September 2017 COFI:AQ/IX/2017/SBD.12 E COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES SUB-COMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE Ninth Session Rome, 24 27 October 2017 REGIONAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES BY FAO MEMBERS, REGIONAL FISHERIES BODIES AND AQUACULTURE NETWORKS TO THE 2017 QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES IMPLEMENTATION IN AQUACULTURE This document can be accessed using the Quick Response Code on this page; an FAO initiative to minimize its environmental impact and promote greener communications. Other documents can be consulted at www.fao.org
TABLE 1 1 FAO Members responding to the Aquaculture Questionnaire on the Code of Conduct 2017 FAO Region Country Responded Algeria Africa Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Côte d'ivoire Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Tanzania, United Republic of Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Asia Europe Bangladesh Bhutan Cambodia China India Indonesia Japan Kazakhstan 2 Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste Uzbekistan Viet Nam Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia European Union Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Malta Moldova, Republic of Monaco Montenegro
Latin America and the Caribbean Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain 3 Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent/Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
Near East Northern America South West Pacific Afghanistan Bahrain Brunei Darussalam 4 Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Jordan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Libya Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Yemen Canada United States of America Australia Cook Islands Fiji, Republic of Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Nauru New Zealand Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Sum of counts 78
TABLE 2 Comparative response rates by FAO regions (figures in %) 2017 5 FAO Region (Total number of member Number of responding States 2017 Percentage response by FAO Region 2017 countries per region) Africa (50) 11 22.0 % Asia (23) 10 43.5 % Europe (50) 27 54.0 % Latin America and the Caribbean (33) 16 48.5 % Near East (21) 7 33.3 % Northern America (2) 2 100.0 % South West Pacific (18) 5 27.8 % Total count and percentages (197) 78 39.6 %
TABLE 3 6 MAIN ELEMENTS TO SUPPORT ADOPTION OF THE CODE IN AQUACULTURE Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) PART 1. ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES Regions (number of countries) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11) 0.00 18.18 18.18 18.18 27.27 18.18 0.00 3. 09 Asia (10) 0.00 0.00 20.00 10.00 60.00 10.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27) 3.70 0.00 0.00 11.11 48.15 37.04 0.00 4.11 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 0.00 12.50 12.50 37.50 31.25 6.25 0.00 3.06 Near East (7) 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 57.14 0.00 3.71 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5) 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78) 2.56 6.41 8.97 19.23 34.62 28.21 0.00 3.62 PART 2. SUPPORT MECHANISMS THAT FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATORY MEASURES Regions (number of countries) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11) 0.00 18.18 18.18 18.18 27.27 18.18 0.00 3.09 Asia (10) 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27) 0.00 3.70 7.41 14.81 59.26 14.81 0.00 3.74 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 6.25 6.25 31.25 43.75 6.25 6.25 0.00 2.56 Near East (7) 14.29 0.00 28.57 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78) 2.56 6.41 16.67 21.79 39.74 12.82 0.00 3.28 PART 3. ENHANCING MECHANISMS THAT IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ABOVE INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES Regions (number of countries) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11) 9.09 36.36 18.18 18.18 18.18 0.00 0.00 2.00 Asia (10) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 Europe (27) 3.70 3.70 11.11 33.33 25.93 22.22 0.00 3.41 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 6.25 31.25 43.75 12.50 6.25 0.00 0.00 1.81 Near East (7) 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 57.14 0.00 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 2.60 TOTAL (78) 6.41 16.67 19.23 21.79 26.92 8.97 0.00 2.73 PART 4. THE LEVEL/DEGREE OF CAPACITY OF THE STATE TO SUPPORT THE MEASURES Regions (number of countries) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11) 9.09 18.18 9.09 27.27 27.27 9.09 0.00 2.73 Asia (10) 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 Europe (27) 0.00 3.70 3.70 29.63 33.33 29.63 0.00 3.81 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 0.00 6.25 25.00 56.25 6.25 6.25 0.00 2.81 Near East (7) 14.29 14.29 28.57 0.00 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.57 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5) 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 3.00 TOTAL (78) 2.56 7.69 14.10 32.05 26.92 16.67 0.00 3.23
TABLE 4 7 ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES (EMM) Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 1.1 AQUACULTURE POLICY Regions (number of countries) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11 0) 0.00 9.09 9.09 27.27 27.27 27.27 0.00 3.55 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 30.00 0.00 4.00 Europe (27 2) 3.70 0.00 0.00 22.22 22.22 44.44 7.41 4.08 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 6.25 12.50 6.25 31.25 25.00 18.75 0.00 3.13 Near East (7 1) 0.00 14.29 14.29 0.00 0.00 57.14 14.29 3.83 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 2) 3.85 5.13 5.13 20.51 25.64 35.90 3.85 3.59 1.2 AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Regions (number of..) 0 1 2 3 4 5 NA Africa (11 0) 0.00 36.36 0.00 0.00 36.36 27.27 0.00 3.18 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 30.00 0.00 50.00 20.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 1) 3.70 0.00 3.70 7.41 29.63 51.85 3.70 4.23 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 12.50 12.50 6.25 37.50 12.50 18.75 0.00 2.81 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 0.00 0.00 14.29 57.14 0.00 3.57 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78 1) 6.41 8.97 7.69 10.26 28.21 37.18 1.28 3.54 1.3 AQUACULTURE REGULATORY MEASURES Africa (11) 18.18 27.27 9.09 9.09 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.36 Asia (10) 0.00 0.00 10.00 50.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 3.30 Europe (27) 0.00 3.70 0.00 22.22 33.33 40.74 0.00 4.07 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 6.25 0.00 12.50 50.00 25.00 6.25 0.00 3.06 Near East (7) 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 42.86 14.29 0.00 3.43 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78) 3.85 7.69 6.41 28.21 29.49 24.36 0.00 3.45
