Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng l. 4, N., ec., ages: 7-3 hp://jape.uma.ac.r A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer E. Babae*,. Ahmadzadeh Faculy f Elecrcal and mpuer Engneerng, Unversy f abrz, abrz, ran. Absrac- n hs paper, a new srucure fr buck-bs Z-surce cnverer based n Z-H plgy s prpsed. he prpsed cnverer cnsss f w newrks smlar he cnvennal Z-surce and Z-H cnverers. One f he characerscs f he prpsed srucure s ha, whu any changng n s pwer crcu, can be used n dfferen cnversns such as dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac. hs unque characersc f he prpsed srucure s smlar marx cnverers. use hs srucure n dfferen cnversns jus cnrl sysem shuld be changed. Oher man advanages f he prpsed cnverer are smpler plgy, sep-up and sep-dwn capables and lw rpple n vlage and curren wefrms. ue capables f he prpsed cnverer menned abve, can be used n applcans such as cnnec renewable energy surces he grd, speed cnrl f nducn machnes, elecrc vehcles and ec. n hs paper, a cmplee analyss f he prpsed cnverer n dc/dc cnversn wh deals and mahemacal equans s presened. Mrever, fr he prpsed plgy, he rpple f nducrs and capacrs s gven. A suable cnrl mehd s presened,. Als, he pwer lsses and effcency f he prpsed cnverer are calculaed. he crrecness peran f he prpsed cnverer s recnfrmed by he expermenal resuls. Keywrd: Buck-bs dc/dc cnverer, newrk, h-hrugh ( sae, Z-H cnverer, Z-surce nverer.. NROUON he cnvennal vlage surce cnverers are exensvely used n ndusry. Neverheless, hey he her wn cncepual and herecal lmans. he vlage surce nverers are sep-dwn fr dc/ac cnversn and sep-up fr ac/dc cnversn. ban a desred ac upu vlage, n cndns whch verdrve requres and he alable dc vlage s lmed, an addnal dc/dc bs cnverer s necessary. s nceable ha he addnal pwer cnverer decreases effcency and ncreases sysem cs. he upper and lwer devces f each phase leg cann be gaed n smulaneusly because f ccurrng a sh-hrugh and desrucng he devces. Besdes, he cnvennal curren surce cnverers he her wn cncepual and herecal lmans. he curren surce nverers are sep-up fr dc/ac cnversn and sep-dwn fr ac/dc cnversn. n curren surce cnverers, a leas ne f he upper and lwer devces has be gaed n. f n, an pen crcu f he dc nducr ccurs and desrys he devces. Receved: 5 May 5 Revsed: 5 Nv. 5 and 5 Apr. Acceped: Aug. rrespndng auhr: E-mal: e-babae@abrzu.ac.r (E. Babae Unversy f Mhaghegh Ardabl. All rghs reserved. n Ref. [], a Z-surce cnverer has been presened vercme he prblems f he cnvennal vlage surce and curren surce cnverers. Als, he cnrl mehd f Z-surce cnverer fr dc/ac, ac/dc, ac/ac and dc/dc cnversns has been prvded. he man crcu f Z-surce cnverer cnnecs by w mpedance surce newrks ( newrks n X shape he dc surce, lad r anher cnverer. n he cnvennal vlage surce and curren surce cnverers, a capacr and nducr are used, respecvely. Hence, he unque feaures n Z-surce cnverer d n exs n hem. he Z-surce cncep can be appled all dc/ac [], ac/dc [3], ac/ac [4], and dc/dc [5] cnversns. Up nw, several mdfed WM cnrl echnques fr a Z-surce nverer he been presened n rder gan smple mplemenan, lw devce sress and less cmmuan per swchng cycle. he WM and WM mdulan echnques fr -level hree-phase H-brdge plges are exensvely used. n addn, her mehds f mdulan wll be descrbed as fllws: me f snusdal WM (WM mdulan echnques are smple bs cnrl [, ], maxmum bs cnrl and maxmum bs cnrl wh hrdharmnc njecn [, 7], cnsan bs cnrl and cnsan bs cnrl wh hrd-harmnc njecn [8, 9]. n [], sme f WM mdulan echnques he been cmpared n erms f he vlage gan. n smple bs cnrl mehd, sh-hrugh saes creaed fr
