LECTURE 1 SYLLABUS FOR FIRST CLASS 2013-2014 MSC. ISMAIL M.ALI DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEEING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING TIKRIT UNIVERSITY
MANDATORY CLASS: 1ST ORGANIC CHEMISTRY CH 122 Teaching scheme: 2 hours lecture per week Credits: 6 Course description Is an introduction to organic chemistry, focusing primarily on the basic principles to understand the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. Emphasis is on substitution and elimination reactions and chemistry of the carbonyl group. The course also provides an introduction to the chemistry of aromatic compounds. Objective To impart the basic concepts of organic chemistry To develop understanding about concepts on organic reactions for analysis of unit processes Specific learning outcome The mechanisms can be described in terms of electron shifts, Radical substitution vice versa of alkanes. The physical properties will be explained in terms of the intermolecular forces.
TOPICS NO Topics Hours 1 Introduction for Hydrocarbons 2 2 electronic orbitals of carbon compounds, saturated hydrocarbon compound,unsaturated compounds, aromatic compounds cyclic compound 10 3 cracking 4 4 Featured reactions: oxidation and combustion, added, replacement, nitrification halogenated. The Grignard reagent Friedel-Craft, Simon Smith, Swartz, polymerization 4 5 Halides: Halogenation operations hydrocarbon compound ways ionic or free radicals, added, replacement 4 6 Alcohols and phenols: hydrolysis processes for halides 6 7 Ethers: Williamson, operations, replacement 4 8 aldehyde and ketones 6 9 Featured reactions 4 10 Carboxylic acids and important derivatives 4 11 Featured reactions to form organic salts, esters, amino acids, amides 6 12 Amines and some important derivatives 6
GRADING No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates 1 Homework (HW), Quizzes(Q Theoretical 2 TEST 1 1 7.5 % 7.5 5 3 TEST 2 1 7.5 % 7.5 4 TEST 3 1 7.5 % 7.5 5 TEST 4 1 7.5 % 7.5 6 Final Exam (F) 1 50% 50 Theoretical Total 85
PRACTICAL No. Assessment Number % each % total Dates Report for all Experiences 5% 5 TEST 1 2.5% 2.5 TEST 2 2.5% 2.5 Final Exam 5% 5 Practical Total 15 Overall Total ( Theoretical + Practical) 100
Percentage of change: 20% Text Book: Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I and II, ELBS References: 1. Morrison & Boyd, Organic Chemistry, Prentice- Hall of India- 2. Bahl&Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand 3. Sony, P.L., Organic Chemistry, S. Chand
TU Examination Pattern (Maximum Marks -30) PART A: preparation the following compounds 6X1 mark-6 marks PART B: naming the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6 marks PART C:drow structure for the following compounds 6X1 mark -6marks PART D : defined the following compounds 6X1 mark- 6marks Part E : show the converter the following compounds 6X1 mark-6marks
HYDROCARBONS OBJECTIVES 1. What is organic chemistry? In general, how do organic compounds differ from inorganic compounds? 2. Why are there so many more organic compounds than inorganic compounds? 3. What are hydrocarbons? What structural features identify alkanes? Alkenes? Alkynes? Aromatic hydrocarbons? 4. How are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons named using IUPAC nomenclature? 5. What are the physical and chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons? objectives
OBJECTIVES 6. What is an alkyl group? 7. What are some products from reactions of alkanes? How are they formed? 8. What are the major reactions of alkenes? What are the products of those reactions? 9. What are polymers? How are they formed and utilized? 10. What is petroleum and how is it utilized?
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chemistry of compounds that contain carbon Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements 95% of compounds contain carbon Form stable, covalent bonds with each other
PROPERTIES Organic (Benzene) Low melting pts Low boiling pts Low solubility in water Highly flammable Nonconductive Covalent bonds Inorganic (NaCl) High melting pts High boiling pts Soluble in water Nonflammable Conductive Ionic bonds
HYDROCARBONS Compounds containing only two elements Carbon and hydrogen Alkanes: Structures and Names Objectives Identify an alkane Determine what an isomer of an alkane is Identify different types of alkanes
ALKANES Saturated Hydrocarbons Called saturated because each carbon is bonded to four other atoms Only single bonds Methane Ethane Propane
HOMOLOGY Related compounds Homologs Have properties that vary in a regular and predictable manner A manner of organization Similar to P.T.
ISOMERS Different compounds having the same molecular formula Butane Isobutane (isolated branched chain) Pentane Isopentane Neopentane
ISOMERS
ALKANES CnH2n+2 Representation Structural Formulas Condensed Structural Formulas Butane
ALKYL GROUP A group of atoms that results when one hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane CnH2n+1 Change ane ending to yl Methyl Ethyl Propyl
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE Define IUPAC Examine the rules for IUPAC naming Determine the correct names of alkanes Geneva, Switzerland 1892 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC System of Nomenclature (isobutane, isopentane are common names)
IUPAC RULES 1. Name the longest chain in the parent compound. End in ane. (Root name) Number each carbon See Example 2. Note the alkyl groups attached 3. Number the carbon that the group is attached to. Must use the lowest number possible. See Example
IUPAC RULES CON T 4. Use prefixes to indicate the amount of attached groups See Example 5. If there are more than two or more different substituents, list them in alphabetical order. If at equal points, lower alphabetical order given lowest number See Example
6. PREFIXES NOT INCLUDED IN ALPHABETIZING SEE EXAMPLE
NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
NAME EACH OF THE FOLLOWING a. 3-ethylhexane b. 2,4-dimethylpentane c. 3-methylhexane d. 4-isopropylheptane
DRAW THE STRUCTURAL FORMULAS FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING 4-propylheptane 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 3-isopropyl-3- methyloctane
PROPERTIES OF ALKANES Objectives Determine the physical and physiological properties of alkanes