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2nd Grade Plants 2015 11 24 www.njctl.org 2
Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section What are plants? Photosynthesis Pollination Dispersal 3
Lab: What do plants need? What do plants need to survive? In this lab, you will test whether or not plants need sunlight and water to survive. Today, you will set up this lab. 1. Fill out the questions on the first page. 2. Set up your plant. 3. Fill in the Before section of the Data Table. 4. Find a location for you plant in the classroom. 4
What are plants? Return to Table of Contents 5
What is a plant? When you think about a plant, what type of image pops into your mind? Draw pictures of your ideas below: 6
What is a plant? Below are some examples of plants and other living things. How are plants different from other living things? Write a list of ideas in the box. 7
What is a plant? Plants are: living things not able to move by themselves make their own food from sunlight 8
Plants All plants make their own food using energy from the sun. Remember back to the last unit. What is the name for organisms that make their own food? Click in the box to check your answer. Producers 9
1 Could plants survive without the sun? Yes No Answer 10
2 Plants are. A producers B herbivores C carnivores D decomposers Answer 11
3 The following statements describe the tree frog. Which statement also describes a plant? A The tree frog jumps from one place to another. B The tree frog eats insects. C The tree frog is a living thing. Answer D The tree frog has webbed feet. 12
Why are plants important? Can you imagine a world without plants? What would it be like to live on a world like that? Write your ideas in the box below. 13
Why are plants important? If Earth had no plants, we would not be able to live here! Plants use sunshine to make food. Some animals eat the plants for food. The koala bear eats eucalyptus leaves all day long. Would the koala bear survive without plants? 14
Why are plants important? How about the lion? It is a carnivore that eats other animals, like zebra and buffalo. Can the lion live without plants? Talk about this as a class and then move to the next slide for the answer. 15
Why are plants important? Lions do not eat plants. They eat zebras. But...zebras eat plants. If there were no plants, there would be no zebras and lions would have nothing to eat! So, yes, lions need plants to survive! 16
4 All organisms rely on plants. True False Answer 17
Why are plants important? Suppose that your little brother thinks that plants are weird and that they should all be removed from Earth. How can you explain to him that plants are important? 18
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Photosynthesis Return to Table of Contents 22
Lab: What do plants need? Analysis Class Data Table Group Color Height Other: Color Height Other: Light/ Water Light/No water No light/ water No light/ no water Before After 23
Lab: What do plants need? Analysis Look at the results from your plant experiment. What did you learn? What do plants need to grow? Write your answers below: 24
What do plants need to grow? Plants need 5 different things to grow. Label each need below. Labels: Water Soil Air Space Sun 25
What do plants need to grow? Plants need all of these things to grow. But why? Click in the boxes to find out. Sunshine, Water and Air Space Soil Plants need all of these to make their own food. Plants need space so that they have room to grow. Plants get vitamins, nutrients and water from the soil. 26
Photosynthesis The five needs of a plant can be traced back to the fact that they use the sun's energy to make their own food. This process is called photosynthesis. 27
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a long word to try to remember. Let's look at it one piece at a time. "photo" means light "synthesis" means to make So...plants use light to make their own food. 28
Photosynthesis Look at the picture below. Can you guess where photosynthesis takes place in a plant? Click on the picture to check your answer. Photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of plants! 29
Photosynthesis In photosynthesis, plants use: sunshine water carbon dioxide (a gas in the air) 30
Photosynthesis Click in each box to see where plants get everything they need to conduct photosynthesis. Can you guess each answer before you click? Need Sunshine Water Carbon dioxide Source 31
Photosynthesis In photosynthesis, plants produce: food oxygen (a gas in the air) 32
5 Photosynthesis means to use light to make food. True False Answer 33
6 Photosynthesis happens in the. A leaves B roots C flowers D anywhere in a plant Answer 34
7 The sun is not needed for photosynthesis. True False Answer 35
8 Which of the following is not needed for photosynthesis to happen? A carbon dioxide B sunshine C oxygen Answer D water 36
9 Where do plants get the water used in photosynthesis? A The stem absorbs it from the soil. B The roots absorb it from the soil. C The leaves absorb it from the air. D The roots absorb it from the air. Answer 37
