Biology: Get out your packet from yesterday! Today: 5/15/2014 Learning Objectives: *Discuss answers from yesterday Describe the characteristics of animals that belong to the Phylum Arthropoda *Arthropod Notes If you would like to use gloves on Mon and Tues for Dissection PLEASE BRING THEM!!!
Arthropods Arthropoda - jointed legs. Largest animal phylum; includes insects, spiders shrimp, and centipedes. Jointed appendages include, legs, antennae, claws, & pinchers.
Body Cavity and digestive system; possess mouth & anus. Open circulatory system w/ a heart Nervous system is similar to annelids (worms), but with larger brains Have compound eyes to detect color & motion Have feather-like gills, book gills or book lungs to respire
Skeletal Structure Have an external structure called an exoskeleton. Made up a protein & a carbohydrate called chitin. Sheds its exoskeleton as it grows in a process called molting. Is vulnerable to predators while new exoskeleton hardens
Class Insecta Insects are largest invertebrate class. Three body regions: head, thorax, & abdomen. Head contains a pair of antennae, eyes & a mouth.
Thorax has 3 pair of jointed legs, & 1 or 2 pair of wings in most species. Abdomen is divided into 11 segments (No wings or legs attached to abdomen).
Only invertebrates capable of flight. - allows them to find food, home, and mates better and it allows them to escape predators.
Possess both simple & compound eyes (detect color and movement). Antennae are used for touch & smell. Open circulatory system carries food and waste. O2 enters and CO2 exits through spiracles (holes) on the abdomen and thorax.
Reproduction Reproduce sexually. Many undergo metamorphosis series of changes controlled by hormones. Two types: Complete & Incomplete.
Complete Metamorphosis Most insect such as: butterflies, beetles, ants, bees, moths & flies develop through complete Metamorphosis. 4 stages: Egg, Larva, Pupa (resting), & Adult.
Incomplete Metamorphosis Grasshoppers, crickets & lice. Three stages: egg, nymph, adult Nymph is a wingless version of the adult.
The exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and wings allow them to live on land and fly. Small size allows them to hide from enemies and live in a wide range of environments.
Crustaceans Crabs, crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, water fleas, & pill bugs.
- Cephalothorax (fusion of head & thorax) & abdomen - 5 pairs of walking legs, 1st pair are claws. Carapace Tail Abdomen Cephalothorax Swimmerets Mandible First antenna Second antenna Walking legs Cheliped
4 others are walking legs. 5 pairs of swimmerets on abdomen help in locomotion & reproduction. Lost appendages can be regenerated. Telson is a muscular tail possessed by crayfish, shrimp & lobster.
Possess compound eyes. One or two antennae Jaws called mandibles are used for crushing food. Force water over the gills for breathing. Important food source for humans.
Arachnids Class containing spiders, scorpions, mites, & ticks. Possess cephalothorax & abdomen. 4 pairs of legs, but lack antennae.
Venom glands, stingers, or fangs are used to subdue prey. Some have a pair of modified appendages (pedipalps) used in feeding & prey capture. Pedipalp
Respiration occurs through spiracles & book lungs.
Spiders Venomous bite paralyzes prey. Digestive enzymes then liquefy organs, which are drunk later.
2 Venomous Spiders: Black widow Brown recluse
Black Widow Latrodectus mactrans - Black Widow. Red hour glass design on abdomen.
- Only females bite are dangerous, extremely venomous. Related species:australian Brown Widow & Japanese Red Widow
Brown Recluse Loxceles reclusa - Brown Recluse. Southern Spider/ house spider. Bite causes massive cell destruction. Related species are dev. potent venom.
Scorpions Pedipalps are enlarged into claws to hold prey to be stung by venomous tail stinger. Chew their prey
The following Arthropods will not be on your final. So you do not need to write down notes! Please pay attention though!
Ticks, Chiggers, & Mites Parasites that can cause diseases such as Lyme s Disease (deer tick) & Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (wood or dog tick).
Centipedes & Millipedes many segments antennae simple eyes live on land in moist areas make nests and stay with eggs until they hatch
Centipedes One pair of jointed leg per body segment. Flattened body. Carnivorous & possess venomous claws. Quick moving. 15-181 segments (always odd)
Millipedes Round bodies with 2 pairs of legs per body segment. Possibly over 100 segments Feed on dead & decaying plant matter Roll up in a ball when disturbed. Some can expel cyanide gas or unpleasant chemicals as a defense mechanism.
Biology: Please pick up the Crayfish Dissection Guide Today 5/19/2014 Learning Objectives: *Missing GE Projects... *Crayfish Dissection! Analyze the characteristics of arthropods through crayfish. Final Exam Notecards DUE FRIDAY!!
Safety: DO NOT EAT ANY PART OF CRAYFISH!! BE CAREFUL WITH SCISSORS! Clean-up: *If you finish dissecting today, please throw all parts of crayfish in the trashcan! *If you need to finish dissecting tomorrow please put your crayfish in a baggie with your name! Rinse out dissecting tray Wash all equipment! Wipe up area! All Questions must be answered! You can finish packets tomorrow in class! Bring study guide materials everyday to work on studying for finals!