5th IAEA-TM on EP September 5-10, 2011 Austin, Texas M.Osakabe, T.Itoh1, K. Ogawa3,4, M. Isobe1,2, K. Toi1,3, T.Ido1,3, A. Shimizu1, S. Kubo1,3, K.Nagaoka1, Y.Takeiri1,2 and LHD experiment group 1National Institute for Fusion Science 2Department of Fusion Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies 3Dept. of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University 4JSPS Research Fellow
1. Introduction Background and motivation Energetic-particle induced GAMs in toroidal devices. Energetic particle induced GAM on LHD 2. Experimental results LHD & experimental apparatus Energetic particle induced n=0 mode associated with neutral flux on LHD. 3. SUMMARY
Zonal Flow(ZF) and Geodesic Acostic Mode(GAM) get much attention recently, since it could be a knob to regulate turbulence in plasmas and to reduce anomalous transport. Energetic-particle(EP) induced GAMs are observed in several toroidal devices, such as JET, DIIID and LHD. Effect of GAMs on the energetic particle behaviors needs to be investigated. Recently, an influence of EP induced GAM was observed on LHD. The influence of EP induced GAMs on bulk ions as well as on energetic particles needs to be investigated.
JET: Global GAM H.L.Berk, et.al., Nucl. Fusion 46, S888 C.J.Boswell, et.al., Phys. Lett. A, 358, 154 DIIID: Energetic-particle-induced GAM (EGAM) R.Nazikian, PRL 101, 185002 G.Y.Fu, PRL 101, 185002 LHD: K.Toi: 22 nd IAEA-FEC, EX P8-4 T.Ido : 23 rd IAEA-FEC JET
Energetic particle induced GAM on LHD Co-ECCD T.Ido, et.al., HIBP p = 1/q Rotational transform (by MSE) Co-ECCD 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Time (s) Upward-shift of the frequency in monotonic shear plasmas. Constant at the GAM frequency in reversed shear plasmas.
n = 0 [HIBP] n = 1 Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs) T.Ido, et.al. n~ e /n e [HIBP] GAM frequency 7 T 1 e T f 4 GAM 2 R M 0 i i G ~ B p [Mirnov coil] f n = 0 T e (In this experiment, Ti < Te.) These modes(n=0, 1) are not observed in plasmas without tangential NBI.
Heliotron configuration of l=2/m=10 field period All superconducting coil system Plasma major radius 3.42-4.1 m Plasma minor radius 0.6 m Plasma volume 30 m 3 Toroidal field strength 0.4~2.9 T The confining magnetic fields are externally applied on LHD. Thus, it is free from disruptions. Combining this feature with the high-energy N-NBI and high-power gyrotrons, LHD could be a good plat home of exploring high-energy particle physics.
Standard B t -direction N-NB(co) FIR-Interferometer N-NB(counter) H measurement N-NB(counter) Mirnov-coils E//B-NPA Thomson scattering Heating Facility: N-NBI:180keV/5MW x3 P-NBI: 40keV/6MW x2 ECH: 77GHz/1MW x3 84GHz/0.3MW 168GHz/ Diagnostics: Tangential E//B-NPA. Measurement of high energy ions and bulk ions. Mirnov-coils: Toroidal x6ch, Helical x13ch E//B-NPA
Thanks to the collaboration with PPPL Passive measurement. Measureable energy range is 0.5 200 [kev] for Hydrogen. Time resolution of up to 0.25ms is possible by counting mode, and ~5s is possible to current mode. Installed at tangential port and its sight H 0 line locates 10cm below the mid-plane. Thus, inner most observable location is limited to r/a =0.16 Gas cell r/a 1.5 1.0 0.5 E//B-NPA Line of sights for R axis =3.75m configuration 180 150 120 90 60 30 Pitch Angle [deg.] MCP x 3 Magnet E,B 0.0 0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 distance from port [m]
The typical initial frequencies are 50-70kHz and their frequencies chirp-up during their mode activity activities. No significant increase of Hsignals were observed. Typical estimated slowingdown time is ~8[s] at the core. Te[keV], n e [x10 17 m -3 ] 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 T e n e 10.0 se /2 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 1.2 r/a se /2 [s]
n e ~8x10 17 n e ~7x10 17 n e ~1.5x10 18 Up-sweeping n=0 mode NOT observed during ECH-only phase Up-sweeping n=0 mode disappears quickly after ECH turn-off.
Phase [deg.] Phase [deg.] 360 270 180 90 0-90 -180 Toroidal/#94839@t=1.7983s n=0-270 -360 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360 [deg.] 360 270 180 90 0-90 -180 Poloidal/#94839@t=1.7983s m=2 m=1-270 -360-180-135-90 -45 0 45 90 135 180 [deg.] The initial frequency of the mode is much smaller than expected n=0 GAE frequencies (f>500khz).
Freq. [khz] 100 10 a) Te(0) 1/2 Ido, et.al. #94834 #94839 #94839 with N-Flux increase 1 10 T e (0) [kev] f b0 (=v b0 /2R)[kHz] One has the Te 0.5 -dependence of its mode frequency. This mode can be considered to be similar to the energetic particle induced GAM on LHD. 100 80 60 40 20 b) R=3.75m, =0.35 0 0 50 100 150 200 Energy [kev] E NB inj. The other mode has weak dependence of its mode frequency on Te. The mode frequency is larger than the usual GAM mode and is close to the orbital frequency of the NB produced energetic particles. Neutral flux increase was observed for both cases.
The mode grows very quickly at its initial phase ( eff =~4.6x10 3 [s -1 ]). The ion temperature starts to increase when the mode amplitude reaches a certain value (~2x10-2 [a.u.]), and the effective growth rate of the mode decreases ( eff =~2.3x10 2 [s -1 ]), simultaneously. When the mode frequency reaches to a certain frequency close to the orbital frequency of the energetic particle produced by the NB, the mode amplitude starts to decrease gradually ( eff =~ -69 [s -1 ]). NeutralFlux [a.u.] T [kev] i Neutral flux [a.u.] Frequency [khz] 10 23 10 22 10 21 10 20 10 19 10 18 200 150 100 0 2.00 a) t=2.5ms 1.79128s 1.79378s 1.79628s 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 Energy[keV] 50 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 10 23 10 22 10 21 10 20 10 19 10 18 b) c) d) 1.1keV 2.2keV 3.9keV T i -fit 5.1keV 7.6keV 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 Peak Amplitude [a.u.] 10 17 1.790 1.795 1.800 1.805 1.810 time[sec]
At low density intensive EC heated LHD plasmas, energetic particle induced n=0/m=1 modes being associated with the flux increase of low energy neutrals are observed. The modes can be categorized into two type. The one has Te 0.5 dependence of its frequency and is considered as energetic particle induced GAM. The other has weak Te dependence of its frequency. The frequency is almost constant at around the orbital frequency of the NBproduced fast-ions. For both modes, the neutral flux increase was observed at the energy ranges close to the bulk ions. The temporal behavior of the mode and the neutral flux indicates an anomalous heating or radial transport of bulk ions by the n=0 mode.