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer 8 sep-up vlage. creae sh-hrugh saes, a carrer rangular sgnal s cmpared he hree phase snusdal reference sgnal and w sragh lnes. sadvanage f hs mdulan echnque s ha when he sh-hrugh range ncreases, he mdulan ndex decreases. Als, fr he applcan whch needs a hgher vlage bs, he devce rang s ncreased. n [], fr slvng hs ssue, maxmum bs cnrl and maxmum bs cnrl wh hrd-harmnc njecn mehds he been presened. Maxmum bs cnrl mehd n cmparsn wh smple bs cnrl mehd ncreases he bs facr range. Neverheless, he sh-hrugh me nervals are varable n hs mehd. Hence, lw-frequency rpple generaes n he capacr vlage and nducr curren. hs ssue causes ncreasng sze and cs f he newrk cmpnens. slve hese prblems, he maxmum cnsan bs cnrl and cnsan bs cnrl wh hrd-harmnc njecn mehds he been prpsed [7, 8]. n hese cnrl mehds, he maxmum bs facr acheves and he me nervals f sh-hrugh saes are cnsan whch elmnaes he lw-frequency harmnc cmpnen n he newrk. Anher effcen mdulan echnque fr cnvennal nverer plges s space vecr pulse wdh mdulan (WM cnrl mehd. n hs cnrl mehd, he cmmuan me f swches and he harmnc f he upu vlage/curren are effcacusly reduced. Als, he vlage sress and swchng lss decreased because f he suable dc-lnk vlage. hese unque characerscs n WM cnrl mehd can be appled fr varus Z-surce cnverers. shuld be ned ha, fr keepng he advanages f WM cnrl mehd n he Z-surce cnverers, he shhrugh swchng sae shuld crrecly nsered n he swchng cycle whu any change n he vl-sec balance. n [-4], sme f he WM echnques he been presened fr Z-surce plges. By creang w new mdfcans n WM cnrl mehd, expermens and perfrmance analyss he been presened [5, ]. n addn, mdfed WM echnques he been gven reduce he cmmn mde vlage and currens fr phvlac sysems [7, 8] and mr drves [9]. n [], a swched-nducr Z-surce nverer plgy usng w baeres has been presened. hs nverer s capable f ncreasng he upu vlage level n cmparsn he her srucures f Z-surce nverer n lwer duy cycle. As a resul, he presened plgy s mre effecve n mprvemen f he upu pwer qualy. n [], a srucure fr quas-z-surce nverers based n he cmbnan f swched nducrs and ransfrmers has been presened. n he presened nverer, he hgh vlage gan s acheved by ncreasng he ra f he ransfrmer and he number f swched nducr cells ha can reduces effcency. n [], reach hgh vlage gan wh hgh effcency, a new plgy fr bs Z-surce nverer based n swched-nducr cell has been presened. Hng cmmn earh beween he npu surce and nverer and capably generae hgher vlage gan by usng lwer amun f he duy cycles are sme advanages f he presened Z-surce nverer. n [3], a plgy fr half-brdge swched bs Z-surce nverer has been presened. he presened half-brdge nverer uses mre acve elemens raher han capacrs and nducrs n cmparsn wh he cnvennal half-brdge Z-surce nverer ha resuls n reducn f wegh, sze and cs. Mrever, he presened nverer has he capably f elmnang nverer leg shr crcu ssues and s able furher ncrease he upu vlage level n cmparsn wh s cnvennal ypes. n Z-surce cnverers, a dde r a swch s essenal precedng f he newrk. hs dde (r swch creaes dscnnuy n he curren. hs ssue creaes an unwaned peran mde n durng he nnsh-hrugh swchng sae. Mrever, hs dde (r swch prevens he reverse curren. Hence, hese cnverers are appled nly when here s n need fr energy reurn npu surce [4, 5]. n [5], a Z-H cnverer has been presened by usng he cncep f Z- surce cnverer. n he srucure f Z-H cnverer als used a newrk bu s dfferen n erms f cnnecn. ha, he newrk f he Z-H cnverer has w prs n s' npu and fur prs n s' upu. w npu prs f he newrk are cnneced w prs f he npu surce, and s' fur upu prs are cnneced ne H-brdge. w prs and w mddle pns f he H-brdge are cnneced w capacrs and w nducrs respecvely. n addn, he Z-H cnverer cmpared he Z-surce nverer elmnaes dde prceedng f newrk and sh-hrugh swchng sae. he Z-H plgy drecly can be appled dc/dc, dc/ac, ac/dc and ac/ac cnversns whu any change n s srucure smlar he Z-surce plgy [5-7]. n hs paper, a new buck-bs Z-surce cnverer based n Z-H plgy s prpsed. One f he advanages f he prpsed cnverer s he psve and negave upu vlage. s nceable ha hs feaure can be used n elecrchemcal pwer supply. n elecrchemcal pwer supply, smemes requres psve vlage and her mes needs negave
