NASA Small Bodies Advisory Group 18 January 2018 GOALS: Resource Utilization Amara L. Graps Planetary Science Institute / Baltics in Space graps@psi.edu
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An acronym note. Let us shift ISRU = In-Situ Resource Utilization to be: In-Space Resource Utilization 2
Survey Landscap e 3
Survey Landscap e Roadmap 4
Survey Landscap e 1 st Step Roadmap 5
Survey Landscap e Roadmap 1 st Step Next Step s 6
Survey Landscap e Roadmap 1 st Step Next Step s Almost There 7
Survey Landscap e Roadmap 1 st Step Next Step s Almost There Extraction / Processing / Construction Achieved 8
SBAG Jan 2018 Survey Landscap e Roadmap 1 st Step Next Step s Almost There Extraction / Processing / Construction Achieved 9
SBAG Jan 2018 Survey Landscap e many successful NIAC projects + asteroid/lunar science missions, new ISRU academic programs, Arkyd-6: launched, Prospector-x: near future 1 st RoadmapSteps Next Step s Almost There Extraction / Processing / Construction Achieved 10
SBAG Jan 2018 Survey Landscap e??? many successful NIAC projects + asteroid/lunar science missions, new ISRU academic programs, Arkyd-6: launched, Prospector-x: near future 1 st RoadmapSteps Next Step s Almost There Extraction / Processing / Construction Achieved 11
Roadmap 1 (2014) From John Lewis: Asteroid Mining 101 12
For: Roadmap SBAG? (2019-2020) 13
For Roadmap SBAG? (2019-2020) 14
Meanwhile, In 2016, this happened: 15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9k8cdn3jy8m 16
ASIME 2016 Survey Landscap e 17
(Graps) Service Offer of Workshop, Iterated and Approved in April 2016. http://europlanet-scinet.fi/index.php?id=asime16 18
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ASIME 2016 White Paper https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.00709 85 pages, 18 figures. 20
ASIME 2016 Science Knowledge Gaps 1. More studies are needed to map the classification of meteorites to asteroids. Presently the best-established link is between ordinary chondrites and S-type asteroids. We need more useful published literature about the bulk composition of meteorites to help make more accurate simulants. We need to understand the meteorite links to C- type asteroids. 2. Dedicated NEA discovery and follow-up instrumentation. The best observability conditions for a given NEA are typically offered around the discovery time (brightest). Need to run observations to characterize NEAs quickly after discovery; best possible with dedicated telescope(s). What is needed: A photometric telescope of a 2-3m class (to reach V ~ 21 with good S/N) available on short notice (for that the observations can be best taken right after discovery). To characterize one NEA, with full IR/vis spectral characterizations, but with 'proxies' or short-cuts to 'each NEO'. 21
ASIME 2016 Science Knowledge Gaps 3. An understanding of granular material dynamics in low-gravity. Before being sure that we have a robust understanding of the asteroid regolith and to seriously start some systematic material extraction / utilization programs, we must understand how this regolith with its properties responds to the envisage action, i.e. to understand granular material dynamics in low-gravity. Missions like AIDA, Hayabusa 2 and OSIRIS-REx can help. 4. Identifying the available low-delta-v (which are the objects with orbits similar to the Earth) targets are key. What is needed is a map of low delta-v, low synodic period and low-albedo NEOs as a a first-cut to fine-tune the target possibilities. 22
ASIME 2016 Science Knowledge Gaps 5. Determine if a NEO's dynamically predicted source regions is consistent with its actual physical characterizations. Knowing the asteroid s source region, and hence, it s orbital family characteristics, can enable a short-cut to characterize the small NEOs of that family which are difficult to measure spectrascopically. 6. For making useful asteroid regolith simulants, immediate needs are: adequate data on the particle sizing of asteroid regolith and sub-asteroid-regolith surface. How does the asteroid regolith vary with depth? If the NEOs have structure like comet nucleus 67P, then the NEO regolith is denser then the deep interior. 23
LU: Addressing SKGs, industry funding ASIME 2016 Survey Landscap e 2018 sometim Luxembourg e Roadmap 1 st Steps 24
Meanwhile, Back at SBAG 25
For Roadmap SBAG? (2019-2020) SBAG Jan 2018 Survey Landscape 26
A new SBAG ISRU Team. Say 6-10 Devoted Members from Here and Here Devoted = Volunteer (fortunately or unfortunately) 27
