Chemistry: Final Exam Review. June, 2017 Mrs. Barbarito, Mrs. Corcoran, Ms. Guglielmo

Chemistry: Final Exam Review June, 2017 Mrs. Barbarito, Mrs. Corcoran, Ms. Guglielmo 1

CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM FORMAT TIME: 1.5 HOURS 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE 2. BRIEF ANSWERS AND PROBLEMS 3. CONTENT READING WITH DBQ S BRING: TWO NUMBER 2 PENCILS AND A CALCULATOR 2

TOPICS - page 1 1. Lab Safety a. PPE b. SDS/MSDS 2. Periodic Table and the Structure of Matter a. Periods vs. Families b. Tiles/Squares in the Table i. Mass, Mass number, number of neutrons ii. Atomic Number, number of protons, number of electrons c. Metal / Nonmetals / Metalloids and Their PROPERTIES d. Names of Families e. Number of Valence Electrons f. Charges on Cations or Anions Formed g. Periodic Trends h. Models of the Atom i. Electron Configuration j. Emission Spectra 3

TOPICS - page 2 3. Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature (names) a. Subscripts b. Ionic i. Binary ii. Ternary c. Molecular 4

TOPICS - page 3 4. Chemical Reactions: A. Evidence of Chemical Change B. Types: i. Synthesis ii. Decomposition iii. Single Replacement and the Activity Series iv. Double Replacement v. Combustion vi. Chemical Equations 1. Components and Symbols (ex., products, (s), ) 2. Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass 3. The Mole and Stoichiometry: Balancing and coefficients 5. Dinq quizzes - 4 typical questions 5

LAB SAFETY 3 types of personal protection equipment Reason for use 6

LAB SAFETY 3 types of personal protection equipment Reason for use GOGGLES LIQUIDS MAY SPLASH INTO EYES GLASS CAN SHATTER SPLINTER INTO EYES APRONS LIQUIDS MAY SPLASH ONTO CLOTHING GLOVES TO PREVENT CONTACT OF CHEMICALS WITH THE HANDS 7

LAB SAFETY A source of safety and toxicity information about chemicals is a. a material safety data sheet (MSDS) b. an advertisement c. your friend d. none of the above 8

LAB SAFETY A source of safety and toxicity information about chemicals is a. a material safety data sheet (MSDS) b. an advertisement c. your friend d. none of the above 9

LAB SAFETY If you do not understand a direction or part of a lab procedure, you should a. figure it out as you do the lab. b. try several methods until something works. c. ask the instructor before proceeding. d. skip it and go on to the next part. 10

LAB SAFETY List 5 things in this picture that are unsafe. 12

LAB SAFETY List 5 things in this picture that are unsafe. 1. NO GOGGLES OR APRONS 2. STUDENTS SITTING AND NOT STANDING 3. TOO MANY EXTRANEOUS ITEMS 4. OPENING OF THE TEST TUBE IS POINTING TOWARD THE FEMALE STUDENT 5. TIE BACK LONG HAIR 6. DISTRACTED/NOT PAYING ATTENTION 7. GLASSWARE TOO CLOSE TO THE EDGE 8. ROLL UP LONG SLEEVES 9. OPEN BOTTLE OF CHEMICALS 13

Periodic Table What are the three major classifications of the elements? 14

Periodic Table What are the three major classifications of the elements? 1. METALS 2. NON METALS 3. SEMI METALS 15

Periodic Table What does the number 19 represent? 16

Periodic Table What does the number 19 represent? ATOMIC NUMBER 17

Periodic Table How many periods are on the periodic table? 18

Periodic Table How many periods are on the periodic table? 7 19

Periodic Table How many groups are on the periodic table? 20

Periodic Table How many groups are on the periodic table? 18 21

Periodic Table What does the number 39.0983 represent? 22

Periodic Table What does the number 39.0983 represent? Atomic Mass 23

Periodic Table What is the mass number of this element? 24

Periodic Table What is the mass number of this element? 39 25

Periodic Table What is the outermost occupied energy level of an atom of the element? 26

