Cavity QED in the Reime of Stron Couplin with Chip-Based Toroidal Microresonators Barak Dayan, Takao oki, E. Wilcut,. S. Parkins, W. P. Bowen, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala, and H. J. Kimble California Institute of Technoloy
Cavity QED: Enineerin coherent interactions between sinle atoms and sinle photons ~ 40μ 2 π 40MHz Hdipole = d E = ~ Mode Volume E 2 The coherent couplin rate dv
Stron Couplin The coherent couplin rate: = d E 0 = d 2ε V 0 The dissipation rates: 1/T Stron Couplin : >> γ, κ, 1/Τ Microcavity Hih Finesse Cold toms
Cavity QED with Fabry-Perot Resonators Mirror substrates MOT 3 mm
Cavity QED with Fabry-Perot Resonators Sinle Photon Generation On Demand J. McKeever,. Boca, D. Boozer, R. Miller, J. Buck,. Kuzmich, & HJK, Science 303, 1992 (2004) Ω 3,4 Cavity QED by the Numbers J. McKeever, J. R. Buck,. D. Boozer & HJK, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 143601 (2004) Probe Transmission 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 atoms 3 atoms 4 atoms 2 atoms 1 atom 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Time [sec] 0.8 1.0 Photon Blockade K. M. Birnbaum,. Boca, R. Miller,. D. Boozer, T. E. Northup & HJK, Nature 436, 87 (2005) PD 1 yz (2) (τ ) 2.0 1.5 1.0 i 1 (t) 0.5 PD 2 i 2 (t) 0.0-1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 τ (μs)
Scalability?
Possible lternatives lobal perspective Sinle atoms coupled to diverse resonators Spillane et al., PR 71, 013817 (2005) Ultra-hih-Q toroid microcavity, K. Vahala, Nature 424, 839 (2003)
Toroidal Microresonators d D Major diameter D = 44 μm Minor diameter d = 6 μm
Toroidal Microresonators for Cavity QED Cesium atom
Toroidal Microresonators for Cavity QED D. W. Vernooy, V. S. Ilchenko, H. Mabuchi, E. W. Streed & HJK, Opt. Lett. 23, 247 (1998) Q measured 8 10 Q 10 9 10 projected Couplin to Micro-Toroidal Resonators with Tapered Optical Fibers S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenber, O. J. Painter, & K. J. Vahala, PRL 91, 043902 (2003) Monolithic, Mass-produced Ideality ~ 99.97%
Toroidal Microresonators for Cavity QED Provide a realistic pathway to quantum networks with stron couplin and hih intrinsic efficiency for input/output operations Quantum channel - transport and distribute quantum entanlement Quantum node - enerate, process, store quantum information
Caltech Quantum Optics Group H. Jeff Kimble Visitor:. Scott Parkins
Welcome to the Toroids cqed Lab. Scott Parkins Warwick Bowen Barak Dayan Liz Wilcut Takao oki Micro-toroids - Professor K. Vahala Tobias Kippenber
The Experiment Probe beam Tapered fiber
The Experiment Probe beam Tapered fiber
The Experiment Probe beam SPCM1 50/50 splitter SPCM2
The Experimental Setup MOT PGC tom Countin Probe Scan (Hih&Low Power) Repump MEMS
The Experimental Setup
The Experiment? Probe beam SPCM1 50/50 splitter SPCM2
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity P out P in κ ex C κ i
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity P out P in κ ex C M. Cai et al., PRL 85, 74 (2000) κ i Critical couplin condition P out κ ex = κ i P out ( = c ) = 0 κ ex
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity b a X2 H / = a a b C C b C
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity b a h X2 H / = a a b C C b h ( a b b a) C
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity = ( a b) 2 B = ( a b) 2 B 2h H / ( ) ( ) h h B B = C C C
Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity b a X3 H / = Ca a Cb b C= Α
( ) = b b a a a b b a h b b a a H TW TW TW TW C C * * / ( ) ikr TW TW e z f, 0 ρ = a b C Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity 0 TW h X3
December 2006 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B B i B B h h H B C C = / ( ) ( ) ) sin(, 2 ) cos(, 2 0 0 kr z f kr z f TW B TW ρ ρ = = C Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity 0 2 TW B X3
December 2006 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) B B i B B h h H B C C = / ( ) ( ) ) sin(, 2 ) cos(, 2 0 0 kr z f kr z f TW B TW ρ ρ = = C Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity kr ± mπ = 0 B X3
2 2 = = Y X C Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity ( ) ( ) ( ) B B h Y Y h X X h H C TW C TW C = 0 0 2 2 / B X Y 0 2 TW kr ± mπ = 0 B 2h
2 2 = = B Y B X C B Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity ( ) ( ) ( ) Y Y h X X h h H TW C TW C C = 0 0 2 2 / π mπ kr ± = 2 1 2h 0 2 TW X Y
2 2 = = C Y C X C Theoretical model for toroidal microcavity ( ) ( ) ( ) Y Y X X D D H TW C TW C C = 0 0 2 2 / D X Y 0 2 TW π mπ kr ± = 4 1 B
Sinle atom transit P out P out C P out ( = C ) t
Sinle atom transit P out P out C P out ( = C ) t
Experimental Results: Sinle tom Transits Takao oki, Barak Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen,. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala & H. J. Kimble, Nature 443, 671 (2006) Critical Couplin P out = 0 P in with atoms Extinction > 99.5% without atoms (24,000 data points)
Experimental Results: Sinle tom Transits Historams of photon counts per 2μs time bin
Experimental Results: Sinle tom Transits verae # of events (C 6) in 1ms 3 mm 10 mm
Temporal profile of sinle atom transit Cross correlation of two SPCMs
Observation of sinle atoms coupled to the cavity Stron couplin reime?
Detunin Dependence of Transit Events P out C
Measurin the coherent couplin rate m 0
Measurin the coherent couplin rate e 0
Detunin Dependence of Transit Events Takao oki, Barak Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen,. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala & H. J. Kimble, Nature 443, 671 (2006)
Detunin Dependence of Transit Events Takao oki, Barak Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen,. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala & H. J. Kimble, Nature 443, 671 (2006)
Detunin Dependence of Transit Events Takao oki, Barak Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen,. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala & H. J. Kimble, Nature 443, 671 (2006) 0m / 2π = (50 12) MHz >> (γ, κ) / 2π = (2.6, 18) MHz
Detunin Dependence of Transit Events Takao oki, Barak Dayan, E. Wilcut, W. P. Bowen,. S. Parkins, T. J. Kippenber, K. J. Vahala & H. J. Kimble, Nature 443, 671 (2006) 0e / 2π = (40 10) MHz >> (γ, κ) / 2π = (2.6, 18) MHz
Summary We have observed transits of sinle atoms throuh the evanescent field of the microtoroidal cavity. From the dependence of sinle atom transit events on the atom-cavity detunins, we have determined 0m / 2π = 50 MHz. Stron couplin reime Future plans: Probin the sidebands, Trappin sinle atoms in the cavity mode