TABLE 5 8 SPECIFIC REGULATORY MEASURES TO SUPPORT AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT 2017. Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 1.3.1 Access rights to land and water bodies Africa (11 1) 9.09 18.18 0.00 27.27 18.18 18.18 9.09 2.90 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 0.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 0) 0.00 0.00 11.11 25.93 14.81 48.15 0.00 4.00 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 12.50 0.00 12.50 31.25 25.00 18.75 0.00 3.13 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 0.00 14.29 42.86 28.57 0.00 3.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78 1) 5.13 5.13 7.69 25.64 23.08 32.05 1.28 3.50 1.3.2 Registration of aquaculture farms and hatcheries Africa (11 0) 9.09 9.09 0.00 27.27 27.27 27.27 0.00 3.36 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 Europe (27 0) 0.00 3.70 11.11 7.41 22.22 55.56 0.00 4.15 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 0.00 18.75 37.50 18.75 25.00 0.00 3.50 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 0.00 57.14 0.00 3.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 20.00 4.25 TOTAL (78 1) 2.56 2.56 11.54 19.23 23.08 39.74 1.28 3.74 1.3.3 Aquaculture Zonation (area for specific aquaculture system or for species) Africa (11 0) 18.18 27.27 0.00 27.27 9.09 18.18 0.00 2.36 Asia (10 1) 10.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 40.00 10.00 10.00 3.33 Europe (27 2) 14.81 3.70 3.70 14.81 40.74 14.81 7.41 3.16 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 25.00 0.00 6.25 31.25 31.25 6.25 0.00 2.63 Near East (7 0) 28.57 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 2.14 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 2) 17.95 6.41 5.13 21.79 29.49 15.38 3.85 2.77 1.3.4 Carrying Capacity (limits set on density and/or biomass Africa (11 1) 27.27 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 27.27 9.09 2.50 Asia (10 0) 10.00 0.00 10.00 50.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 3.00 Europe (27 2) 7.41 3.70 7.41 22.22 22.22 29.63 7.41 3.48 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 25.00 6.25 12.50 25.00 25.00 6.25 0.00 2.38 Near East (7 2) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 14.29 14.29 28.57 3.00 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 3.75 TOTAL (78 4) 14.10 3.85 8.97 24.36 19.23 21.79 7.69 2.81 1.3.5 Environmental assessment and monitoring (EIA) Africa (11 0) 18.18 27.27 9.09 9.09 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.36 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 40.00 40.00 10.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 0) 3.70 0.00 3.70 7.41 40.74 44.44 0.00 4.15 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 12.50 12.50 31.25 25.00 6.25 6.25 2.80 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 57.14 0.00 0.00 3.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 1) 6.41 7.69 6.41 19.23 34.62 24.36 1.28 3.38
9 1.3.6 Effluents Africa (11 0) 36.36 9.09 18.18 0.00 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.09 Asia (10 0) 0.00 20.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 Europe (27 1) 3.70 0.00 3.70 11.11 33.33 44.44 3.70 4.12 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 0.00 12.50 25.00 31.25 18.75 6.25 6.25 2.80 Near East (7 1) 0.00 14.29 28.57 14.29 28.57 0.00 14.29 2.67 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 3.75 TOTAL (78 4) 6.41 8.97 12.82 15.38 26.92 24.36 5.13 3.10 1.3.7 Feeds (environmental impact. quality. food safety issues) Africa (11 0) 45.45 9.09 18.18 0.00 18.18 9.09 0.00 1.64 Asia (10 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 30.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.10 Europe (27 2) 14.81 7.41 0.00 11.11 22.22 37.04 7.41 3.40 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 18.75 37.50 18.75 6.25 6.25 2.80 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 0.00 42.86 14.29 28.57 0.00 3.43 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 3.00 TOTAL (78 3) 12.82 10.26 7.69 19.23 23.08 21.79 5.13 2.85 1.3.8 Seed (source wild. hatchery as environmental issue) Africa (11 0) 45.45 0.00 0.00 18.18 9.09 27.27 0.00 2.27 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 10.00 0.00 3.40 Europe (27 4) 3.70 0.00 7.41 14.81 33.33 25.93 14.81 3.78 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 6.25 31.25 37.50 6.25 6.25 3.13 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 14.29 14.29 28.57 28.57 0.00 3.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 40.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 2.50 TOTAL (78 3) 10.26 1.28 10.26 21.79 29.49 19.23 7.69 3.01 1.3.9 Water abstraction Africa (11 1) 45.45 9.09 9.09 0.00 27.27 0.00 9.09 1.50 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 2.70 Europe (27 3) 0.00 3.70 3.70 14.81 29.63 37.04 11.11 4.04 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 2) 12.50 0.00 12.50 6.25 50.00 6.25 12.50 3.14 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 14.29 14.29 28.57 28.57 0.00 3.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 2.00 TOTAL (78 4) 1.3.11 Movement live animals along the lines of FAO or OIE Africa (11 1) 36.36 0.00 0.00 9.09 27.27 18.18 9.09 2.50 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 Europe (27 0) 7.41 3.70 0.00 14.81 18.52 55.56 0.00 4.00 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 0.00 31.25 31.25 18.75 6.25 3.40 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 28.57 0.00 3.43 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.60 TOTAL (78 2) 10.26 5.13 2.56 19.23 25.64 34.62 2.56 3.44