Periodic Table What is the outermost occupied energy level of an atom of the element? 4th ENERGY LEVEL (same as the period!) 27

Periodic Table What is the total number of electrons in an atom of this element? 28

Periodic Table What is the total number of electrons in an atom of this element? 19 29

Periodic Table How many neutrons? 30

Periodic Table How many neutrons? 39-19 = 20 31

Periodic Table What is the abbreviated electron configuration? 32

Periodic Table What is the abbreviated electron configuration? [Ar] 4s 1 33

Periodic Table What is the name of the family in which this element is found? 34

Periodic Table What is the name of the family in which this element is found? The Alkali Metals 35

Periodic Table Give the charges for ions formed by elements in the following groups: 1 = 15 = 2 = 16 = 3= 17 = 36

Periodic Table Give the charges for ions formed by elements in the following groups: 1 = +1 15 = -3 2 = +2 16 = -2 3= +3 17 = -1 37

Periodic Table How many valence electrons does chlorine have? 38

Periodic Table How many valence electrons does chlorine have? 7 39

Periodic Table A positive lithium ion is formed when a neutral lithium atom: 40

Periodic Table A positive lithium ion is formed when a neutral lithium atom: Loses 1 electron 41

Periodic Table When a calcium atom becomes an ion, it: 42

Periodic Table When a calcium atom becomes an ion, it: Loses 2 electrons 43

Periodic Table - State the family names for the following groups: 1 = 2 = 17 = 18 = 44

Periodic Table - State the family names for the following groups: 1 =Alkali metals 2 =Alkaline Earth metals 17 = Halogens 18 =Noble gases 45

Periodic Table In the same group of elements, the ionization energy tends to decrease with increasing atomic number. This is due partially to the 46

Periodic Table In the same group of elements, the ionization energy tends to decrease with increasing atomic number. This is due partially to the increasing distance between the nucleus and outer shell. 47

Periodic Table - properties of elements in the same families Complete the table Elements in the same family mass density Melting point Boiling point X 10 3.0 600 Y 4.0 200 800 Z 20 300 48

Periodic Table - properties of elements in the same families Complete the table Elements in the same family mass density Melting point Boiling point X 10 3.0 100 600 Y 15 4.0 200 800 Z 20 5.0 300 1000 49

Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration Location of electrons in s, p, d, f orbitals. Shape and number of s and p orbitals. Number of electrons each orbital each sublevel and each level can hold. Location of s, p, d, f blocks on periodic table. 50

Electron configuration What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in an s sublevel? 51

Electron configuration What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in an s sublevel? 2 52

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION What is the electron configuration for chlorine? 53

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION What is the electron configuration for chlorine? [Ne] 3s 2 3p 5 or 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 5 54

Electron configuration What is the maximum # of electrons that can be held in a p sublevel? 55

Electron configuration What is the maximum # of electrons that can be held in a p sublevel? 6 56

Electron configuration What is the total number of sublevels for n=3? 57

Electron configuration What is the total number of sublevels for n=3? n = 3 58

Electron configuration How many valence electrons are present in an atom of with the electron configuration [Ne]3s 2 3p 3? 59

Electron configuration How many valence electrons are present in an atom of with the electron configuration [Ne]3s 2 3p 3? 5 60

Electron configuration When a sample of an element is vaporized in a flame, it releases energy in the form of 61

Electron configuration When a sample of an element is vaporized in a flame, it releases energy in the form of light 62

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION - FOR EACH CONFIGURATION SHOWN BELOW, STATE WHICH RULE FOR FILLING ORBITALS IS BROKEN 63

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION - FOR EACH CONFIGURATION SHOWN BELOW, STATE WHICH RULE FOR FILLING ORBITALS IS BROKEN a. Aufbau b. Pauli Exclusion c. Hund s Rule d. None incorrect 64

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the orbital diagram for the 3p sublevel of the element, sulfur (S, atomic number 16). 65