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 9 vlages. Mrever, he magnude f he psve and negave vlages s dfferen. One f he her characerscs f he prpsed srucure s ha, whu any changng n s pwer crcu, he prpsed srucure can be used n dfferen cnversns such as dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac. hs unque characersc f he prpsed srucure s smlar marx cnverers. use hs srucure n dfferen cnversns, jus he cnrl sysem shuld be changed. he dfference f he prpsed srucure wh marx cnverers s ha n marx cnverers due n usng f energy srage elemens, he cnverer des n he ably be peraed n sep-up mde. Whereas he prpsed srucure due he use f energy srage elemens can be used n bh sep-up and sep-dwn mdes. Because he prpsed plgy can ac as dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac perans, s he prpsed cnverer can be replaced wh sme dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac cnverers based n Z surce cnverers. ue capables f he prpsed cnverer, can be used n applcans such as cnnec renewable energy surces he grd, speed cnrl f nducn machnes, fuel cell sysems, phvlac sysems, wnd urbnes, mr drves, elecrc vehcles and ec. Als, he Z-surce cncep can be easly appled adjusable-speed drve (A sysems. he Z-surce recfer/nverer sysem can prduce an upu vlage greaer han he ac npu vlage by cnrllng he bs facr, whch s mpssble fr he cnvennal A sysems. Mrever, he prpsed cnverer n ac/ac cnversn herecally, can bs he ac vlage any desred magnude. A very bg dfference cmpared he Z-surce ac/ac cnverer s ha he upu vlage f he prpsed ac/ac cnverer s a snusdal wefrm. herefre, he man advanages f prpsed cnverer n ac/ac cnversn are smple srucure and n needng any addnal fler n crcu. Als, he deals f calculan f vlages and currens f all cmpnens are presened n hs paper. Mrever, fr he prpsed plgy, he rpple f nducrs and capacrs s gven. A suable cnrl mehd s presened,. n addn, he pwer lsses and effcency f he prpsed cnverer are calculaed. nce here s n need any changes n pwer crcu f cnverer fr dfferen cnversns, s n hs paper, nly he peran and analyss f he prpsed cnverer n dc/dc cnversn wh deals and mahemacal equans s presened. s nceable ha, he peran and analyss f he prpsed cnverer a her cnversns are same wh dc/dc cnversn. he expermenal resuls are gven valdae he crrecness peran f he prpsed cnverer.. ROOE BUK-BOO Z-OURE ONERER Fg. shws he pwer crcu f he prpsed buckbs Z-surce cnverer. he prpsed cnverer cnsss f fur bdrecnal swches and w newrks. s dsnc n erms f cnnecn wh cnvennal Z-surce and Z-H cnverers. Fg.. he prpsed buck-bs Z-surce cnverer. nsderng Fg., he swches and are cmplemenary cnrlled. here s same cndn fr 3 and 4. When he swches and 4 are urned n, he swches and 3 are urned ff smulaneusly, and when he swches and 3 are urned n, he swches and 4 are urned ff. he duy cycle fr he swches and 3 s cnsdered. he prpsed cnverer has w [,.5 and (.5, ] perang znes. n he frs perang zne, he cnverer peraes n buck-bs peran, and n he secnd perang zne, he cnverer s nly n bs peran. Fg. shws he cnrl sgnals fr bh perang znes f [,.5 and (.5, ]. he equvalen crcus f cnverer n (whch he swches and 3 are urned n and (whch he swches and 4 are urned n me nervals fr bh perang znes are shwn n Fg. 3. Assumng same values fr and nducrs ( and als same values fr and capacrs (, he fllwng resuls are acheved: v v v 3 ( v v ( Where, and v are he vlages acrss he capacrs and nducrs, respecvely. Fr me nerval (Fg. 3(a, he fllwng equans can be wren:
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer (a (b Fg.. he cnrl sgnals, (a n [,.5 perang zne, (b v (a A c, A r.5 A c, A r & n (.5, ] perang zne. Fg. 3. he equvalen crcus, (a n me nerval, (b n me nerval., (3.5 & & 3 v A r v A c & 3 A r A c 3 ( (, (4 [, v (.5, ].5 v (b 3 Where, and are he npu and upu vlages f cnverer, respecvely. Fr me nerval (Fg. 3(b, he fllwng equans are baned: v, (5, ( Accrdng Eqs. (4 and (, he value f upu vlage s equal n bh me nervals f and. nsderng he vlage balancng law, he erage vlage f an nducr s zer., frm Eqs. (3 and (5, he vlages acrss he capacrs can be baned as fllws: fr [,.5 (7 fr (.5, ] (8 Where, swches. / s duy cycle f and 3 By placng he value f frm Eqs. (7 and (8 n Eqs. (4 and (, he upu vlage n bh perang znes and fr all mes s gven by: fr [,.5 (9 fr (.5, ] ( Frm Eqs. (9 and (, he buck-bs facr ( B f cnverer can be defned as fllws: B fr [,.5& (.5, ] ( n he frs perang zne, B can be varable n ranges f B (buck peran and B ~ (bs peran. n he secnd perang zne, can be varable n range f ~ B (nly bs mde. Fg. 4 shws he curves f vlage gan and sress vlage n capacrs versus duy cycle. Fg. 4 cnans [,.5 and (.5, ] perang znes. he value f upu vlage s psve n he frs perang zne and s negave n he secnd perang zne. n [,.5 perang zne, he prpsed cnverer acs as buck-bs (buck n and bs n 3