10 1.3.12 Impacts on biodiversity Africa (11 0) 18.18 9.09 9.09 9.09 27.27 27.27 0.00 3.00 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 50.00 10.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 1) 0.00 0.00 3.70 22.22 33.33 37.04 3.70 4.08 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 2) 12.50 0.00 6.25 37.50 25.00 6.25 12.50 2.93 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 0.00 14.29 42.86 14.29 0.00 3.00 100.0 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 2) 7.69 2.56 6.41 21.79 32.05 25.64 3.85 3.37 1.3.13 Escapes Africa (11 1) 18.18 9.09 0.00 18.18 27.27 18.18 9.09 2.90 Asia (10 1) 0.00 0.00 30.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 2.67 Europe (27 2) 14.81 3.70 3.70 22.22 22.22 25.93 7.41 3.20 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 12.50 12.50 6.25 43.75 18.75 0.00 6.25 2.47 Near East (7 1) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 2.50 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 4.25 TOTAL (78 6) 11.54 6.41 7.69 29.49 19.23 16.67 8.97 2.71 1.3.14 Stocking and restocking Africa (11 0) 18.18 9.09 0.00 36.36 9.09 27.27 0.00 2.91 Asia (10 0) 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 Europe (27 0) 7.41 3.70 0.00 18.52 33.33 37.04 0.00 3.78 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 6.25 18.75 12.50 43.75 12.50 6.25 0.00 2.56 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 14.29 3.17 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 2.80 TOTAL (78 1) 11.54 7.69 5.13 24.36 24.36 25.64 1.28 3.17 1.3.15 Food safety. along the lines of CODEX Africa (11 0) 45.45 9.09 0.00 9.09 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.00 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 10.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 0) 0.00 3.70 3.70 7.41 25.93 59.26 0.00 4.33 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 6.25 18.75 50.00 6.25 6.25 3.27 Near East (7 0) 0.00 0.00 14.29 0.00 85.71 0.00 0.00 3.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.60 TOTAL (78 1) 8.97 3.85 5.13 12.82 35.90 32.05 1.28 3.56 1.3.16 Use of drugs. chemicals and other substances Africa (11 1) 27.27 18.18 0.00 0.00 36.36 9.09 9.09 2.30 Asia (10 0) 10.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 0.00 3.70 Europe (27 2) 0.00 3.70 7.41 0.00 37.04 44.44 7.41 4.20 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 6.25 18.75 43.75 12.50 6.25 3.33 Near East (7 0) 0.00 28.57 0.00 28.57 42.86 0.00 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 4.00 TOTAL (78 4) 6.41 7.69 5.13 8.97 38.46 26.92 6.41 3.33
11 1.3.17 Fish health management along the lines of FAO or OIE Africa (11 1) 36.36 9.09 0.00 18.18 9.09 18.18 9.09 2.10 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 3.70 Europe (27 0) 0.00 7.41 7.41 3.70 29.63 51.85 0.00 4.11 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 6.25 62.50 6.25 6.25 6.25 2.80 Near East (7 0) 0.00 28.57 14.29 28.57 0.00 28.57 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 4.25 TOTAL (78 3) 6.41 7.69 6.41 24.36 20.51 30.77 3.85 3.29
TABLE 6 12 SPECIFIC SUPPORTING MECHANISMS THAT FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATORY MEASURES Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 2.1 Government monitoring. data collection and analysis system on aquaculture Africa (11 0) 9.09 18.18 9.09 0.00 27.27 36.36 0.00 3.27 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 0.00 30.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 0) 3.70 0.00 3.70 14.81 37.04 40.74 0.00 4.04 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 6.25 18.75 37.50 31.25 6.25 0.00 3.13 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 28.57 28.57 0.00 3.43 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 0) 5.13 5.13 6.41 20.51 34.62 28.21 0.00 3.59 2.2 Consultation stakeholders in formulating Aquaculture Policy/Aquaculture Development Plan Africa (11 0) 0.00 0.00 9.09 0.00 27.27 63.64 0.00 4.45 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 0) 0.00 3.70 0.00 7.41 37.04 51.85 0.00 4.33 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 6.25 0.00 31.25 37.50 25.00 0.00 3.75 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 0.00 42.86 14.29 28.57 0.00 3.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 60.00 0.00 3.80 TOTAL (78 0) 2.56 2.56 3.85 15.38 32.05 43.59 0.00 4.03 2.3 Participation of farmers associations in sector development and management Africa (11 0) 9.09 0.00 0.00 27.27 18.18 45.45 0.00 3.82 Asia (10 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 40.00 20.00 10.00 3.89 Europe (27 1) 3.70 0.00 3.70 14.81 18.52 55.56 3.70 4.19 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 12.50 0.00 6.25 18.75 43.75 12.50 6.25 3.27 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 42.86 0.00 0.00 28.57 14.29 2.67 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.60 TOTAL (78 4) 6.41 1.28 7.69 16.67 24.36 38.46 5.13 3.56 2.4 Aquaculture in coastal development and management plans Africa (11 1) 9.09 0.00 27.27 18.18 9.09 27.27 9.09 3.10 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 10.00 0.00 3.30 Europe (27 5) 0.00 7.41 14.81 11.11 29.63 18.52 18.52 3.45 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 25.00 12.50 25.00 12.50 18.75 6.25 0.00 2.06 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 14.29 14.29 42.86 0.00 14.29 2.83 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 3) 7.69 7.69 17.95 16.67 25.64 15.38 8.97 2.73 2.5 Aquaculture is integrated in watershed management or land use development plans Africa (11 1) 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 18.18 36.36 9.09 3.40 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 10.00 50.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 Europe (27 2) 0.00 7.41 14.81 29.63 22.22 18.52 7.41 3.32 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 12.50 6.25 37.50 25.00 6.25 6.25 6.25 2.27 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 28.57 0.00 42.86 14.29 0.00 3.00 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 3.25 TOTAL (78 4) 6.41 6.41 17.95 25.64 21.79 15.38 6.41 2.83
