Middle School: Grades 6-8 Standards Connections for Labs Next Generation Science Standards Engineering Design Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a MS-ETS1-1 MS-ETS1-2 successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions. Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem. Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better MS-ETS1-3 meet the criteria for success. Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, MS-ETS1-4 or process such that an optimal design can be achieved Physical Science: Chemical Reactions Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances MS-PS1-2 interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred Physical Science: Forces and Interactions Ask questions about data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and MS-PS2-3 magnetic forces Physics of Roller Coasters Chemicals of Innovation DNA and Genetics Engineering for Earthquakes Simplicity of Electricity Green by Design Galactic Forces of Magnetism Conduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields MS-PS2-5 exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact Physical Science: Energy Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance MS-PS3-2 changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an MS-PS3-5 object changes,energy is transferred to or from the object Life Science: Structure, Function, and Information Processing
Conduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or MS-LS1-1 many different numbers and types of cells Use argument supported by evidence for how the body is a system of interacting subsystems MS-LS1-3 composed of groups of cells Earth and Space Science: History of Earth Construct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth's MS-ESS2-2 surface at varying time and spatial scales Analyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and MS-ESS2-3 seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions Earth and Space Science: Weather and Climate Ask questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have caused the rise in global temperatures MS-ESS3-5 over the past century Earth and Space Science: Human Impacts Analyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform MS-ESS3-2 the development of technologies to mitigate their effects Apply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on MS-ESS3-3 the environment Construct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and percapita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's systems MS-ESS3-4 Common Core Language Arts Speaking and Listening Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 6 topics, texts, and issues, building on others ideas and SL.6.1 expressing their own clearly Follow rules for collegial discussions, set specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles SL.6.1b as needed Pose and respond to specific questions with elaboration and detail by making comments that SL.6.1c contribute to the topic, text, or issue under discussion Review the key ideas expressed and demonstrate understanding of multiple perspectives through SL.6.1d reflection and paraphrasing Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 7 topics, texts, and issues, building on others ideas and SL.7.1 expressing their own clearly Follow rules for collegial discussions, track progress toward specific goals and dead-lines, and SL.7.1b define individual roles as needed Pose questions that elicit elaboration and respond to others questions and comments with SL.7.1c relevant observations and ideas that bring the discussion back on topic as needed. SL.7.1d Acknowledge new information expressed by others and, when warranted, modify their own views
Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others ideas and SL.8.1 expressing their own clearly Follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, track progress toward specific goals SL.8.1b and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed Pose questions that connect the ideas of several speakers and respond to others questions and SL.8.1c comments with relevant evidence, observations, and ideas Acknowledge new information expressed by others, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their SL.8.1d own views in light of the evidence presented. California Content Science Standards Grade 6: Earth Sciences Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic 6.1 events Students know evidence of plate tectonics is derived from the fit of the continents; the location of earthquakes, volcanoes, and midocean ridges; and the distribution 6.1.a of fossils, rock types, and ancient climatic zones Students know Earth is composed of several layers: a cold, brittle lithosphere; a hot, convecting 6.1.b mantle; and a dense, metallic core Students know lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans move at rates 6.1.c of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle Students know that earthquakes are sudden motions along breaks in the crust called faults and that volcanoes and fissures are locations where magma reaches 6.1.d the surface Students know major geologic events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, 6.1.e and mountain building, result from plate motions Students know how to explain major features of California geology (including 6.1.f mountains, faults, volcanoes) in terms of plate tectonics Students know how to determine the epicenter of an earthquake and know that the effects of an earthquake on any region vary, depending on the size of the earthquake, the distance of the region from the epicenter, the local geology, and 6.1.g the type of construction in the region Shaping Earth's Surface Students know earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and floods change 6.2.d human and wildlife habitats. Heat (Thermal Energy) (Physical Sciences) Students know energy can be carried from one place to another by heat flow or by 6.3.a waves, including water, light and sound waves, or by moving objects Students know heat flows in solids by conduction (which involves no flow of matter) and in fluids 6.3.c by conduction and by convection (which involves flow of matter).
