocytosis. d. endocytosis. 13. When water diffuses into or out of a cell, it is called a. exocytosis. c. endocytosis. b. osmosis. d. flooding. 14. Osmosis is important to cells because a. cells contain fluids that are mostly water. b. cells are filled with fluids that are mostly sugar. c. cells need to be kept cool. d. cells need food. 15. Passive transport occurs when small particles move from a. outside a cell to inside a cell. b. areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. c. areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. d. inside a cell to outside a cell. 16. A cell moving particles with the use of energy is called a. active transport. c. passive transport. b. osmosis. d. endocytosis. 17. The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make glucose and oxygen is called a. osmosis. c. photosynthesis. b. fermentation. d. cellular respiration. 18. Why does a plant need to produce glucose? a. in order to turn green c. in order to move b. in order to obtain energy d. in order to get sunlight 19. Cellular respiration allows an organism to get energy from a. sunlight. c. water. b. oxygen. d. food. 20. Fermentation occurs when a cell can t get a. oxygen needed for cellular respiration. b. sunlight. c. energy. d. food needed for energy. 21. Food particles move through a cell membrane without using energy in a process called a. osmosis. c. active transport.

b. passive transport. d. endocytosis. 22. When wilted celery is soaked in water, it becomes crisp again due to a. exocytosis. c. vesicle movement. b. active transport. d. osmosis. 23. Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? a. glucose c. water b. carbon dioxide d. heat energy 24. Which of the following is NOT used to make glucose in photosynthesis? a. H 2 O c. CO 2 b. O 2 d. light energy 25. What do all organisms need in order to live? a. sunlight c. energy and raw materials b. exercise d. shelter 26. What do all organisms need to get rid of in order to live? a. wastes c. energy b. heat d. fat 27. Through what do materials go in and out of an organism s cells? a. mouths c. mitochondria b. pores d. cell membranes 28. How do particles move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration? a. by transportation c. by active transport b. by diffusion d. by travel 29. How do particles move from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration? a. by transportation c. by active transport b. by diffusion d. by osmosis 30. What helps wilted plants become firm through osmosis? a. sunlight c. energy b. water d. heat 31. Moving materials through a cell membrane by active transport requires the use of a. light. c. water. b. energy. d. endocytosis. 32. Osmosis benefits plant cells by bringing in a. energy. c. water. b. sunlight. d. soil. 33. Diffusion is a type of a. passive transport. c. photosynthesis. b. active transport. d. osmosis. 34. When a human feels hungry it is because his or her cells need a. sunlight. c. water. b. rest. d. energy. 35. Most complex organisms obtain energy through

a. photosynthesis. c. breathing. b. growth. d. cellular respiration. 36. When fermentation occurs in muscle cells, muscle fatigue is caused by the production of a. energy. c. lactic acid. b. glucose. d. yeast. 37. Where is chlorophyll located? a. in chloroplasts c. in cell membranes b. in mitochondria d. in pigments 38. What part of a cell uses cellular respiration to release energy stored in food? a. cell membrane c. mitochondria b. chlorophyll d. water 39. What gas is released during cellular respiration? a. carbon dioxide c. sunlight b. nitrogen d. oxygen 40. Binary fission, the process by which bacteria cells divide, means a. two into three. c. dividing several times. b. splitting into two parts. d. two coming together. 41. Which type of cells contain more DNA? a. prokaryotic cells c. cells with cell walls b. eukaryotic cells d. cells without cell walls 42. In a prokaryotic cell, the chromosome is the main ring of a. glucose. c. DNA. b. chromatids. d. sugar. 43. The material that controls all cell activities is called a. mitochondria. c. H 2 O. b. DNA. d. cytokinesis. Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

44. Figure A represents a. the process of osmosis. c. the process of diffusion. b. the process of endocytosis. d. the process of exocytosis. 45. Figure B represents a. the process of osmosis. c. the process of exocytosis. b. the process of diffusion. d. the process of endocytosis. 46. In Figure B, the third stage should read a. The cell absorbs water to surround the vesicle. b. The membrane begins to wrap around the particle. c. The cell prepares to dissolve the large particle. d. The cell releases the particles to the outside of the cell. Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