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Napkin Nursery Now that you understand everything a plant needs to survive, it is your turn to try to grow a plant! Follow your teacher's directions to grow a napkin nursery. Teacher Notes 41
Pollination Return to Table of Contents 42
Plant Life Cycle Seed Germination Sprout Adult Plant We know that all plants begin their life as a seed. The seed germinates and grows into an adult plant. But where do seeds come from? Write your ideas below. 43
Where do seeds come from? The answer to this question has to do with the powdery, yellow stuff in the middle of this flower. Do you know what this is? Click the picture to check your answer. Pollen 44
Pollen Have you ever seen this yellow, dusty stuff from a flower? It is pollen! Pollen Do you or someone you know get runny noses and lots of sneezes in the spring? You are reacting to pollen. 45
Seeds Form in Flowers Seeds are formed in the flower. Pollen from one flower lands on another flower. Then, seeds can grow inside the flower. 46
Pollination The process of pollen moving from one flower to another is called pollination. Pollination 47
What if pollen lands on the wrong plant? Most of the time, nothing will happen. This happens frequently, especially if the pollen is blown by the wind. Seeds will only form when pollen lands on the same kind of flower. Pollination leads to new seeds. Pollination does not occur. 48
10 Pollen is important to make seeds. True False Answer 49
How Does Pollination Happen? In this field, suppose that the flower with the red arrow pollinates the flower with the green arrow. But...wait a second. Flowers can't move! How did the pollen get from one flower to another? 50
Pollination Wind Many plants rely on wind to blow pollen to other flowers. Although the wind will blow the pollen everywhere, some will land on other flowers. 51
Pollination Water This is a type of seagrass that grows underwater. How do you think pollination occurs among seagrasses? Click on the picture to check your answer. Pollen travels on water currents from one plant to another. 52
Pollination Wind & Water Think about how wind and water pollination work. Can you think of one negative thing about this type of pollination? Write your ideas below. 53
Pollination Wind & Water Wind and water move pollen everywhere. Some of the pollen finds other flowers but most of it does not. In order for wind and water pollination to work, a plant must produce A LOT of pollen. The air around this pine forest is filled with pollen. Source: US Forest Service www.fs.fed.us 54
11 Pollination is moving from flower to flower. A seeds B pollen C petals D water Answer 55
12 If a plant relies on wind to pollinate the flowers, does it need to make a lot of pollen? Yes No Answer 56
13 What happens when pollen lands on a different kind of flower? A Nothing happens. B Seeds form. C Incredible new plants form. Answer 57
Pollination Of all the flowering plants, only 10% of them use wind and water to move their pollen. What is another way that pollination can occur? Look at the picture below for a hint. 58
Pollination Animal When these animals visit flowers, pollen attaches to their bodies. When they visit a similar flower, some of this pollen drops onto the flower. Pollination occurs and a new seed can begin to grow. Can you see the pollen that has attached to this bee? 59
Pollination Animal In order for animal pollination to work, there needs to be a reason for the animals to visit the flowers in the first place. Can you think of a good reason? Click in the box to check your answer. Food 60
Pollination Animal Many flowers have sweet nectar that animals eat as food. Some animals visit flowers as they look for shelter or nest building materials. Click here to watch a video about pollination. 61
14 Most flowers use wind for pollination. True False Answer 62
15 Why do animals visit flowers? A They are looking for food. B They are looking for nest building materials. C They are looking for shelter. Answer D All of the above. 63
Pollinators There are 200,000 different animals that act as pollinators! This includes hummingbirds, bats, small mammals and insects. This hungry butterfly has pollen on its legs. When it goes to another flower for more food, the pollen fall off and pollinate the other flower. 64
Bees Bees eat both nectar and pollen. They can fly at 7 mph and beat their wings 190 per second! Pollen sticks to the bees' legs as they travel from flower to flower. 65
Butterflies and Moths Butterflies and moths have long, straw like mouths. They are able to suck nectar from flowers with long tubes. 66
Hummingbirds Hummingbirds have long beaks. They are able to pollinate long, tube shaped flowers. 67
Bats Some bats eat nectar. They are nocturnal and are attracted to flowers that bloom during the night, such as cactus flowers. Source: US Forest Service www.fs.fed.us 68