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec..5. n perang zne f (.5, ], he 3 cnverer s nly n bs peran. 8 4 & - Fg. 4. arans f he vlage gan and sress vlage n capacrs n erms f duy cycle. n me nerval f (Fg. 3(a, he fllwng equans are baned: (,,,, (3,,, (4,,, Where, and are he nsananeus currens hrugh he capacrs and nducrs, respecvely. Als, and are he npu and upu currens f cnverer, respecvely. n me nerval f (Fg. 3(b, he fllwng equans are baned: (5,,,, (,,, (7,, (8,,, Assumng ha he lad s purely ressance ( R, n bh perang znes and fr all mes, he upu curren ( and s erage value ( s equal : 4-4 - 8-8 -...4. 4.5. 5...8. 8,, (9 R Frm Eq. (3 and assumng ha he nal currens f and nducrs a he begnnng f me nerval are equal, and,, respecvely, s, he currens hrugh he nducrs ( and n me nerval are gven by: (,, fr (,, fr urng me nerval, he curren hrugh he nducrs n he frs perang zne s ncreased and n he secnd perang zne s decreased. Frm Eq. (5 and assumng he new me rgn, he nal currens f and nducrs a he begnnng f me nerval are equal, and,, respecvely, s, he currens hrugh he nducrs are gven by: (,, fr (3,, fr urng me nerval, he curren hrugh he nducrs n he frs perang zne s decreased and n he secnd perang zne s ncreased. nsderng Eqs. ( (3, n rder ransfer pwer frm he npu vlage surce upu, n he frs perang zne he vlage acrss he capacrs shuld be psve and her values are smaller han he npu vlage surce. Als, n he secnd perang zne he vlage acrss he capacrs shuld be negave and her values are greaer han he npu vlage surce. Assumng ha here s n pwer lsses n he cnverer, s, he fllwng equan can be wren: (4 By subsung he value f frm Eqs. ( n (4, he erage curren f npu vlage surce (, s equal :, B, (5 3. URREN AN OAGE RE AUAON shuld be ned ha he currens hrugh he nducrs f and a he end f and me nervals are dfferen, bu bh nducrs he he same curren rpple., n bh perang znes, and cnsderng Eqs. (7, (8 and ( (3, he curren rpple f nducrs can be acheved as fllws:
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer A c, A r A c, A r.5, A r A c (, [,.5.5, A r A c, ( (.5, ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, v v v v, v v v v, v, v,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, B B R, (a R (b, Fg. 5. Wefrms f he prpsed cnverer, (a perang zne f [,.5, (b perang zne f (.5, ].
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 3 Where,,,, ( f, ( f / s he swchng frequency f cnverer. n seady sae and accrdng he curren balancng law, he erage curren f capacr s zer., frm Eqs. ( and (5 and cnsderng Eqs. (, (9 and (5, he erage curren f nducr (, n bh perang znes s gven by: ( (7, ( B, R ( nsderng he curren balancng law fr capacr, Eqs. (, (3, (, (9 and (5, he erage curren f nducr (, n bh perang znes s equal : (8, B, R ( he erage curren f nducrs can als be calculaed frm he fllwng equan:,,,, (9,, (3 Als, he curren rpple f nducrs can be baned as fllws: (3,,,, Frm Eqs. (9 (3, n bh perang znes, he currens hrugh he nducrs a he end f and me nervals are gven by:,,,,, (3, (33, (34, (35 nsderng Eqs. ( (4, he capacrs curren a he end f me nerval ( s equal : (3,,, nsderng Eqs. (5 (8, he capacrs curren a he end f me nerval ( s gven by: (37,,, Frm Eqs. (3 and (37, he curren rpple f capacrs ( n bh perang znes can be baned as fllws: (38,, nsderng Eq. (3, he vlage rpple acrss he capacrs ( n bh perang znes can be acheved as fllws: (, (39 f By subsung Eq. (3 n Eq. (4, he curren hrugh he npu vlage surce a he end f me nerval ( s gven by:, (4 Frm Eqs. ( and (37, he curren hrugh he npu vlage surce a he end f me nerval ( s equal :, (, (4 nsderng Eqs. ( (4, he vlage and curren wefrms f he prpsed cnverer n bh perang znes f [,.5 and (.5, ] are shwn n Fg. 5. s nceable ha he prpsed cnverer has sep-dwn and sep-up capably fr dc/dc and ac/ac cnversns, whereas fr dc/ac cnversn has nly sep-up capably. n able, he fnal equans fr dfferen cnversns he been summarzed. n able, and are he duy cycle fr [,.5 and (.5, ] perang znes, respecvely, and B and B are he bs facrs fr frs and secnd perang znes. Als, m and f are he amplude and frequency f npu vlage surce, respecvely.
