Science 8 - Water Systems Test - Chapters 1-2 Multiple Choice (30 marks) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What percentage represents the amount of fresh water on Earth that is frozen in large masses of ice? a. 97% b. 3% c. 2% d. 1% 2. Which term is used to describe all of the water associated with our planet Earth? a. atmosphere b. biosphere c. hydrosphere d. lithosphere 3. Which of the following best describes the order of the processes in the water cycle? a. evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run-off b. evaporation, condensation, run-off, precipitation c. evaporation, precipitation, run-off, condensation d. evaporation, run-off, condensation, precipitation 4. Which of the following activities decreases run-off? a. building roads b. cutting trees c. paving parking lots d. planting grass 5. Which term is used to describe water that does NOT soak into the ground or evaporate after a rainstorm? a. groundwater b. melt water c. outflow d. run-off 6. Which term below is responsible for providing the energy for the water cycle? a. the climate b. the Moon c. the Sun d. the tides 7. Which statement correctly describes fresh water? a. It has a greater density than salt water. b. It has a higher freezing point than salt water. c. It has a higher salinity than salt water. d. It has greater buoyancy than salt water. 8. When Eric conducted his investigation, Salinity s Effect on Water Density, what was his conclusion? a. Fresh water and salt water mix instantly. b. Fresh water floats on salt water. c. Fresh water sinks in salt water. d. Salt water floats on fresh water. 9. Patrick reviews his notes for his science test and finds that he is missing some information about salt water. Which of the following statements should he add to his notes? a. Salt water comprises 99 percent of all water on Earth. b. Salt water has a higher salinity than fresh water. c. Salt water has a lower density than fresh water. d. Salt water is found in lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.
10. Jeff studies a beaker containing three layers of salty water. He adds a drop of coloured water with an unknown amount of salt and it settles near the bottom of layer B. Choose the best description for the density of the unknown drop. a. less dense than layer A b. more dense than layer A, less dense than layer B c. more dense than layer B, less dense than layer C d. more dense than layer C 11. Which term is used to describe the total area from which precipitation drains into a single river or set of rivers? a. continental divide b. drainage basin c. drainage divide d. ocean basin 12. Which of the following has been speculated by scientists to be the origin of water trapped in the molten rock of Earth? a. ice in comets from space hitting Earth b. ice packs that had formed at the poles of the planet c. the heating process of volcanoes on Earth d. water vapour floating freely in space and attracted to Earth 13. Which statement properly describes Earth s crust as it relates to the process of plate tectonics? a. It is made of plates that float on molten rock. b. It is sitting on light rock, which floats on the ocean. c. It is pushed around by the ocean currents and tides. d. It is pulled around Earth by the Moon and the Sun. 14. How is a mid-ocean ridge created? a. Two tectonic plates push together and force the rocky material upward. b. Two tectonic plates move apart and magma flows up between them. c. One tectonic plate moves under the edge of another plate, forcing it upward. d. An earthquake occurs and a new canyon is created. 15. The continental slope is located between which two seafloor features? a. the abyssal plain and the mid-ocean ridge b. the continental shelf and the abyssal plain c. the mid-ocean ridge and the ocean trench d. the shoreline and the continental shelf
16. From this diagram, predict how sonar is used to map the ocean floor. a. A laser is directed to the ocean floor. The time it takes the signals to return to the ship is measured. b. A weighted line is dropped to the sea and the depth is measured. c. Light waves are bounced off the ocean floor and the pictures are captured on a computer. d. Sound waves are bounced off the ocean floor. The time it takes the signals to return to the ship is measured. 17. What technology has the ability to survey large areas of the ocean, relay information from buoys to weather stations, all while maintaining its position above the Earth. a. Sonar b. Satellite c. ROV d. Submersible 18. If you were to pour cold water into a glass of warm water, what will happen? a. cold and warm water will mix b. cold water will sit on top of the warm water c. cold water will sink to the bottom d. both the cold and warm water will sink to the bottom 19. Which two currents are responsible for creating fog off the coast of Newfoundland? a. Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Gulf Stream b. Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream c. Newfoundland Current and Labrador Current d. Pacific Current and the Atlantic Current 20. Which of the following occurs as a result of upwelling of water? a. Bottom-dwelling fish are brought to the surface, where they can be caught by fishermen. b. Death to both water plants and animals c. Nutrient-rich water is brought to the surface to feed plankton. d. Warm water is brought to the surface. 21. What causes surface water to move away from the land initiating the process of upwelling? a. cold water b. upwelling c. warm water d. winds 22. Which is the correct conclusion relating temperature and ocean depth as shown in this graph? Temperature vs Ocean Depth 25 20 15 Temperature 10 5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Ocean Depth a. Water temperature increases with an increase in depth. b. Water temperature decreases with an increase in depth. c. Water temperature stays the same with an increase in depth. d. There is no relationship between temperature and water depth.
23. To determine the height of a Tsunami wave, you would measure a. crest to sea-level b. amplitude c. crest to crest d. crest to trough 24. Which characteristic of a wave increases as it approaches the shore? a. energy b. wave height c. wavelength d. wave width 25. What is the cause of a tsunami? a. a strong sustained wind blowing over the surface of the ocean b. a series of strong ocean currents passing by a certain location c. several large ships passing by a certain location at the same time and travelling at high speeds d. a seismic event such as an earthquake beneath the ocean floor, an underwater landslide, or a volcanic eruption 26. Which processes account for the development of coastlines with sandy beaches? a. dead plant and animal matter washing up on shore b. erosion and deposition c. humans depositing sand along the shoreline d. plant and animal activity in coastal waters 27. How are headlands and bays created? a. hard rock in the bays erodes faster than the soft rock in the headlands b. soft rock in the bays erodes faster than the hard rock in the headlands c. deposition of sediments creates headlands and erosion creates bays d. plate tectonics move the headlands further out into the water than the bays
28. Which is the term used to describe the structure featured in this picture? a. sea arch b. sea bar c. sea cave d. sea stack 29. What happens to the tidal range when the Moon, Earth, and the Sun are in line? a. The tidal range is at its largest. b. The tidal range is at its smallest. c. The tidal range is unchanged. d. The tidal range is unpredictable. 30. Which tide occurs when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth form a 90 angle? a. fall b. neap c. normal d. spring