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the orbital diagram for the 3p sublevel of the element, sulfur (S, atomic number 16). 66

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Which orbital will receive the next electron after the 3p sublevel is filled? 67

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Which orbital will receive the next electron after the 3p sublevel is filled? 4s 68

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the electron configuration for phosphorus (P, atomic number 15). 69

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the electron configuration for phosphorus (P, atomic number 15). [Ne]3s 2 3p 3 70

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the electron configuration for SCANDIUM (P, atomic number 21). 71

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Determine the electron configuration for SCANDIUM (P, atomic number 21). [Ar]4s 2 3d 1 72

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element s. 73

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element s. Valence electrons (number and location) 74

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The number of the row of elements is the same as the number of 75

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The number of the row of elements is the same as the number of Energy levels that contain electrons 76

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION An element with the electron configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 would belong in which group? 77

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION An element with the electron configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 would belong in which group? Group 2 / IIA 78

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Which of the following particles does not have the same electron configuration as the others a. K + b. Al 3+ c. Ar d. Cl 1-79

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Which of the following particles does not have the same electron configuration as the others a. K + b. Al 3+ c. Ar d. Cl 1-80

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between calcium and hydroxide ions. 81

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between calcium and hydroxide ions. Ca(OH) 2 82

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between Sodium and oxide ions. 83

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between Sodium and oxide ions. Na 2 O 84

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between nitrogen and sulfide ions. 85

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between nitrogen and sulfide ions. N 2 S 3 86

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between barium and sulfate ions. 87

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between barium and sulfate ions. BaSO 4 88

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between lithium and nitrate ions. 89

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between lithium and nitrate ions. LiNO 3 90

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between calcium and phosphate ions. 91

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound formed between calcium and phosphate ions. Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 92

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Monatomic anions are named with the suffix 93

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Monatomic anions are named with the suffix ide 94

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS What is the name of NH 4 Cl? 95

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS What is the name of NH 4 Cl? Ammonium chloride 96

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS What is the name of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 97

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS What is the name of Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Iron (III) nitrate 98

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound carbon dioxide. 99

FORMULAS AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Determine the formula of the compound carbon dioxide. CO 2 100

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Understanding stoichiometric relationships enables you to 101

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Understanding stoichiometric relationships enables you to Predict the quantity of the products of reactions Anticipate the quantity of reactants needed for a known amount of product 102

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products compared to the total mass of the reactants is 103

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products compared to the total mass of the reactants is EQUAL 104

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY The law that governs the writing of balanced chemical equations is 105

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY The law that governs the writing of balanced chemical equations is THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER 106

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which of the following is true of a chemical reaction? A. Only physical changes occur. B. New substances must form. C. Only changes of state occur. D. Chemical properties remain the same. 107

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY A substance that enters into a chemical reaction is called a 109

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY A substance that enters into a chemical reaction is called a REACTANT 110

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY A new substance that is created from a chemical reaction is called a 111

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY A new substance that is created from a chemical reaction is called a PRODUCT 112

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the words reacts with is a(n) 113

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the words reacts with is a(n) + 114

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the word yields is 115

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the word yields is 116

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY When oxygen is available, sulfur dioxide is produced from the burning of sulfur. Which of the following word equations best represents this reaction? a. sulfur + oxygen sulfur dioxide b. sulfur dioxide + oxygen sulfur c. sulfur dioxide sulfur + oxygen d. sulfur sulfur dioxide + oxygen 117

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the number of molecules of a given substance is indicated by 119

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a chemical equation, the number of molecules of a given substance is indicated by THE COEFFICIENT 120

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the formula Al(NO 3 ) 3, the total number of oxygen atoms is 121

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the formula Al(NO 3 ) 3, the total number of oxygen atoms is 3 x 3 = 9 122

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the expression 3 NaNO 3, the total number of oxygen atoms is 123

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the expression 3 NaNO 3, the total number of oxygen atoms is 3 X 3 = 9 124

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the formula Ca(NO 3 ) 2, the number 2 is known as a 125