13 2.6 Integration of aquaculture in community development planning Africa (11 2) 0.00 18.18 0.00 9.09 27.27 27.27 18.18 3.56 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 70.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 3.40 Europe (27 3) 3.70 7.41 11.11 25.93 29.63 11.11 11.11 3.17 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 18.75 12.50 18.75 25.00 12.50 12.50 0.00 2.38 Near East (7 0) 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 42.86 0.00 0.00 2.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 2) 6.41 12.82 8.97 25.64 24.36 15.38 6.41 2.82 2.7 Ecosystems functions are considered in aquaculture planning and development Africa (11 1) 9.09 18.18 9.09 9.09 18.18 27.27 9.09 3.00 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 0.00 20.00 70.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 3) 0.00 7.41 0.00 3.70 48.15 29.63 11.11 4.04 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 6.25 6.25 18.75 43.75 25.00 0.00 0.00 2.75 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 28.57 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 4.00 TOTAL (78 3) 3.85 7.69 7.69 16.67 41.03 16.67 6.41 3.21 2.8 Incentive system for farmers to restore or rehabilitate resources Africa (11 1) 27.27 18.18 0.00 27.27 0.00 18.18 9.09 2.10 Asia (10 1) 0.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 10.00 3.00 Europe (27 10) 25.93 3.70 7.41 11.11 11.11 3.70 37.04 1.82 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 50.00 18.75 6.25 18.75 6.25 0.00 0.00 1.13 Near East (7 2) 28.57 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 0.00 28.57 1.80 Northern America (2 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 3.00 South West Pacific (5 4) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 80.00 5.00 TOTAL (78 6) 25.64 10.26 6.41 15.38 12.82 5.13 24.36 1.46 2.9 Practices adopted to improve sustainability BMPs. GAPs and codes of practice Africa (11 0) 18.18 0.00 27.27 18.18 0.00 36.36 0.00 2.91 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 50.00 10.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 3) 3.70 3.70 3.70 18.52 33.33 25.93 11.11 3.71 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 12.50 6.25 12.50 43.75 18.75 6.25 0.00 2.69 Near East (7 0) 14.29 28.57 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 2.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 1) 7.69 7.69 11.54 21.79 24.36 23.08 3.85 3.09 2.10 Application of the Polluter Pays principle Africa (11 3) 27.27 0.00 9.09 0.00 18.18 18.18 27.27 2.50 Asia (10 1) 0.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 10.00 2.89 Europe (27 2) 0.00 0.00 11.11 14.81 40.74 25.93 7.41 3.88 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 2) 12.50 18.75 6.25 31.25 12.50 6.25 12.50 2.36 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 42.86 14.29 14.29 14.29 3.00 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 2.33 TOTAL (78 6) 8.97 6.41 8.97 17.95 26.92 16.67 14.10 2.69
14 2.11 Trend of investment in aquaculture research Africa (11 0) 27.27 9.09 0.00 18.18 18.18 27.27 0.00 2.73 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 Europe (27 1) 0.00 7.41 11.11 18.52 33.33 25.93 3.70 3.62 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 2) 6.25 25.00 18.75 18.75 12.50 6.25 12.50 2.29 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 14.29 28.57 28.57 14.29 3.50 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 40.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 2.40 TOTAL (78 3) 8.97 8.97 10.26 17.95 29.49 19.23 5.13 2.97 2.12 Trend of investment in aquaculture extension and training Africa (11 0) 9.09 18.18 0.00 27.27 27.27 18.18 0.00 3.00 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 Europe (27 3) 3.70 3.70 11.11 18.52 22.22 29.63 11.11 3.58 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 12.50 12.50 31.25 25.00 12.50 6.25 0.00 2.31 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 2.75 TOTAL (78 2) 7.69 8.97 12.82 20.51 26.92 17.95 5.13 2.94 2.13 Trend of investment in infrastructure and facilities supporting aquaculture development Africa (11 0) 9.09 18.18 0.00 18.18 18.18 36.36 0.00 3.27 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 60.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 Europe (27 3) 0.00 11.11 11.11 11.11 22.22 33.33 11.11 3.63 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 12.50 25.00 25.00 25.00 0.00 6.25 2.53 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 42.86 0.00 14.29 3.00 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 3.40 TOTAL (78 3) 3.85 10.26 11.54 19.23 30.77 17.95 6.41 3.04
TABLE 7 15 SPECIFIC ENHANCING MECHANISMS THAT IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MEASURES ABOVE Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 3.1 Mechanisms ensure local communities benefited aquaculture development projects Africa (11 0) 0.00 9.09 18.18 27.27 27.27 18.18 0.00 3.27 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 Europe (27 3) 0.00 3.70 3.70 25.93 29.63 25.93 11.11 3.79 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 6.25 6.25 18.75 50.00 12.50 0.00 6.25 2.60 Near East (7 0) 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 42.86 14.29 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 60.00 0.00 3.80 TOTAL (78 2) 3.85 5.13 11.54 29.49 28.21 16.67 5.13 3.13 3.2 Voluntary certification system/s that promote responsible aquaculture Africa (11 0) 36.36 9.09 27.27 9.09 18.18 0.00 0.00 1.64 Asia (10 2) 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 3.50 Europe (27 5) 7.41 0.00 0.00 25.93 11.11 37.04 18.52 3.77 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 31.25 6.25 31.25 25.00 6.25 0.00 0.00 1.69 Near East (7 3) 28.57 0.00 14.29 14.29 0.00 0.00 42.86 1.25 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 2.80 TOTAL (78 3) 17.95 5.13 12.82 17.95 14.10 19.23 12.82 2.37 3.3 Farms covered by government assistance scheme in case of disasters Africa (11 0) 45.45 0.00 27.27 0.00 18.18 9.09 0.00 1.73 Asia (10 1) 0.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 60.00 0.00 10.00 3.33 Europe (27 2) 22.22 7.41 3.70 22.22 25.93 11.11 7.41 2.60 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 56.25 25.00 6.25 0.00 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.88 Near East (7 2) 28.57 0.00 0.00 14.29 28.57 0.00 28.57 2.20 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 2.60 TOTAL (78 3) 30.77 8.97 7.69 10.26 29.49 6.41 6.41 2.05 3.4 Access to institutional credit as well as microcredit Africa (11 2) 9.09 18.18 9.09 9.09 27.27 9.09 18.18 2.67 Asia (10 1) 0.00 10.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 3.11 Europe (27 3) 14.81 3.70 11.11 14.81 25.93 18.52 11.11 3.00 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 12.50 12.50 18.75 31.25 12.50 12.50 0.00 2.56 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 14.29 57.14 0.00 14.29 3.17 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 1) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.25 TOTAL (78 5) 12.82 7.69 14.10 17.95 24.36 12.82 10.26 2.51 3.5 Aquaculture farmers have access to commercial insurance Africa (11 2) 36.36 18.18 9.09 0.00 9.09 9.09 18.18 1.44 Asia (10 1) 20.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 2.00 Europe (27 3) 3.70 0.00 14.81 14.81 18.52 37.04 11.11 3.75 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 1) 25.00 25.00 25.00 12.50 6.25 0.00 6.25 1.47 Near East (7 1) 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 42.86 0.00 14.29 3.00 Northern America (2 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (78 7) 15.38 11.54 15.38 12.82 16.67 14.10 14.10 2.18