A new SBAG ISRU Team. I would like: Academia + Industry + Research Institutes + Government (LU?) + Space Agencies Age and Gender and Minority -balanced If interested: pm me (graps@psi.edu) Remember: Devoted 28
Meta-Goal: Focus the current, relevant SBAG Goals, in terms of the needs of the key ISRU companies. That s the why we need an SBAG ISRU section. That focusing will likely require a kind of survey. 29
ISRU Goals Team: Plan and Schedule. (from Swindle) a) For the January meeting, we want to have someone in place as the leader of the section with presentation and open discussion. For ISRU (I'm happy with the acronym now), I'd think it would be a little bit of what is in the current Goals document and a little bit of why it needs a separate section. b) At and right after the January meeting, we'd like to identify the people who will work on that section. It will be the leader's discretion who is actually on the group. c) By the June/July meeting, we'd like to have a draft of each section, so that we can post the draft on the website and have a presentation about it at the meeting. d) We'll have a period of 30 days or so after the meeting where we'll accept comments from the community. e) Sometime in the fall, we'd like to have the final version done, and post it on the website. f) In the January 2019 meeting, we'll discuss the final version as a part of the lead-in to pushing people and groups to do white papers for the Decadal Survey. We'll actually be talking about that along the way. 30
Graps Meta-Meta Goal: To Build an International ISRU Community to reach the nearly/never Finished Line. Requirement of such a Community: Focussing on Questions and Answers Mutual respect between Scientists and Industry Transparent Communication: Mailing lists and modern communication tools Open-Access Information including an Open-Access ISRU Journal. Shared Documents. Face-to-Face and Virtual Meetings Gender and Minority balanced IP respected 31
Next ASIME Apr 16-17, 2018, @ Univ of Luxembourg Abstracts due 9 March 2018 https://asime.uni.lu 32
ASIME 2018 In keeping with the Luxembourg government's initiative to support the future use of space resources, a second workshop following ASIME 2016 will be held at the University of Luxembourg on April 16-17, 2018: ASIME 2018. ASIME 2018 focuses on the 'asteroid composition' theme of the science knowledge gaps (SKGs) that emerged from the previous ASIME and goes deeper. The ASIME 2018 program is roughly these topics with these key speakers for each: 1st Day: Spectroscopic Observations from the Ground classic spectroscopy Julia de Leon Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias - IAC spectroscopy / near-ir Antonella Barucci Observatoire Paris-Site de Meudon mineralogy and water Humberto Campins University of Central Florida Andy Rivkin John Hopkins University asteroid shape linking taxonomy to dynamical asteroid class Benoît Carry Observatoire de la Côte d'azur 33
ASIME 2018 Round table lead at the end of the first day Alan Fitzsimmons Astrophysics Research Centre Workshop Dinner (provided) 2nd Day: Lab measurements then Space missions Queen's Univ Belfast Laboratory Measurements (Meteorites) Lydie Bonal University of Grenoble Composition, mineralogy Pierre Beck University of Grenoble Space Missions NEOWise Amy Mainzer JPL Hayabusa 2 Tomoki Nakamura Tohoku University OSIRIS-REx Dante Lauretta University of Arizona Hera (was AIM2) Patrick Michel Observatoire de la Côte d'azur Dawn Carol Raymond JPL Wrap-up: How to Improve Our Knowledge Simon Green Open University Workshop Dinner (provided) 34
ASIME 2018 We are aiming for 30 workshop participants plus n number of 'listeners'. The format will be long presentations and discussions. Outcomes The Outcomes will produce conclusions, as best we know today to asteroid mining company questions regarding asteroid composition. The asteroid composition questions will be asked to the asteroid mining companies and posted to the conference web site at least one month before the workshop starts. The questions will also be available in a Google Doc document for those experts who cannot make the workshop. The participants can think about those questions and have the topic in their minds when they present their own work. The questions/answers will then form either the next ASIME White Paper Reference document and/or a published journal article. 35
Thank You! 36