Plants Need Pollinators Plants cannot survive with pollinators. Why not? Click below to check your answer. Plants need help getting their pollen from one flower to another. Without pollination, seeds would not be produced and there would be no plants on Earth. 69
Plants Attract Pollinators Plants can call the animals they need without voices! Do you know how they attract their pollinators? 70
Plants Attract Pollinators Plants attract pollinators by having bright colors and sweet scents. Many pollinators can smell a flower from a long distance. 71
Flowers Match Their Pollinators This long narrow flower is perfect for a hummingbird's tongue to get nectar. This flower blooms at night. It is large enough for a bat's head to fit. It also hangs upside down, which bats prefer. It is very fragrant to attract bats in the dark. 72
Pollinators Plants are used for food, spices, medicines and building materials. Without pollinators, we would not have any of these! Click below to watch a beautiful video about pollinators. How many different types of pollinators do you see in the video? Make a list. Which pollinator fascinated you the most in the video? 73
16 A flower is long and narrow. It has lots of nectar and blooms during the day. It is probably pollinated by a. A hummingbird B mouse C bat Answer D bee 74
17 Plants that are pollinated by animals make less pollen than plants pollinated by wind. True False Answer 75
18 Beetles are an important pollinator group. The flowers they pollinate need to be large enough for them to walk across. Which one of the flowers below could be pollinated by a beetle? A B Answer C D 76
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Design a Model: Pollination Can you design a model to transfer pollen from flower to flower? Use your critical thinking and creativity skills! 81
Dispersal Return to Table of Contents 82
Imagine......an apple tree, full of apples. This tree has 10 apples. If each apple has 5 seeds, how many seeds in all? Click the apple to check your answer. 50 83
Imagine... If all the apples fell straight down and all of the seeds became trees, what do you think would happen? Would all of the apples be able to grow into trees. Think about why or why not. 84
Imagine... Plants need the sun to reach their leaves. If they grew in the shade of the big tree, they would not get any sunshine. They would have to compete for water and nutrients in the soil, too. These apples would not survive because they would not have enough space. 85
Seeds Need to Move If seeds cannot grow right next to the parent plant, how can seeds move away from the parent? Think about it as a class and write your ideas below. 86
Dispersal Wind, water and animals move the seeds. When seeds move away from a parent plant, it is called dispersal. These dandelion seeds are dispersed by wind. They are carried on the wind far from the parent plant. 87
19 Plants need space to grow. True False Answer 88
20 Dispersal means. A to gather together B to spread out C to leave untouched Answer 89
Dispersal Wind Seeds dispersed by wind are shaped to catch the wind. Maple Tumbleweed The structure of each of these seeds allows it to be blown by the wind. Can you describe how each structure does this? 90
Dispersal Wind Look at this one dandelion seed. How does its structure allow it to be dispersed by the wind? Click here to watch a dandelion change from a flower to a seed head. 91
Dispersal Water Some seeds float away from the parent plant. Mangrove trees grow along the coast. Mangrove seeds can float across an ocean. When they reach land, they sprout immediately. 92
Dispersal Plants have developed some interesting ways to disperse their seeds. Click below to watch a video about different types of dispersal. This exploding cucumber explodes, squirting seeds everywhere! 93
21 These seeds are most likely dispersed by. A wind B water Answer 94
22 These seeds are hollow and can float. They are most likely dispersed by. A wind B water Answer 95
Animal Dispersal There are many ways animals disperse seeds. Some seeds stick to fur. When the animals walk away, they carry the seeds. 96
Animal Dispersal Although we think fruit is a delicious food, it is actually a seed! Plants grow seeds that are inside of sweet fruit. When animals eat the fruit, the seeds come out in the animal's waste, far from the parent plant. 97
Animal Dispersal Some plants put the seed in a very hard shell. We call these nuts. Animals that eat nuts often carry them away to eat in safety. They bury nuts, and forget about them later. These can grow into nut trees. 98
23 This peach has one seed in a hard case surrounded by sweet fruit. It is dispersed by. A wind B water C animals Answer 99
24 Plants need. A sunshine B open space C water Answer D all of the above 100
25 Many plants need animals to complete their life cycle. True False Answer 101
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Lab: How do seeds travel? In this lab, use your observation skills to determine how each type of seed will disperse. 106