Module B Unit 5 Cell Growth and Reproduction Mr. Mitcheltree
DNA and Genetics
- The Cell and Inheritance Gene = group of codons that code for a specific protein Allele = alternate form of a gene A dominant, a recessive both code for the same trait, one from mom, one from dad Homologous pair one from each parent # 1-22, 23 rd is sex chromosomes female XX male - XY
Protein Synthesis
Transcription DNA code to mrna code occurs in nucleus
Translation : Genetic Code to Protein occurs in cytoplasm Active Art build a Protien reduce Power Point to Web
DNA Fantastic Song Crash Course Biology : Transcription and Translation
Asexual Reproduction Parent cell produces offspring genetically identical to parent. Offspring may look different due to environment. In single-celled organisms and simple animals called binary fission or budding.
Binary Fission vs. Budding
Crash Course Biology: DNA upstream -Cell Division -S Phase of the Cell Cycle 5 3 3 5 downstream DNA Replication:
- The Cell and Inheritance Gene = group of codons that code for a specific protein (order of AA s determines specific shape) Allele = alternate form of a gene A dominant, a recessive both code for the same protein, one from mom, one from dad Homologous pair one from each parent # 1-22, 23 rd is sex chromosomes female XX male - XY
Binary fission vs. Budding IPMAT
S Phase DNA as Chromatin in Nucleus Part of Interphase DNA Replicates Sister chromatids form during prophase and are attached at centromere. A A A a a a Centromere
- Cell Division
- Cell Division time of Liver cell Example of body cells that would divide faster? G2 Slower? G1 S
-Cell Cycle IPMAT
Prophase Nuclear Envelope Disappears Chromosomes Appear, Centrioles and spindle forms
Metaphase Chromosomes line up on equator. Spindle fibers from centrioles move chromosomes.
Anaphase Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to each pole by spindle fibers.
Telophase Cell begins to divide. (Cytokinesis) Nuclear envelope reforms Chromosomes back to chromatin. Furrow of Animal cell
Mitosis Rap Cytokenesis of Plant Cell Cellulose and lignin are laid down on each side of the cell plate forming a new cell wall at the end of cytokenesis
Sperm Pollen Ovule = male Egg 2 gametes parents Sexual reproduction = female - Many organisms produce both gametes (Ex: plants) and sexually reproduce themselves
2n Meiosis 4 n 2n multicellular organism Haploid Gametes 23 chromosomes All X Diploid 23 pairs = 46 fertilization 1 of each homolog from each parent = 23 pairs 2n Zygote Mitosis All cells genetically identical somatic stem cells specialize 2n Meiosis Diploid 23 pairs = 46 4 n Haploid Gametes 23 chromosomes 1/2 X, 1/2 Y
Allele = alternate form of a gene A = dominant a = recessive sex chromosomes determine sex of the offspring - XX = female - XY = male XX Meiosis 4 X XX Gametes Fertilization XY Meiosis 2 X XY 2 Y Gametes
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Disjunction Homologs separate and move randomly - crossing over may occur 2 homologous chromosome pairs carrying dominant and recessive genes A A a a A a A A a a Equator A A a a A A a a B b b b B B b b B B b b B B b b B B Diploid Parent Cell What else could have happened?
Meiosis Overview Equator A A b b A b A b A b A b A b A b B B a a a B a B a B a B 4 haploid gametes What else could have these been? a B a B
Chiasma Chromatids in a tetrad crossing over one cause of genetic change - mutation and variation
Random movement during disjunction and Crossing Over Variation of offspring In humans, 64 trillion combinations after fertilization 1 in every 1,200 to 1,500 bases different You have 50-100 new mutations from your parents most neutral (silent)
Study Island 6a Cell Growth and Reproduction 6b DNA and Genetics Crash Course Biology DNA Structure and Replication DNA, Hot Pockets, & The Longest Word Ever Mitosis: Splitting Up is Complicated Meiosis: Where the Sex Starts