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer 4 able. he fnal equans fr dfferen cnversns f he prpsed cnverer. wer cnversn dc/dc dc/ac Oupu vlage B B B he vlage acrss he capacrs ac/ac B( m sn f [ m sn f ] he vlage acrss he nducrs v, v, [ m sn f ] B sn f m apably sep-dwn and sep-up Only sep-up sep-dwn and sep-up s nceable ha he prpsed cnverer has sepdwn and sep-up capably fr dc/dc and ac/ac cnversns, whereas fr dc/ac cnversn has nly sep-up capably. n able, he fnal equans fr dfferen cnversns he been summarzed. 4. EGN HE AUE OF AN Rpples f capacr vlage and nducr curren effec n sably f nverers. prperly desgn he values f and capacrs, he allwable vlage rpple x % may be used, whch s defned as fllws [7]: x % x % x % (4 nsderng (7 and by subsung he values f and frm (7 and (39 n (4, he raed value f and capacances s calculaed as fllws: ( (, f ( ( x % f R ( x % (43 prperly desgn he values f and nducrs, he allwable curren rpples x % and x % are carred u, whch s defned as fllws: x % (44 x%,, (45, By subsung he values f and frm Eqs. ( and (7 n Eq. (44, and by placng he he values f and frm Eqs. ( and (8 n Eq. (45, he raed values f and nducances are calculaed as fllws: R ( (4 f x % R ( ( (47 f x % 5. AUAON OF OWER OE AN EFFENY Assumng ha each pwer elecrnc swch has a ressr R (ndcang he frward ressance and a vlage surce (ndcang he frward vlage drp whch are seres wh swch, s, calculae he pwer lsses f ne swch he fllwng equan can be used:, W, (48 Where,, and W, are he cnducn and swchng pwer lsses f swch, respecvely. he cnducn pwer lsses f a swch can be baned as fllws [8]:, R, (, rms, R ( (49 Where, R, and are he hmc lss f swch and he pwer lss asscaed wh he frward vlage drp (, respecvely. Als,, rms and, are he RM and erage currens hrugh he swch, respecvely. he swchng pwer lss f a swch s equal he sum f all urn n pwer lss ( n, and urn ff pwer lss ( ff, n a cycle f he upu vlage. hs can be wren as fllws: ( E E f (5 W, n, ff, n, ff, Where, E n, and ff E, are he energy lsses durng he urn-n and urn-ff me nervals f swch, respecvely. calculae he urn-n and urn-ff energy lsses f
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 5 a swch, we he: n, En, v ( ( d (5 E ff ff,, v ( ( d (5 Where, v ( and ( are he nsananeus vlage and curren f swch, respecvely. nsderng Fgs. and 3, he currens hrugh he swch n me nervals f and can be calculaed as fllws:, fr (53 fr (54 Frm Eqs. (53 and (54, he RM curren hrugh he swch s equal :, rms, (55 nsderng Eqs. (53 and (54, he erage curren hrugh he swch s gven by:, d,, By subsung he values f, rms Eqs. (55 and (5 n Eq. (49, we he:, ( R, rms, ( ( R,,, (5 and frm (57 s nceable ha calculae he urn-n and urnff energy lsses f a swch, he lnear apprxman f he vlage and curren durng swchng perd can be used [9], s, he energy lsses durng he urn-n me nerval f swch s equal : E n, n, v ( ( d, ( v (58 n, he energy lss durng he urn-ff me nerval f swch s gven by: E ff, ff, v ( ( d, ( v (59 ff, By placng he values f E n, and E ff, frm Eqs. (58 and (59 n Eq. (5, we he: ( E E f W, n, ff, ( v, f ( n, ff, By subsung he values f, and W (, frm Eqs. (57 and ( n Eq. (48, he pwer lss f swch s equal :,, ( R ( W,, v, f ( n, ff, ( Accrdng Fgs. and 3, he currens hrugh, 3 and 4 swches n me nervals f and can be calculaed as fllws: fr (, fr, fr 3 (3 fr fr (4, fr nsderng Eqs. (48 (4, he pwer lsses f, 3 and 4 swches can be smlarly calculaed as fllws: 3, (, 3 W,, (,, ( R ( R ( (, v 3 W, 3 ( W,,,, v ( R f ( v n,,,, f ( f ( ff, n, 3 n, ff, 3 ff, (5 ( (7 Assumng ha each capacr has an equvalen seres ressr ( r, s, calculae he hmc lss f ne capacr he fllwng equan can be used: r (8 r,rms Where, capacr., rms s he RM curren hrugh he