TABLE 8 16 SPECIFIC LEVEL/DEGREE OFCAPACITY TO SUPPORT MEASURES Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 4.1 Capacity of National Research system Africa (11 0) 18.18 9.09 9.09 27.27 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.73 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 70.00 0.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 1) 0.00 0.00 3.70 29.63 29.63 33.33 3.70 3.96 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 12.50 18.75 50.00 12.50 6.25 0.00 2.81 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 2.80 TOTAL (78 1) 3.85 6.41 11.54 28.21 28.21 20.51 1.28 3.29 4.2 Capacity of National Extension system Africa (11 0) 18.18 9.09 27.27 9.09 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.55 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.10 Europe (27 1) 0.00 7.41 3.70 25.93 29.63 29.63 3.70 3.73 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 18.75 25.00 43.75 6.25 6.25 0.00 2.56 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78 1) 3.85 11.54 15.38 23.08 26.92 17.95 1.28 3.09 4.3.1 Aquatic animal health management and biosecurity Africa (11 1) 0.00 9.09 18.18 18.18 27.27 18.18 9.09 3.30 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 0.00 20.00 60.00 10.00 0.00 3.60 Europe (27 0) 0.00 3.70 7.41 7.41 37.04 44.44 0.00 4.11 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 6.25 12.50 50.00 18.75 12.50 0.00 3.19 Near East (7 0) 0.00 28.57 42.86 0.00 28.57 0.00 0.00 2.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78 1) 0.00 8.97 11.54 20.51 32.05 25.64 1.28 3.50 4.3.2 Environmental management Africa (11 0) 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 36.36 27.27 0.00 3.36 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 50.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 3.30 Europe (27 0) 0.00 0.00 3.70 22.22 18.52 55.56 0.00 4.26 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 6.25 37.50 31.25 12.50 12.50 0.00 2.88 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 42.86 0.00 42.86 0.00 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 3.20 TOTAL (78 0) 1.28 5.13 15.38 24.36 24.36 29.49 0.00 3.54 4.3.3 Food safety Africa (11 0) 0.00 9.09 9.09 27.27 27.27 27.27 0.00 3.55 Asia (10 0) 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 70.00 10.00 0.00 3.80 Europe (27 0) 0.00 0.00 3.70 14.81 14.81 66.67 0.00 4.44 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 0.00 31.25 25.00 31.25 12.50 0.00 3.25 Near East (7 0) 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 42.86 14.29 0.00 3.29 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 5.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 3.60 TOTAL (78 0) 0.00 3.85 11.54 17.95 29.49 37.18 0.00 3.85
17 4.3.4 Conflict management Africa (11 1) 0.00 18.18 18.18 0.00 36.36 18.18 9.09 3.20 Asia (10 0) 0.00 20.00 10.00 40.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 Europe (27 1) 3.70 0.00 7.41 29.63 37.04 18.52 3.70 3.58 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 6.25 12.50 25.00 31.25 18.75 6.25 0.00 2.63 Near East (7 0) 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 57.14 0.00 0.00 2.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 3.60 TOTAL (78 2) 3.85 8.97 14.10 25.64 32.05 12.82 2.56 3.06 4.3.5 Preparedness to respond to disasters Africa (11 1) 9.09 9.09 18.18 27.27 18.18 9.09 9.09 2.70 Asia (10 0) 10.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 Europe (27 1) 3.70 3.70 22.22 18.52 29.63 18.52 3.70 3.27 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 0.00 18.75 43.75 18.75 6.25 12.50 0.00 2.50 Near East (7 0) 28.57 28.57 0.00 14.29 28.57 0.00 0.00 1.86 Northern America (2 1) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 50.00 4.00 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 2.60 TOTAL (78 3) 7.69 10.26 21.79 21.79 23.08 11.54 3.85 2.69 4.3.6 Preparedness to manage the risk impacts from climate change Africa (11 1) 18.18 9.09 18.18 18.18 18.18 9.09 9.09 2.40 Asia (10 0) 0.00 10.00 20.00 50.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 2.80 Europe (27 2) 7.41 7.41 18.52 14.81 40.74 3.70 7.41 2.92 Latin America and the Caribbean (16 0) 6.25 37.50 12.50 37.50 0.00 6.25 0.00 2.06 Near East (7 0) 42.86 14.29 0.00 14.29 28.57 0.00 0.00 1.71 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 3.50 South West Pacific (5 0) 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 3.00 TOTAL (78 2) 11.54 14.10 14.10 26.92 24.36 5.13 3.85 2.46
TABLE 9 18 QUESTIONS GROUP II: USE OF FAO GUIDELINES MAIN ELEMENTS TO SUPPORT ADOPTION OF THE CODE IN AQUACULTURE Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) PART 1. ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES Africa (11) 9.09 9.09 18.18 27.27 18.18 18.18 0.00 2.91 Asia (10) 0.00 20.00 10.00 30.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 2.90 Europe (27) 0.00 11.11 18.52 22.22 29.63 18.52 0.00 3.26 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 0.00 6.25 25.00 31.25 25.00 12.50 0.00 3.12 Near East (7) 14.29 0.00 0.00 42.86 28.57 14.29 0.00 3.14 Northern America (2) 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 South West Pacific (5) 0.00 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 2.80 TOTAL (78) 2.56 11.54 17.95 26.92 26.92 14.10 0.00 3.06 PART 2. SUPPORT MECHANISMS THAT FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATORY MEASURES Africa (11) 9.09 0.00 45.45 18.18 27.27 0.00 0.00 2.55 Asia (10) 10.