Cir cuit s 212 Lab Lab #8 Two Port Networks Network parameters are used to characterize a device. Given the network parameters of a device, the voltage and current characteristics of the device can be known without knowing its physical make up. In this way, network parameters are like the Thevenin or Norton equivalent. There are many different types of network parameters: impedance parameters, admittance parameters, transmission parameters, hybrid parameters, and S-parameters. Each network parameter has advantages and disadvantages and the best parameters to use often depend on what the device is connected to. In this lab, we will measure the impedance parameters of two networks. Then we will connect the networks in series, parallel, and cascade and measure the impedance parameters of each configuration. Labs will be performed in groups of two or three students. Each person will turn in their own copy of the required work for the lab. This lab does not require simulations, so do not include the simulation section in your report. For this lab, one person from your group will need to check out the following from the EECS Shop. A probe kit (metal toolbox) A breadboard Wire strippers Parts List 3 1 [k ] Resistor 2 2 [k ] Resistor 1 3 [k ] Resistor Important For This Lab Only!!! For all measurements and calculations use the nominal values of the resistors in all parts of this lab. Do not measure the resistors. Assume that they are equal to their nominal values. You can use this lab handout to record data. For your report, use the handout given in the lab (which is the document you are currently reading) to record the values. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 1
Definitions Impedance Parameters Most useful for networks connected in series. Also known as -parameters. Can have any number of ports. Admittance Parameters Most useful for networks connected in parallel. Also known as Y-parameters. Can have any number of ports. Transmission Parameters Most useful for networks connected in cascade. Also known as ABCD-parameters. Limited to two ports. Hybrid Parameters Most useful for characterizing transistors. Also known as H- parameters. S-Parameters Used for high frequency applications (e.g. RF design). analyzers measure these parameters. Network Experiment 1. Measure Impedance Parameters of Device One (Day One) 1. Construct the network below: Figure 1 2. To measure 11 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC. Use the DC power supply to do this. b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open. c. Measure I1 into the device. V1 11 3. To measure 21 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open (should already be done). c. Measure I1 into the device. Also measure V2. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 2
f. 21 I 1 4. To measure 12 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC. b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open. c. Measure I2 into the device. Also measure V1. V1 12 5. To measure 22 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open (should already be done). c. Measure I2 into the device. 22 6. Convert your matrix to a Y matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook). This is for experiment four. 7. Convert your matrix to a T matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook). This is for experiment five. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 3
Experiment 2. Measure Impedance Parameters of Device Two (Day One) 1. Construct the network below: Figure 2 2. To measure 11 : a. V1 to 1 volt DC. Use the DC power supply to do this. b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open. c. Measure I1 into the device. V1 11 3. To measure 21 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open (should already be done). c. Measure I1 into the device. Also measure V2. 21 4. To measure 12 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC. b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open. c. Measure I2 into the device. Also measure V1. V1 12 5. To measure 22 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open (should already be done). c. Measure I2 into the device. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 4
f. 22 I 2 6. Convert your matrix to a Y matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook). This is for experiment four. 7. Convert your matrix to a T matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook). This is for experiment five. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 5
Experiment 3. Series Combination (Day One) 1. Construct the network below (note it is the same as the above two networks connected together in series): I1 I2 V1 V2 Figure 3 Note to TAs (students may disregard): This circuit has been approved by two professors. Do not mirror device two about the horizontal axis. If device two is mirrored to be correct you will effectively change the terminal characteristics of device two which voids the assumptions behind adding two matrices. When device two is correctly mirrored it shorts device two s positive terminals changing its terminal characteristics. For more information please see the italicized words on page 812 of the textbook. Due to the circuit symmetry the results are correct in this configuration. 2. To measure 11 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC. Use the DC power supply to do this. b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open. c. Measure I1 into the device. V1 11 3. To measure 21 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open (should already be done). c. Measure I1 into the device. Also measure V2. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 6
f. 21 I 1 4. To measure 12 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC. b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open. c. Measure I2 into the device. Also measure V1. V1 12 5. To measure 22 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open (should already be done). c. Measure I2 into the device. 22 6. Add the device one matrix with the device two matrix and see how well they compare to these measurements. (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook) Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 7
Experiment 4. Parallel Combination (Day Two) 1. Construct the network below (note it is the same as the above two networks connected together in parallel): Figure 4 2. To measure 11 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC. Use the DC power supply to do this. b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open. c. Measure I1 into the device. V1 11 3. To measure 21 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open (should already be done). c. Measure I1 into the device. Also measure V2. 21 4. To measure 12 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC. b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open. c. Measure I2 into the device. Also measure V1. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 8
V1 12 5. To measure 22 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open (should already be done). c. Measure I2 into the device. 22 6. Convert your matrix to a Y matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook) 7. Add the device one Y matrix with the device two Y matrix and see how well they compare to these measurements. (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook) Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 9
Experiment 5. Cascade Combination (Day Two) 1. Construct the network below (note it is the same as the above two networks connected together in series): Figure 5 2. To measure 11 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC. Use the DC power supply to do this. b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open. c. Measure I1 into the device. V1 11 3. To measure 21 : a. Set V1 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I2 to 0. Do this by leaving port two open (should already be done). c. Measure I1 into the device. Also measure V2. 21 4. To measure 12 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC. b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open. c. Measure I2 into the device. Also measure V1. V1 12 5. To measure 22 : a. Set V2 to 1 volt DC (should already be done). b. Set I1 to 0. Do this by leaving port one open (should already be done). c. Measure I2 into the device. Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 10
f. 22 I 2 6. Convert your matrix to a T matrix (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook) 7. Multiply the device one T matrix with the device two T matrix and see how well they compare to these measurements. Be very careful with the matrix multiplication. Matrix multiplication is generally NOT commutative. The order of multiplication is determined by the physical order of the devices in cascade. (Look in Section 16.5 of your textbook) Date Last Modified: 5/16/2013 12:08 PM 11