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer Frm Eqs. ( and (7, he RM curren f capacr can be baned as fllws:, rms (, d, ( (,, By subsung he value f, rms (9 frm Eq. (9 n Eq. (8, he hmc pwer lss f capacr s gven by: r r, rms r (, r, ( (,, (7 Frm Eqs. (3 and (, he RM curren f capacr can be calculaed as fllws:, rms (,, d,, By placng he value f (, rms (7 frm Eq. (7 n Eq. (8, he hmc pwer lss f capacr s equal : r r, rms r (,, (7 Assumng ha each nducr has a equvalen seres ressr ( r, s, calculae he wndng pwer lss f ne nducr he fllwng equan can be used: r (73 r Where,,rms, rms s he RM curren hrugh he nducr. Frm Eq. (73, he wndng pwer lss f and nducrs can be calculaed as fllws: r r (74 r, rms, r r (75 r, rms, he al pwer lsses f he prpsed buck-bs cnverer n dc/dc cnversn can be expressed as: ss ( 3 ( r ( r r r (7 nsderng Eq. (7, he effcency f he prpsed cnverer can be baned usng he fllwng equan: (77 ss. ONERNG EQUAEN ERE REANE (ER n rder sudy he cnverer wh presence f ER capacr, a ressr n seres wh he capacr ( R shuld be cnsdered. able. mparsn f he values baned n saes wh and whu ER capacrs. arameers Whu ER Wh ER,, v, v, R ( R R R R, R,,, R,,, ( R,,, ( R,, R -,, R - R Assumng ha R R R, able shws he cmparsn beween he values baned n saes wh and whu presence f ER capacrs. s nceable ha her relanshps are exacly smlar each her n wh and whu presence f ER capacrs. 7. OMARON he prpsed buck-bs cnverer has smple srucure. has w newrks cnsss f w nducrs and w capacrs. n cnvennal Z-surce, n durng he me nerval f nn- sae, he dde befre he newrk creaes an unfrable peran mde. n addn, dde prevens he reverse curren. hus, usng f such cnverers s lmed such applcans whch are n need energy reurn npu surce [, 5-]. shuld be menned ha n he prpsed cnverer, he dde befre he newrk has n been used. Whu any need buck and bs ransfrmer r dc/dc cnverer, he prpsed cnverer can prduce lwer r hgher vlage han he npu vlage n s upu. Mrever, due he exsence f newrk, he relably f cnverer s ncreased. hs cnverer
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 7 has wefrms wh lw rpple, s, he addnal fler s n needed n crcu. n cnvennal Z-H cnverer, ncrease and decrease he upu vlage, w separae srucures are used (whch can be as s dsadvanage [5, ]. On he her hand, he cnvennal dc/dc buck-bs cnverer s nly usable n dc/dc cnversn. Whereas, he prpsed cnverer can be used dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac cnversn whu any change n s plgy. n addn, he gan facr f cnvennal dc/dc buckbs cnverer s equal /(-., he cnverer wll he he maxmum vlage gan when duy cycle s clse ne. Whereas, he gan facr f he prpsed cnverer s equal /(-. hus, he cnverer wll he he maxmum vlage gan when he duy cycle s clse.5. Mrever, n cmparsn wh he cnvennal dc/dc buck-bs cnverer, he prpsed cnverer has w [,.5 and (.5, ] perang znes. able 3 shws a cmparsn beween he w srucures f cnvennal Z-H cnverer n sep-dwn and sep-up mdes wh he prpsed Z-H buck-bs cnverer. able 4 shws a cmparsn beween cnvennal Z-surce nverer, cnvennal Z-H buck and bs cnverers, cnvennal buckbs cnverer and he prpsed Z-H buck-bs cnverer. 8. EXERMENA REU he expermenal resuls are used fr checkng he crrec perfrmance f he prpsed Z-surce cnverer. he parameers used n expermenal are gven n able 5. he expermenal resuls n [,.5 perang zne fr B and. 4 (bs mde and fr B.5 and. 5 (buck mde are shwn n Fgs. and 7, respecvely. 