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 Europe (26) 23.08 19.23 3.85 7.69 19.23 3.85 0.00 1.46 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 20.00 20.00 13.33 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 Near East (7) 14.29 0.00 57.14 14.29 14.29 0.00 0.00 2.14 Northern America (2) 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 South West Pacific (5) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 TOTAL (76) 21.05 13.16 21.05 14.47 18.42 1.32 0.00 1.79 PART 3. ENHANCING MECHANISMS THAT IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ABOVE INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES Africa (11) 27.27 18.18 9.09 9.09 9.09 9.09 0.00 1.45 Asia (10) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 1.80 Europe (25) 20.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 8.00 8.00 0.00 1.40 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 33.33 20.00 13.33 13.33 6.67 0.00 0.00 1.13 Near East (7) 28.57 0.00 28.57 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 Northern America (2) 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 South West Pacific (5) 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.20 TOTAL (75) 29.33 10.67 14.67 13.33 8.00 4.00 0.00 1.32 PART 4. THE LEVEL/DEGREE OF CAPACITY OF THE STATE TO SUPPORT THE MEASURES Africa (11) 18.18 0.00 27.27 45.45 9.09 0.00 0.00 2.27 Asia (10) 0.00 10.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2.80 Europe (27) 0.00 14.81 18.52 25.93 25.93 14.81 0.00 3.07 Latin America and the Caribbean (16) 0.00 18.75 43.75 25.00 6.25 6.25 0.00 2.38 Near East (7) 28.57 14.29 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 0.00 1.86 Northern America (2) 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 South West Pacific (5) 0.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 2.40 TOTAL (78) 5.13 15.38 28.21 26.92 15.38 8.97 0.00 2.59
TABLE 10 19 ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS AND MEASURES (EMM) Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 1.1 AQUACULTURE POLICY Africa (11 0) 18.18 9.09 0.00 27.27 18.18 27.27 0.00 3.00 Asia (10 1) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 50.00 0.00 10.00 2.89 Europe (25 5) 24.00 4.00 8.00 16.00 20.00 8.00 20.00 2.35 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 0.00 20.00 6.67 13.33 20.00 26.67 13.33 3.31 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 28.57 14.29 14.29 3.17 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (75 5) 18.67 8.00 4.00 18.67 22.67 13.33 14.67 2.29 1.2 AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT PLAN Africa (11 2) 9.09 9.09 0.00 18.18 27.27 18.18 18.18 3.22 Asia (10 2) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 20.00 2.75 Europe (25 5) 20.00 12.00 8.00 12.00 20.00 8.00 20.00 2.30 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 0.00 20.00 6.67 20.00 13.33 20.00 20.00 3.08 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 0.00 28.57 28.57 14.29 14.29 3.17 South West Pacific (5 1) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 2.00 TOTAL (75 6) 16.00 10.67 4.00 17.33 22.67 10.67 18.67 2.15 1.3 AQUACULTURE REGULATORY MEASURES Africa (11) 27.27 18.18 9.09 18.18 27.27 0.00 0.00 2.00 Asia (10) 10.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 Europe (25) 24.00 8.00 12.00 24.00 8.00 8.00 0.00 1.76 Latin America and the Caribbean (15) 6.67 13.33 20.00 33.33 13.33 0.00 0.00 2.07 Near East (7) 14.29 28.57 28.57 14.29 14.29 0.00 0.00 1.86 Northern America (2) 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 South West Pacific (5) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 TOTAL (75) 20.00 14.67 14.67 22.67 14.67 2.67 0.00 1.84
TABLE 11 20 SPECIFIC REGULATORY MEASURES TO SUPPORT AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 1.3.1 Access rights to land and water bodies Africa (11 2) 27.27 9.09 18.18 9.09 18.18 0.00 18.18 1.78 Asia (10 3) 10.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 2.57 Europe (24 4) 29.17 4.17 8.33 16.67 12.50 12.50 16.67 2.20 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 4) 26.67 6.67 6.67 26.67 0.00 6.67 26.67 1.82 Near East (7 1) 14.29 14.29 0.00 28.57 14.29 14.29 14.29 2.67 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (74 6) 25.68 6.76 10.81 17.57 9.46 8.11 21.62 1.59 1.3.2 Registration of aquaculture farms and hatcheries Africa (11 1) 27.27 18.18 27.27 0.00 9.09 9.09 9.09 1.70 Asia (9 1) 11.11 11.11 11.11 22.22 33.33 0.00 11.11 2.63 Europe (24 6) 29.17 12.50 8.33 4.17 12.50 8.33 25.00 1.78 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 6.67 0.00 20.00 40.00 13.33 6.67 13.33 2.85 Near East (7 1) 28.57 0.00 0.00 28.57 14.29 14.29 14.29 2.50 South West Pacific (5 3) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 1.50 TOTAL (73 6) 23.29 8.22 12.33 16.44 13.70 6.85 19.18 1.71 1.3.3 Aquaculture Zonation (area for specific aquaculture system or for species) Africa (11 1) 36.36 9.09 18.18 0.00 27.27 0.00 9.09 1.70 Asia (10 2) 10.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 20.00 2.50 Europe (24 7) 29.17 0.00 8.33 8.33 20.83 4.17 29.17 2.06 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 0.00 6.67 6.67 26.67 13.33 26.67 20.00 3.58 Near East (7 2) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 28.57 2.00 South West Pacific (5 3) 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 1.50 TOTAL (74 6) 21.62 6.76 8.11 13.51 18.92 6.76 24.32 1.73 1.3.4 Carrying Capacity (limits set on density and/or biomass Africa (11 2) 27.27 9.09 9.09 9.09 18.18 9.09 18.18 2.11 Asia (10 2) 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 2.38 Europe (24 5) 37.50 0.00 4.17 25.00 8.33 4.17 20.83 1.74 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 20.00 6.67 13.33 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 2.17 Near East (7 3) 14.29 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 42.86 2.25 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (74 6) 25.68 5.41 10.81 18.92 13.51 2.70 22.97 1.51 1.3.5 Environmental assessment and monitoring (EIA) Africa (11 2) 27.27 9.09 9.09 0.00 27.27 9.09 18.18 2.22 Asia (10 2) 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 2.38 Europe (25 5) 28.00 4.00 12.00 16.00 8.00 12.00 20.00 2.10 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 13.33 13.33 13.33 20.00 13.33 6.67 20.00 2.33 Near East (7 1) 14.29 28.57 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 14.29 1.67 South West Pacific (5 1) 40.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.00 TOTAL (75 6) 24.00 10.67 13.33 13.33 13.33 6.67 18.67 1.64