Energy in the Earth System Students know the sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on Earth s 6.4.a surface; it powers winds, ocean currents, and the water cycle. Students know solar energy reaches Earth through radiation, mostly in the form of 6.4.b visible light Students know heat from Earth s interior reaches the surface primarily through 6.4.c convection 6.4.d Students know convection currents distribute heat in the atmosphere and oceans Resources Students know the utility of energy sources is determined by factors that are involved in converting these sources to useful forms and the consequences of the 6.6.a conversion process Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests, and know how to 6.6.b classify them as renewable or nonrenewable Investigation and Experimentation 6.7.a Develop a hypothesis Select and use appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, 6.7.b springscales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and 6.7.d oral presentations 6.7.e Recognize whether evidence is consistent with a proposed explanation Grade 7: Life Sciences Cell Biology 7.1.a Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, 7.1.b including chloroplasts and cell walls. Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and 7.1.c animal cells Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, 7.1.e which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes Genetics Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their 7.2.b genes from each parent. 7.2.c Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be identical, and one may be dominant in determining the 7.2.d phenotype while the other is recessive
Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living 7.2.e organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell Structure and Function in Living Systems Students know plants and animals have levels of organization for structure and 7.5.a function, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the whole organism Investigation and Experimentation Select and use appropriate tools and technology (including calculators, computers, balances, 7.7.a springscales, microscopes, and binoculars) to perform tests, collect data, and display data Communicate the logical connection among hypotheses, science concepts, tests 7.7.c conducted, data collected, and conclusions drawn from the scientific evidence Construct scale models, maps, and appropriately labeled diagrams to communicate scientific 7.7.d knowledge (e.g. motion of Earth's plates and cell structure) Communicate the steps and results from an investigation in written reports and 7.7.e oral presentations. Grade 8: Physical Sciences Focus Motion Students know position is defined in relation to some choice of a standard referencepoint and a 8.1.a set of reference directions Students know that average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed and that the speed of an object along the path traveled can 8.1.b vary 8.1.c Students know how to solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed Students know the velocity of an object must be described by specifying both the 8.1.d direction and the speed of the object Students know changes in velocity may be due to changes in speed, direction, or 8.1.e both Forces 8.2.a Students know a force has both direction and magnitude Students know when an object is subject to two or more forces at once, the result is 8.2.b the cumulative effect of all the forces Students know when the forces on an object are balanced, the motion of the object 8.2.c does not change 8.2.d 8.2.e 8.2.f Students know how to identify separately the two or more forces that are acting on a single static object, including gravity, elastic forces due to tension or compression in matter, and friction Students know that when the forces on an object are unbalanced, the object will change its velocity (that is, it will speed up, slow down, or change direction) Students know the greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to achieve the same rate of change in motion
Structure of Matter Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, 8.3.a neutrons, and electrons Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and that compounds have properties that are different from their 8.3.b constituent elements Students know how to use the periodic table to identify elements in simple 8.3.f compounds. Earth in the Solar System (Earth Sciences) Students know galaxies are clusters of billions of stars and may have different 8.4.a shapes. Students know that the Sun is one of many stars in the Milky Way galaxy and that 8.4.b stars may differ in size, temperature, and color Students know the appearance, general composition, relative position and size, and motion of objects in the solar system, including planets, planetary satellites, 8.4.e comets, and asteroids Reactions Students know reactant atoms and molecules interact to form products with 8.5.a different chemical properties Students know the idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: In chemical reactions the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are arranged, 8.5.b so their total mass stays the same 8.5.c Students know chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat. Chemistry of Living Systems (Life Sciences) 8.6.c Periodic Table 8.7.a 8.7.b 8.7.c Students know that living organisms have many different kinds of molecules, including small ones, such as water and salt, and very large ones, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA. Students know how to identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases Students know each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) and each isotope of the element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity Investigation and Experimentation 8.9.a Plan and conduct a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis. 8.9.b Evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of data
8.9.f Apply simple mathematic relationships to determine a missing quantity in a mathematic expression, given the two remaining terms (including speed=distance/time, density=mass/volume, force=pressure x area, volume= area x height)