Work Sheet Adverse Condition Factors Module 9 Parent Answer Guide Lesson 1 Limited-visibility Conditions and Extreme Weather Topic 1 - Night Time Driving 1. List three things that are affected by night driving. 1. Depth perception 2. Color Recognition 3. Peripheral Vision 2. List three tips for driving at night. 1. Have your headlights properly aimed 2. Reduce your speed and increase your following distances 3. Prepare your car for night driving
3. List four precautions to take when driving at night. 1. Cleaning windshield inside and out 2. Turning off interior convenience lights 3. Using parking lights only when parked 4. Using day/night switch on rear-view mirror 4. List how far ahead the roadway is lit on low beam and on high beam. 1. 100 to 150 feet 2. 350 to 500 feet Topic 2 - Bad Weather Driving 5. List two things you should probably do during bad weather. 1. Avoid driving, stay at home 2. Slow Down 6. List three helpful hints when encountering strong gusts of winds. 1. Reduce speed 2. Adjust lane position 3. Prepare to counter-steer 7. List three helpful hints when driving in fog. 1. Turn wipers on 2. Crack window and turn off radio 3. Pull completely off roadway until fog clears 8. What should you do if you are in a car during a lightning storm? Stay in the vehicle, the vehicle will protect you from the lightning. Topic 3 - Low Water Crossings /Flooding 9. What should you do or not do when you encounter flooding conditions? Do not drive through standing water and never drive through rushing water. 2
10. Explain what happens to a vehicle when it is in standing flooding water. For each foot the water rises, 500 pounds of lateral force are applied to the car. For each foot the water rises up the side of the car, the car displaces 1,500 pounds of water. In effect, the car weighs 1,500 pounds less for each foot the water rises! Therefore, most cars will float in just two feet of water! 11. Define the term Flash Flood watch. A Flash Flood Watch means flash flooding is possible within the Flash Flood Watch area. When a flash flood watch is posted, persons in the watch area should take precautionary measures. Keep informed and be ready for quick action if flash flooding is observed or a warning is issued. 12. List four tips when you encounter flooding conditions. 1. Don t try to cross a flooded road 2. Be careful when driving at night 3. Be aware of roadbeds underneath water 4. Observe water level indicators Topic 4 - Hot Weather Temperatures 13. List four tips when driving in hot temperatures. 1. Have your air-conditioning system checked and serviced by a qualified technician 2. Never leave children or pets unattended in a car even for a short time 3. Keep an eye on the lights and gauges 4. Cover metal and plastic parts on child seats and safety belts to prevent burns 14. Define the term Vapor Lock. During very hot weather, the gasoline might boil and turn to a vapor. Topic 5 - Cold Weather Temperatures 15. List four things you should check on as you prepare for cold weather conditions. 1. Radiator coolant 2. Battery condition 3
3. Windshield washer fluid 4. Hoses and belts 16. Define the term Frostbite. Frostbite occurs when the skin becomes cold enough to actually freeze. A loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in extremities, such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, or the nose are symptoms of frostbite. 17. Define the term Hypothermia. Hypothermia (Low Body Temperature) can occur during longer periods of exposure when the body temperature drops below 95 degrees. A person will become disoriented, confused, and shiver uncontrollably, eventually leading to drowsiness and apparent exhaustion. In severe cases, death is possible. 18. List four things you should keep in an emergency survival kit. 1. Fire Extinguisher 2. Jumper cables 3. Solar Blanket 4. Road Flares 4
Lesson 2 -Roadway and Vehicle Technology Topic 1 - Highway Safety Design Features 19. Explain the term New Design Median Barrier. The median barrier is a tapered concrete barrier that is used in many narrow highway medians, to prevent vehicle crossovers into oncoming traffic. The basic reason for the median barriers is to redirect a vehicle that hits it. The vehicle's wheels and sheet metal on the impacting side ride upward to prevent vehicle rollover. Topic 2 - Automotive Technology Features 20. Explain how the ABS (Anti-lock Brake System) works. Anti-lock brake systems are designed to allow steering and simultaneous braking without losing vehicle balance. Anti-lock brakes do not necessarily shorten stopping distance on dry pavement, but generally shorten stopping distances on wet surfaces where traction loss can be a serious problem. Performance on all Types of Vehicles Topic 3 Vehicle Performance 21. Explain the performance of a SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle). They are four-wheel drive family vehicles, with a big enough motor to go fast. Sport utility vehicles are susceptible to rollovers when making sharp turns at high speeds. They also are heavy, and this gives the driver added protection in a collision. 5
Lesson 3 - Emergencies Topic 1 - Off -Road Recovery 22. List three things to do if you run off the shoulder and need to return to the roadway. Do not panic and steer too much Ease off the accelerator and brake gently to 5 or 10 mph. Avoid hard braking Straddle the edge of the roadway 23. Explain how to execute an emergency swerve. Look immediately for the escape path. The steering wheel should be turned decisively and sharply in the direction of the swerve. Immediately afterwards, counter-steer your vehicle to stabilize. Now, straighten the wheel, and continue driving in a straight course. 24. List three principles when making a split second decision to avoid a head-on collision. Always drive to the right to get out of the way, since the driver of the other vehicle is likely to move back into his or her lane after recovering control. Honk the horn and flash the headlights if possible. These actions might alert the driver ahead. Avoid slamming on the brakes and skidding when driving off the road. 25. Explain what to do in case of a fire in your engine. Steer off the roadway, staying away from buildings and service stations. Park the vehicle and turn of the engine. Have all passengers move at least 100 feet from the vehicle. If you think the fire is small enough to control, use the fire extinguisher to try to put it out. If the fire is out of control, leave the hood closed, move away from the vehicle and call the fire department. 6
Lesson 4 - Traction Loss/Skids Topic 1 Condition of the Road Surface 26. Explain the term Traction. Traction or adhesion is the grip between the tires and the road surface that allows a vehicle to start, stop, and/or change direction. 27. List three types of road conditions that may affect traction. 1. Ice, snow or frost 2. Hard rain or water standing on the road 3. Mud near farm entrances, construction sites, and truck crossings 7