21 1.3.6 Effluents Africa (11 2) 36.36 18.18 9.09 0.00 18.18 0.00 18.18 1.33 Asia (10 2) 20.00 10.00 0.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 20.00 2.38 Europe (24 7) 20.83 4.17 12.50 20.83 4.17 8.33 29.17 2.12 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 26.67 6.67 20.00 20.00 6.67 6.67 13.33 1.92 Near East (7 2) 28.57 14.29 14.29 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.40 South West Pacific (5 2) 40.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.00 TOTAL (74 6) 28.38 8.11 10.81 14.86 10.81 4.05 22.97 1.38 1.3.7 Feeds (environmental impact. quality. food safety issues) Africa (11 2) 36.36 9.09 9.09 0.00 27.27 0.00 18.18 1.67 Asia (10 2) 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 20.00 2.63 Europe (24 8) 16.67 16.67 4.17 12.50 8.33 8.33 33.33 2.06 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 6.67 20.00 26.67 20.00 0.00 6.67 20.00 2.08 Near East (7 2) 28.57 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.80 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (74 6) 18.92 13.51 12.16 13.51 12.16 4.05 25.68 1.47 1.3.8 Seed (source wild. hatchery as environmental issue) Africa (11 1) 27.27 9.09 9.09 9.09 27.27 9.09 9.09 2.30 Asia (10 2) 10.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 20.00 2.75 Europe (24 9) 16.67 8.33 12.50 8.33 8.33 8.33 37.50 2.13 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 6.67 6.67 40.00 20.00 0.00 13.33 2.54 Near East (7 0) 28.57 14.29 42.86 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.43 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (74 5) 18.92 6.76 17.57 16.22 14.86 4.05 21.62 1.70 1.3.9 Water abstraction Africa (11 4) 36.36 0.00 9.09 0.00 18.18 0.00 36.36 1.43 Asia (10 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 2.25 Europe (24 8) 16.67 8.33 12.50 8.33 8.33 12.50 33.33 2.31 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 4) 26.67 13.33 13.33 13.33 6.67 0.00 26.67 1.45 Near East (7 2) 14.29 14.29 42.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.57 1.40 South West Pacific (5 3) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.00 1.00 TOTAL (74 6) 24.32 6.76 16.22 8.11 9.46 4.05 31.08 1.22 1.3.10 Use of alien species along the lines of FAO or OIE guidelines or CBD provisions Africa (11 1) 45.45 0.00 0.00 18.18 18.18 9.09 9.09 1.90 Asia (10 1) 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 30.00 0.00 10.00 2.22 Europe (25 8) 16.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 20.00 8.00 32.00 2.47 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 6.67 6.67 13.33 26.67 20.00 13.33 13.33 3.00 Near East (7 0) 14.29 0.00 28.57 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 2.86 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 2.33 TOTAL (75 5) 18.67 8.00 10.67 14.67 21.33 8.00 18.67 1.99 1.3.11 Movement live animals along the lines of FAO or OIE Africa (11 2) 27.27 0.00 9.09 18.18 18.18 9.09 18.18 2.33 Asia (10 1) 30.00 10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 2.44 Europe (24 8) 12.50 8.33 8.33 12.50 12.50 12.50 33.33 2.63
22 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 6.67 13.33 13.33 20.00 20.00 13.33 13.33 2.85 Near East (7 0) 28.57 0.00 14.29 14.29 42.86 0.00 0.00 2.43 100.0 Northern America (2 0) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 South West Pacific (5 1) 40.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 1.50 TOTAL (74 5) 21.62 6.76 9.46 13.51 18.92 10.81 18.92 1.96 1.3.12 Impacts on biodiversity Africa (10 2) 30.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 2.50 Asia (10 2) 10.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 2.75 Europe (25 6) 20.00 8.00 8.00 20.00 8.00 12.00 24.00 2.32 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 4) 6.67 6.67 26.67 20.00 13.33 0.00 26.67 2.36 Near East (7 1) 14.29 14.29 14.29 28.57 14.29 0.00 14.29 2.17 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.33 TOTAL (74 6) 17.57 8.11 13.51 16.22 14.86 6.76 22.97 1.77 1.3.13 Escapes Africa (11 4) 27.27 0.00 9.09 9.09 18.18 0.00 36.36 1.86 Asia (10 2) 10.00 20.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 2.38 Europe (24 7) 16.67 20.83 4.17 20.83 4.17 4.17 29.17 1.82 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 6.67 20.00 20.00 20.00 13.33 0.00 20.00 2.17 Near East (7 2) 14.29 28.57 0.00 28.57 0.00 0.00 28.57 1.60 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (74 6) 17.57 16.22 9.46 18.92 8.11 2.70 27.03 1.38 1.3.14 Stocking and restocking Africa (11 2) 27.27 18.18 9.09 0.00 27.27 0.00 18.18 1.78 Asia (10 2) 10.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 2.25 Europe (24 7) 20.83 12.50 8.33 16.67 4.17 8.33 29.17 1.94 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 20.00 20.00 20.00 13.33 0.00 13.33 2.00 Near East (7 2) 28.57 0.00 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.80 South West Pacific (5 1) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.25 TOTAL (74 6) 22.97 13.51 13.51 13.51 10.81 4.05 21.62 1.45 1.3.15 Food safety. along the lines of CODEX Africa (11 2) 36.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.18 27.27 18.18 2.56 Asia (10 1) 0.00 10.00 0.00 30.00 20.00 30.00 10.00 3.67 Europe (25 6) 20.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 20.00 24.00 2.68 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 0.00 20.00 6.67 6.67 40.00 13.33 13.33 3.23 Near East (7 1) 28.57 14.29 14.29 0.00 28.57 0.00 14.29 1.83 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 1) 20.00 0.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.75 TOTAL (75 6) 17.33 8.00 9.33 10.67 20.00 17.33 17.33 2.25 1.3.16 Use of drugs. chemicals and other substances Africa (11 3) 27.27 0.00 9.09 0.00 9.09 27.27 27.27 2.63 Asia (10 1) 30.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 2.78 Europe (24 6) 20.83 8.33 8.33 8.33 16.67 12.50 25.00 2.39 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 6.67 13.33 26.67 26.67 0.00 13.33 2.54 Near East (7 0) 28.57 28.57 28.57 14.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.29 South West Pacific (5 2) 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 2.67 TOTAL (74 5) 22.97 6.76 10.81 13.51 16.22 10.81 18.92 1.88
23 1.3.17 Fish health management along the lines of FAO or OIE Africa (11 3) 27.27 0.00 0.00 9.09 9.09 27.27 27.27 2.75 Asia (10 2) 10.00 10.00 0.00 10.00 40.00 10.00 20.00 3.13 Europe (24 5) 29.17 8.33 4.17 12.50 12.50 12.50 20.83 2.11 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 6.67 20.00 6.67 26.67 20.00 6.67 13.33 2.62 Near East (7 0) 14.29 28.57 14.29 14.29 28.57 0.00 0.00 2.14 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 South West Pacific (5 2) 0.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 3.00 TOTAL (74 5) 18.92 10.81 6.76 14.86 18.92 10.81 18.92 1.99