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the formula Ca(NO 3 ) 2, the number 2 is known as a SUBSCRIPT 126

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the expression 5 Ca (OH) 2, the number 5 is known as a 127

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In the expression 5 Ca (OH) 2, the number 5 is known as a COEFFICIENT 128

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which of the following equations are balanced? a. NaCl Na + Cl 2 b. 2S + Cl 2 2SCl 2 c. K + AgCl Ag + KCl d. Ca(OH) 2 + HCl 2H 2 O + CaCl 2 129

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which of the following equations are balanced? a. NaCl Na + Cl 2 b. 2S + Cl 2 2SCl 2 c. K + AgCl Ag + KCl d. Ca(OH) 2 + HCl 2H 2 O + CaCl 2 130

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY What number should be written in front of Na to balance the equation: Na + MgCl 2 NaCl + Mg 131

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY What number should be written in front of Na to balance the equation: 2 2Na + MgCl 2 2NaCl + Mg 132

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY What number should be written in front of Mg to balance the equation: Mg + O 2 MgO 133

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY What number should be written in front of Mg to balance the equation: 2 2Mg + O 2 2MgO 134

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: CH 4 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 135

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + 2H 2 O 136

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: AL + O 2 Al 2 O 3 137

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: 4Al + 3O 2 2Al 2 O 3 138

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: AgNO 3 + Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + Ag 139

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: 2AgNO 3 + Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2Ag 140

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: C 6 H 12 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O 141

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: C 6 H 12 + 9O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 142

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: Na 3 PO 4 + KOH NaOH + K 3 PO 4 143

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: Na 3 PO 4 + 3KOH 3NaOH + K 3 PO 4 144

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: P 4 + O 2 P 2 O 3 145

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Balance the equation: P 4 + 3O 2 2P 2 O 3 146

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which of the following symbols means a substance is in water solution? a. (aq) b. (s) c. (w) d. (l) 147

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY WHAT ARE THE 5 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS? 148

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY WHAT ARE THE 5 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS? SYNTHESIS, DECOMPOSITION, SINGLE REPLACEMENT, DOUBLE REPLACEMENT, COMBUSTION 149

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, C 6 H 12 + 9 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O. 150

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, C 6 H 12 + 9 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O. COMBUSTION 151

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction: CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 152

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction: CaCO 3 CaO + CO 2 DECOMPOSITION 153

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction: Na 3 PO 4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + K 3 PO 4 154

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction: Na 3 PO 4 + 3 KOH 3 NaOH + K 3 PO 4 DOUBLE REPLACEMENT 155

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, P 4 + 3 O 2 2 P 2 O 3. 156

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, P 4 + 3 O 2 2 P 2 O 3. SYNTHESIS 157

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, 2 AgNO 3 + Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag. 158

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the reaction, 2 AgNO 3 + Cu Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag. SINGLE REPLACMENT 159

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the following reactions 160

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Classify the following reactions A. DECOMPOSITION B. DOUBLE REPLACEMENT C. SYNTHESIS D. SINGLE REPLACEMENT 161

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which reaction in Figure 9.3 might represent a chemical change in which a free metal takes the place of a metal in a compound like in single replacement reactions?d 162

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which reaction in Figure 9.3 might represent a chemical change in which a compound is broken down into two simpler compounds, as in a decomposition /analysis? 163

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which reaction in Figure 9.3 might represent a chemical change in which atoms from two different compounds replace each other, as in a double replacement reaction? 164

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Which reaction in Figure 9.3 might represent a chemical change in which an atom joins with a compound to produce a more complex compound, as in a synthesis reaction? 165

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY In a single replacement reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid (Mg + 2HCl ) a gas is given off, collected in a test tube, and then tested with a burning splint. A pop is heard, what is the gas? 166

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Using the activity series, indicate if the following reactions will occur or not occur. Ag + ZnCl 2 167

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY Using the activity series, indicate if the following reactions will occur or not occur. Mg + ZnCl 2 168