47. This figure best represents what important cell process? a. photosynthesis c. fermentation b. osmosis d. cellular respiration 48. The organism in which this process is taking place is a. a eukaryotic cell, because the cell has a mitochondrion. b. a eukaryotic cell, because the cell produces energy. c. a prokaryotic cell, because the cell releases water and carbon dioxide. d. a prokaryotic cell, because the cell has no cell wall. Use the figure above to answer the following questions. 49. Look at the figure. What two processes does it show? a. photosynthesis and breathing c. growing and cellular respiration b. breathing and growing d. photosynthesis and cellular respiration 50. Look at the figure. What are released during cellular respiration?

a. carbon dioxide, oxygen, and energy c. carbon dioxide, sweat, and energy b. carbon dioxide, glucose, and energy d. carbon dioxide, water, and energy Completion Complete each statement. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. diffusion photosynthesis homologous chromosomes osmosis binary fission cellular respiration exocytosis endocytosis active transport 51. Particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration during. 52. Plants produce their own food by the process of. 53. Food molecules that are too large to pass easily through the cell membrane can enter the cell by. 54. Human body cells have 23 pairs of. 55. The process of cell division in a bacterial cell is called. 56. The diffusion of water through a membrane is called. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. mitosis and cytokinesis chromatids homologous chromosomes 57. Pairs of chromosomes are called. 58. Cells divide into two new cells by the process of. 59. When chromosomes are copied, the two copies are called. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. exocytosis fermentation endocytosis cellular respiration 60. In the process of, cells bring in large particles. 61. In the process of, cells remove large particles. 62. When oxygen breaks down food to release energy, it is called. 63. Breaking down food for energy without using oxygen is.

Short Answer 64. What part of the cell do materials pass through to get into and out of the cell? 65. What is osmosis? 66. What is cell division? 67. How do prokaryotic cells make more cells? 68. How do eukaryotic cells make more cells? 69. Explain why fermentation takes place within human muscle cells. 70. Explain how oxygen is obtained by most complex organisms and then used during cellular respiration. 71. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related. 72. What is a vesicle? 73. What would happen to a cell if it could not get rid of wastes? 74. Describe how the process of photosynthesis provides energy for plant cells. 75. What does copying chromosomes prior to cell division ensure? 76. What is mitosis? Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. diffusion e. passive transport b. osmosis f. vesicle c. active transport g. endocytosis d. exocytosis 77. the movement of water through a membrane 78. the movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cell energy 79. the process by which a cell membrane surrounds and encloses a large particle to bring it into the cell 80. the sac formed around a large particle to allow a cell to take in or remove the particle 81. the movement of substances through a cell membrane with the use of cell energy 82. the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density 83. the process by which a cell gets rid of large particles

Match each item with the correct statement below. a. ATP d. fermentation b. cellular respiration e. mitochondria c. photosynthesis 84. the process a plant uses in order to create glucose 85. the place where cellular respiration in eukaryotes takes place 86. the process cells use to produce energy without oxygen 87. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 = 6CO 2 + 6H 2 + Energy 88. the substance that supplies energy to fuel cell activities Match each item with the correct statement below. a. cytokinesis d. mitosis b. chromosome e. homologous chromosomes c. cell cycle 89. the process of cell division that forms two nuclei 90. the life stages of a cell 91. pairs of similar chromosomes 92. the structure in which DNA, the hereditary material that controls cell activities, can be found 93. the division of cytoplasm Match each item with the correct statement below. a. cell membrane c. water b. osmosis d. cell plates 94. Fluids in an organism s cells are made mostly of this. 95. In plant cells, this separates two new cells during cytokinesis. 96. During this, water molecules move from higher to lower concentration across a membrane. 97. Water moves through this in osmosis. Match each item with the correct statement below. a. fermentation c. glucose b. cellular respiration d. photosynthesis 98. how plants make food with sunlight, CO2, and water 99. the food that plants make for themselves 100. the breakdown of food using oxygen 101. the breakdown of food without oxygen Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

a. cytokinesis d. Mitosis Phase 3 b. mitosis e. the cell cycle c. interphase f. Mitosis Phase 2 102. the name of this process 103. stage at which chromosomes are copied 104. the four stages of cell division 105. stage at which paired chromosomes align at the cell s equator 106. the division of cytoplasm 107. stage at which the chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cells Essay 108. Explain why many green plants could survive in a world without mammals, but mammals could not survive in a world without green plants. 109. Describe how endocytosis and exocytosis are reverse processes. 110. If a single-celled organism and a multicellular organism both contracted a disease that damaged cell membranes, explain why the multicellular organism could have a better chance at survival. 111. Describe what would happen to a green plant if it were placed in a dark place for many days. 112. What might happen if prior to cell division, a cell did not completely replicate, or copy, its DNA?