TABLE 12 24 SPECIFIC SUPPORTING MECHANISMS THAT FACILITATE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGULATORY MEASURES Percentage distribution of country responses by (0 to 5) and average by region (Ranking: 0=No or None; 1= very low; 2=low; 3=moderate; 4=high; 5= very high) 2.1 Government monitoring. data collection and analysis system on aquaculture Africa (11 1) 18.18 0.00 18.18 18.18 9.09 27.27 9.09 2.90 Asia (10 1) 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 2.78 Europe (24 5) 20.83 12.50 0.00 12.50 20.83 12.50 20.83 2.47 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 20.00 6.67 0.00 40.00 6.67 13.33 13.33 2.54 Near East (7 1) 14.29 0.00 14.29 28.57 14.29 14.29 14.29 2.83 South West Pacific (5 2) 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 2.67 TOTAL (74 6) 18.92 8.11 5.41 22.97 14.86 13.51 16.22 2.15 2.2 Consultation stakeholders in formulating Aquaculture Policy/Aquaculture Development Plan Africa (11 1) 0.00 9.09 18.18 18.18 9.09 36.36 9.09 3.50 Asia (10 0) 10.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 2.70 Europe (25 6) 24.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 12.00 16.00 24.00 2.42 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 1) 13.33 13.33 0.00 13.33 33.33 20.00 6.67 3.07 Near East (7 1) 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 2.50 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (75 5) 17.33 8.00 10.67 16.00 16.00 17.33 14.67 2.28 2.3 Participation of farmers associations in sector development and management Africa (11 2) 9.09 9.09 9.09 18.18 27.27 9.09 18.18 2.89 Asia (10 1) 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 2.22 Europe (24 5) 33.33 4.17 8.33 4.17 16.67 12.50 20.83 2.05 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 20.00 13.33 6.67 20.00 13.33 13.33 13.33 2.38 Near East (7 2) 14.29 14.29 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.80 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 40.00 2.00 TOTAL (74 6) 22.97 9.46 12.16 10.81 17.57 8.11 18.92 1.77 2.4 Aquaculture in coastal development and management plans Africa (11 4) 18.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.27 18.18 36.36 3.14 Asia (10 1) 10.00 20.00 20.00 10.00 30.00 0.00 10.00 2.33 Europe (25 9) 16.00 8.00 12.00 4.00 20.00 4.00 36.00 2.25 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 26.67 6.67 6.67 20.00 20.00 6.67 13.33 2.23 Near East (7 3) 14.29 14.29 14.29 0.00 14.29 0.00 42.86 1.75 South West Pacific (5 1) 40.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 1.25 TOTAL (75 6) 21.33 8.00 10.67 8.00 20.00 5.33 26.67 1.60 2.5 Aquaculture is integrated in watershed management or land use development plans Africa (11 4) 18.18 9.09 0.00 0.00 27.27 9.09 36.36 2.57 Asia (10 1) 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 2.22 Europe (24 8) 25.00 4.17 8.33 8.33 16.67 4.17 33.33 2.00 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 26.67 13.33 13.33 13.33 20.00 0.00 13.33 1.85 Near East (7 2) 14.29 14.29 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.80 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (74 6) 22.97 9.46 12.16 9.46 17.57 2.70 25.68 1.46
25 2.6 Integration of aquaculture in community development planning Africa (11 5) 9.09 9.09 0.00 9.09 18.18 9.09 45.45 2.83 Asia (10 1) 10.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 2.44 Europe (24 8) 25.00 4.17 4.17 25.00 4.17 4.17 33.33 1.88 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 20.00 13.33 20.00 20.00 0.00 13.33 2.15 Near East (7 2) 28.57 14.29 14.29 0.00 14.29 0.00 28.57 1.40 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (74 6) 20.27 9.46 9.46 18.92 12.16 2.70 27.03 1.47 2.7 Ecosystems functions are considered in aquaculture planning and development Africa (11 2) 9.09 36.36 9.09 0.00 18.18 9.09 18.18 2.11 Asia (10 1) 10.00 30.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 0.00 10.00 2.22 Europe (25 8) 16.00 16.00 4.00 4.00 20.00 8.00 32.00 2.29 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 20.00 13.33 20.00 20.00 0.00 13.33 2.15 Near East (7 1) 28.57 0.00 42.86 0.00 14.29 0.00 14.29 1.67 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (75 6) 17.33 18.67 12.00 8.00 18.67 4.00 21.33 1.61 2.8 Incentive system for farmers to restore or rehabilitate resources Africa (10 3) 20.00 10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 10.00 30.00 2.43 Asia (10 1) 30.00 0.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 0.00 10.00 1.89 Europe (25 14) 24.00 0.00 0.00 12.00 4.00 4.00 56.00 1.64 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 53.33 6.67 6.67 6.67 13.33 0.00 13.33 1.08 Near East (7 3) 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 14.29 0.00 42.86 1.50 Northern America (2 1) 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 0.00 South West Pacific (5 4) 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 80.00 3.00 TOTAL (74 7) 29.73 2.70 6.76 9.46 10.81 2.70 37.84 1.01 2.9 Practices adopted to improve sustainability BMPs. GAPs and codes of practice Africa (10 2) 10.00 20.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 2.63 Asia (9 0) 0.00 11.11 22.22 11.11 33.33 22.22 0.00 3.33 Europe (25 7) 24.00 4.00 8.00 16.00 12.00 8.00 28.00 2.17 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 2) 13.33 6.67 20.00 26.67 20.00 0.00 13.33 2.38 Near East (7 0) 28.57 0.00 14.29 42.86 14.29 0.00 0.00 2.14 Northern America (2 0) 50.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 South West Pacific (5 2) 20.00 0.00 20.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 1.67 TOTAL (73 4) 17.81 8.22 13.70 19.18 15.07 8.22 17.81 1.95 2.10 Application of the Polluter Pays principle Africa (10 5) 20.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 0.00 50.00 2.20 Asia (10 1) 30.00 0.00 30.00 0.00 30.00 0.00 10.00 2.00 Europe (24 7) 20.83 8.33 8.33 8.33 16.67 8.33 29.17 2.24 Latin America and the Caribbean (15 3) 33.33 0.00 20.00 13.33 6.67 6.67 20.00 1.75 Near East (7 3) 14.29 0.00 28.57 0.00 14.29 0.00 42.86 2.00 South West Pacific (5 4) 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 80.00 1.00 TOTAL (73 6) 24.66 4.11 13.70 6.85 15.07 4.11 31.51 1.33