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STOICHIOMETRY An endothermic reaction is shown with energy as follows: a. reactants + energy products b. reactants products + energy c. reactants + energy products + energy d. it depends on the amount of energy 169

DINQ QUIZZES - Students performed the Flame Test investigation and collected the data in the chart below. Ionic Compound Chemical Formula Cation Name Anion Name Observed Flame Color Potassium Chloride KCl Potassium, K + Chloride, Cl - Pink Potassium Nitrate KNO 3 Potassium, K + Nitrate, NO 3 - Pink Potassium Carbonate K 2 CO 3 Potassium, K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Pink Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Nitrate, NO 3 - Green Copper (II) Sulfate CuSO 4 Copper, Cu 2+ Sulfate, SO 4 2- Green Copper (II) Chloride CuCl 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Chloride, Cl - Green Sodium Carbonate Na 2 CO 3 Sodium, Na + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Yellow Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium, Na + Chloride, Cl - Yellow Sodium Iodide Na 2 SO 4 Sodium, Na + Sulfate, SO 4 2- Yellow The independent variable for this laboratory investigation was and dependent variables was. 170

DINQ QUIZZES - Students performed the Flame Test investigation and collected the data in the chart below. Ionic Compound Chemical Formula Cation Name Anion Name Observed Flame Color Potassium Chloride KCl Potassium, K + Chloride, Cl - Pink Potassium Nitrate KNO 3 Potassium, K + Nitrate, NO 3 - Pink Potassium Carbonate K 2 CO 3 Potassium, K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Pink Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Nitrate, NO 3 - Green Copper (II) Sulfate CuSO 4 Copper, Cu 2+ Sulfate, SO 4 2- Green Copper (II) Chloride CuCl 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Chloride, Cl - Green Sodium Carbonate Na 2 CO 3 Sodium, Na + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Yellow Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium, Na + Chloride, Cl - Yellow Sodium Iodide Na 2 SO 4 Sodium, Na + Sulfate, SO 4 2- Yellow Some variables that need to be controlled during this laboratory investigation are: 171

DINQ QUIZZES - Students performed the Flame Test investigation and collected the data in the chart below. Ionic Compound Chemical Formula Cation Name Anion Name Observed Flame Color Potassium Chloride KCl Potassium, K + Chloride, Cl - Pink Potassium Nitrate KNO 3 Potassium, K + Nitrate, NO 3 - Pink Potassium Carbonate K 2 CO 3 Potassium, K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Pink Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Nitrate, NO 3 - Green Copper (II) Sulfate CuSO 4 Copper, Cu 2+ Sulfate, SO 4 2- Green Copper (II) Chloride CuCl 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Chloride, Cl - Green Sodium Carbonate Na 2 CO 3 Sodium, Na + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Yellow Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium, Na + Chloride, Cl - Yellow Sodium Iodide Na 2 SO 4 Sodium, Na + Sulfate, SO 4 2- Yellow The best hypothesis for this laboratory investigation is 172

DINQ QUIZZES - Students performed the Flame Test investigation and collected the data in the chart below. Ionic Compound Chemical Formula Cation Name Anion Name Observed Flame Color Potassium Chloride KCl Potassium, K + Chloride, Cl - Pink Potassium Nitrate KNO 3 Potassium, K + Nitrate, NO 3 - Pink Potassium Carbonate K 2 CO 3 Potassium, K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Pink Copper (II) Nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Nitrate, NO 3 - Green Copper (II) Sulfate CuSO 4 Copper, Cu 2+ Sulfate, SO 4 2- Green Copper (II) Chloride CuCl 2 Copper, Cu 2+ Chloride, Cl - Green Sodium Carbonate Na 2 CO 3 Sodium, Na + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Yellow Sodium Chloride NaCl Sodium, Na + Chloride, Cl - Yellow Sodium Iodide Na 2 SO 4 Sodium, Na + Sulfate, SO 4 2- Yellow One lab safety issue that may come up during this laboratory investigation is 173