Study Guide Chapter 4-10152015 Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 2. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 8. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 9. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 10. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 11. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 12. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 13. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 14. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 15. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 19. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 20. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1

22. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 23. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 24. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 25. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 26. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 28. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 29. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 30. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 33. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 34. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 35. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 36. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 37. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 38. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 40. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 41. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 44. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1

OBJ: 4 47. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 48. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 49. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 50. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 COMPLETION 51. ANS: diffusion PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 52. ANS: photosynthesis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 53. ANS: endocytosis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 54. ANS: homologous chromosomes PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 55. ANS: binary fission PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 56. ANS: osmosis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 57. ANS: homologous chromosomes PTS: 1 REF: 3 58. ANS: mitosis and cytokinesis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 59. ANS: chromatids PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 60. ANS: endocytosis

PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 61. ANS: exocytosis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 62. ANS: cellular respiration PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 63. ANS: fermentation PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 SHORT ANSWER 64. ANS: the cell membrane PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 65. ANS: the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 66. ANS: It is the process by which cells reproduce themselves. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 67. ANS: binary fission PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 68. ANS: mitosis and cytokinesis PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 69. ANS: Fermentation takes place in the muscle cells when they need ATP but are not receiving enough oxygen to make ATP by cellular respiration. Fermentation produces ATP in muscle cells without the presence of oxygen. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 70. ANS:

Oxygen is obtained by most complex organisms through breathing. The oxygen is then combined with glucose within cells during cellular respiration in order to produce the energy the organism needs to grow, repair damaged cells, and replace dead cells. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 71. ANS: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are reverse processes. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 72. ANS: It is a sac formed from a piece of cell membrane that is often used to move large particles into or out of a cell. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 73. ANS: Sample answer: If a cell could not get rid of wastes, it would fill with dangerous substances that could damage or kill the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 74. ANS: Plants take in water and carbon dioxide. These two substances are converted through light energy into a sugar called glucose. The plant releases oxygen and uses the glucose as food to give its cells energy. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 2 75. ANS: that each new cell will be an exact copy of its parent cell PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 76. ANS: Mitosis is a process in eukaryotic cells in which the cell divides and produces two new cells, each with a single nucleus and the same number of chromosomes. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 MATCHING 77. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 78. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 79. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1

OBJ: 4 80. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 81. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 82. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 83. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 84. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 85. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 86. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 87. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 88. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 89. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 90. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 91. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 92. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 93. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 94. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 95. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 96. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 97. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 98. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 99. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 100. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 101. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2

102. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 103. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 104. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 105. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 106. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 107. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 ESSAY 108. ANS: Green plants are able to make their own food (glucose) and then use cellular respiration to obtain energy from that food. They take in carbon dioxide and water to make the glucose and the waste product, oxygen. In order to use the food for energy, green plants use oxygen. Mammals, on the other hand, cannot make their own food. They rely on other animals, who eat plants, or on the plants themselves for food. Also, in order to breathe, animals need the oxygen that green plants recycle. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 2 109. ANS: In endocytosis, a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell. In exocytosis, a particle is transported from the cell through a vesicle, which fuses with the cell membrane to release the particle outside the cell. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 4 110. ANS: If the single-celled organism had its cell membrane damaged by disease, then it might not be able to diffuse materials it needed to survive and get rid of wastes. However, if a multicellular organism contracted the same disease, it has many cells that work to keep the organism alive, and having many working cells could give the organism s body time to fight off the disease. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 1 111. ANS: If a green plant were removed from all light, it would not be able to produce sugar, or glucose, to use for energy to grow, repair, and reproduce. It might be able to use stored energy for a while, but then its growth would slow down and stop. Also, because the chlorophyll was no longer exposed to light, it would lose its green color, and the plant would become whitish in appearance. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 2 112. ANS:

If a cell did not completely replicate its DNA prior to cell division, then one or both new cells would not have the proper number of chromosomes. This could lead to cell death or malfunction of cell processes. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3

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