Collaborating on Mega Science Facilities Barry Barish Caltech LIGO Livingston, Louisiana NEON Workshop Tucson 13-April-09
Big Science at NSF? Advancements in science» Individual Investigators The heart of the NSF program» Large Infrastructure Support Polar Program Complex management International treaty International participation» Large Science Projects LIGO Large Collaboration 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 2
Auger Experiment Origin of the highest energy cosmic rays? Argentina 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 3
ALMA Project Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of up to 80 high-precision antennas Argentina 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 4
Ice Cube Project Neutrino Astrophysics Investigating astrophysical sources emitting ultra high energy neutrinos South Pole 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 5
The Global Projects --- LHC 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 6
The Global Projects --- ILC International Linear Collider 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 7
Small Science - Big Science 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 8
Large-scale Science Project Must mix small science culture with big science culture» Conception & Design small science leads» Planning big science leads» Execution big science leads Solve technical problems small science crucial» Transition to science usage transition towards small science 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 9
Newton s Theory instantaneous action at a distance G µν = 8πΤ µν Einstein s Theory information carried by gravitational radiation at the speed of light 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 10
The Concept free masses h = strain amplitude of grav. waves h = ΔL/L ~ 10-21 L = 4 km ΔL ~ 10-18 m Laser Interferometer laser 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 11
The Concept - Interferometry Laser used to measure relative lengths of two orthogonal arms causing the interference pattern to change at the photodiode Arms in LIGO are 4km Measure difference in length to one part in 10 21 or 10-18 meters As a wave passes, the arm lengths change in different ways. 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 12
LIGO Project phases Define Science Goals (community support) Define Concept - R&D Determine baseline (science requirements) Design stage I concept or reference Design stage II engineering Baseline the design (cost, schedule, PM) Industrialization Performance - earn value, quality Integration 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 13
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Break down all work to complete the project» Include all physical deliverables, subsystems» Include R&D, design, prototyping, fabrication, assembly, installation, acceptance testing leading to a deliverable product» Include administration, system engineering, purchasing, reporting not directly related to deliverable products» Break work down to 5-8 levels from top when mature Organize work to support deliverables If work will involve major contracts, represent them in the WBS Write out a WBS dictionary and maintain it 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 14
LIGO Work Breakdown Structure 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 15
A Cost Estimate 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 16
Summary integrated schedule 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 17
LIGO Project phases Define Science Goals (community support) Define Concept - R&D Determine baseline (science requirements) Design stage I concept or reference Design stage II engineering Baseline the design (cost, schedule, PM) Industrialization Performance - earn value, quality Integration End Game - done & broke together 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 18
(%Contingency used)/(% Project complete) 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 19
LIGO Hanford Washington 4 km 2 km 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 20
LIGO Livingston, Louisiana 4 km 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 21
Sensitivity Entering S5 Rms strain in 100 Hz BW: 0.4x10-21 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 22
LIGO Lab Organization 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 23
LIGO Lab Organization 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 24
LIGO Lab Flat Organization 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 25
LIGO Laboratory Charter 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 26
LIGO Organization & Support DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OPERATION SCIENCE Detector R&D LIGO Laboratory MIT + Caltech ~140 people Director LIGO Science Collaboration 50 member institutions > 500 scientists Spokesperson UK Germany Japan Russia India Spain Australia $ National Science Foundation 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 27
Why a Scientific Collaboration? All scientists participate on equal footing in the science» LIGO Lab scientists and University scientists all do science through the collaboration Provide enabling and collaborating mechanisms to carry out research Governance is well documented, determined by the collaboration, updated periodically 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 28
LIGO Scientific Collaboration Bylaws 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 29
LIGO : Lessons Learned Large collaborations require some level of organization and organizational principles Individuality can and should thrive within large science research The scientists should organize how they do their research, have access to data, present results, etc One size does not fit all!! 14-April-09 NEON Workshop 30