8.. alculan f vlages and currens values Fr B and. 4 (bs mde, he fllwng resuls can be baned: Accrdng Fgs. 4, 5(a and, n perang zne f [,.5, frm Eq. (9 he value f upu vlage s psve and he prpsed cnverer acs as bs n 3 -.5. Frm Eqs. ( and (9, he upu vlage and curren f cnverer can be baned as fllws: B 3,. 5A R 4 n frs perang, cnsderng Fgs. 4, 5(a and, frm Eq. (7 he values f he erage vlages f and capacrs are psve, and frm Eqs. (3 and (5, he vlages acrss he and nducrs are psve fr me nerval and hse are negave fr me nerval., we he:.4 3 9 (.4 v, v, v, 9 v, v, v, 3 9 Frm Eqs. ( and (7, he curren rpple f nducr and s erage value are equal : (.4(.4 3..3.3A f (.4, ( B, (.5 4. 5A Als, frm Eqs. ( and (8, he curren rpple f nducr and s erage value are gven by: (.4(.4 3.3A f (.4, B,.5 3A Frm Eqs. ( and (, n he frs perang zne and durng me nerval, he currens hrugh he nducrs are ncreased and frm Eqs. ( and (3, hse are decreased n durng me nerval (Fgs. 5(a and. Hence, frm Eqs. (3 (35, he currens hrugh he and nducrs a he end f and me nervals can be calculaed as fllws:, (4.5.3, 4. 8 A, (4.5.3, 4. 3 A, (3.3, 3. 8A, (3.3,. 8 A Accrdng Fgs. 5(a and, n he frs perang zne and bh durng and me nervals, he currens hrugh he capacrs he fallng mdes. Hence, frm Eqs. (3 and (37, he capacrs curren a he end f and me nervals are equal :,,, 4. 8A,,,. 8A Frm Eq. (39, he vlage rpple acrss he capacrs s gven by: (,.4 4.5 3.83 3 f 47
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer 8 able 3. mparsn beween he w srucures f cnvennal Z-H cnverer n sep-dwn and sep-up mdes wh he prpsed Z-H buck-bs cnverer. dc/dc wer nversn v he cnvennal Z-H buck cnverer me nerval ( ( ( f me nerval ( he cnvennal Z-H bs cnverer me nerval me nerval ( f he prpsed Z-H buck-bs cnverer me nerval me nerval ( f able 4. mparsn f characerscs fr varey f he buck and bs cnverers. nverer he cnvennal Z-surce cnverer he cnvennal Z-H bs cnverer he cnvennal Z-H buck cnverer he cnvennal buck-bs cnverer he prpsed Z-H buckbs cnverer lage gan ( / M Advanages sadvanages escrpn Hng w perang znes ep-dwn and sep-up capably Emplyng n all f cnversns Hng w perang znes Elmnan dde befre he newrk Emplyng n all f cnversns whu any change n s plgy Hng w perang znes Elmnan dde befre he newrk Emplyng n all f cnversns whu any change n s plgy Needng ne undrecnal swch ep-dwn and sep-up capably Hng w perang znes Elmnan dde befre he newrk ep-dwn and sep-up capably Emplyng n dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac cnversns whu any change n s plgy Needng ne swch (r dde befre he newrk de prevens he reverse curren. Needng fur bdrecnal swches n all f cnversns Needng fur undrecnal swches n dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/dc cnversns Needng fur bdrecnal swches n ac/ac cnversns Only can be used n dc/dc cnversn Hng ne perang znes Needng fur bdrecnal swches de creaes an unpleasan peran mde n durng he nn- swchng sae. has nly sep-up capably. has nly sep-dwn capably. uy cycle s equal n he equan denmnar f gan facr f cnverer., he cnverer wll he he maxmum vlage gan when duy cycle s clse ne. n he prpsed cnverer, he value f duy cycle has been changed frm n he equan denmnar f gan facr f cnverer., he cnverer wll he he maxmum vlage gan when duy cycle s clse half. npu vlage able 5. he parameers f cnverer. mpedance-surce newrk ad ( R wchng frequency ( ( f 3 47 F mh 4 khz Frm Eqs. (4 and (4, n he frs perang zne, he curren hrugh npu surce has cnsan value n durng me nerval, and s decreased n durng me nerval (Fgs. 5(a and, s, we he:. 5 A.8 5. 4 A, Frm Eq. (5, he erage curren f npu vlage surce can be baned as fllws:, B,.5 3A 8.. esgn he values f nducrs and capacrs Fr =.4, Δ = Δ =.3 and Δc = Δc = 3.83, he values f nducrs and capacrs can be calculaed as fllws:
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 9 [ ] [ A] v v [ ] Frm Eq. (43, he raed value f and capacances s equal : (.4 47 F ( % (8 (.4 3 f R x Frm Eqs. (44 and (45, he allwable curren rpples x and x % are gven by: %.3 x %.8 4.5,.3 x %. 3, Frm Eqs. (4 and (47, he raed values f and nducances are equal : R ( 4(.8 mh 3 f x % ( (.8 R ( ( 4(.(. mh f x % (4(. [ ] [ A] [ A] [ ] v v [ ] Fg.. Expermenal resuls n [,.5 perang zne fr B and. 4 (bs mde. [ A] Frm Eq. (4, he allwable vlage rpple x % s gven by: 3.83 x % x % x %.4 9
E. Babae,. Ahmadzadeh: A New rucure f Buck-Bs Z-urce nverer Based n Z-H nverer 3 Fg. 7. Expermenal resuls n [,.5 perang zne fr B.5 and. 5 (buck mde. nsderng herecal values calculaed fr he bs peran n [,.5 perang zne, s bserved ha he gven expermenal resuls n Fg. are smlar bh herecal resuls and Fg. 5(a. Fr B =.5 and =.5 (buck mde, he fllwng resuls can be baned: Accrdng Fgs. 4, 5(a and 7, n perang zne f [,.5, frm (9 he value f upu vlage s psve and he prpsed cnverer acs as buck n., frm Eqs. ( and (9, he upu 3 vlage and curren f cnverer can be baned as fllws: B.5 3 5 5,. 375 A R 4 n frs perang, cnsderng Fgs. 4, 5(a and 7, frm Eq. (7 he values f he erage vlages f and capacrs are psve, and frm Eqs. (3 and (5, he vlages acrss he and nducrs are psve fr me nerval and hse are negave fr me nerval., we he:.5 3 45 (.5 v, v, v, 45 v, v, v, 3 45 5 Frm Eqs. ( and (7, he curren rpple f nducr and s erage value are equal : (.5(.5 3.375.3.A f (.5, ( B, (.5.375. 5 A Als, frm Eqs. ( and (8, he curren rpple f nducr and s erage value are gven by: [ ] (.5(.5 3.A f (.5, B,.5.375. 9 A Frm Eqs. ( and (, n he frs perang zne and durng me nerval, he currens hrugh he nducrs are ncreased and frm Eqs. ( and (3, hse are decreased n durng me nerval (Fgs. 5(a and 7. Hence, frm Eqs. (3 (35, he currens hrugh he and nducrs a he end f and me nervals can be calculaed as fllws:, (.5.,. A, (.5.,. 5 A, (.9.,. 4 A, (.9.,. 3A Accrdng Fgs. 5(a and 7, n he frs perang zne and bh durng and me nervals, he currens hrugh he capacrs he fallng mdes. Hence, frm Eqs. (3 and (37, he capacrs curren a he end f and me nervals are equal :,,,. A,,,. 3A Frm Eqs. (39, he vlage rpple acrss he capacrs s gven by: (,.5.5.3 3 f 47 Frm Eqs. (4 and (4, n he frs perang zne, he curren hrugh npu surce has cnsan value n durng me nerval, and s decreased n durng me nerval (Fgs. 5(a and 7, s, we he:. 375A.3. A, Frm Eqs. (5, he erage curren f npu vlage surce can be baned as fllws:, B,.5.375. 9 A nsderng herecal values calculaed fr he buck peran n [,.5 perang zne, s bserved ha he gven expermenal resuls n Fg. 7 are smlar bh herecal resuls and Fg. 5(a.
Jurnal f Operan and Auman n wer Engneerng, l. 4, N., ec. 3 9. ONUON n hs paper, a new Z-surce buck-bs cnverer based n Z-H was prpsed. he man advanages f he prpsed cnverer are smple plgy, emplyng n dc/dc, dc/ac and ac/ac cnversn, sep-up and sepdwn capables, and lw rpple. n hs paper, he perang prncple f he prpsed cnverer n dc/dc cnversn wh deals and cmplee equans were explaned. Mrever, he calculans f nducrs and capacrs rpples, he pwer lsses and effcency and pmum values f nducrs and capacrs he been presened. he expermenal resuls recnfrm he crrecness f analyss and gd perfrmance f he prpsed cnverer. REFERENE [] F.Z. eng, Z-surce nverer, EEE rans. nd. Appl., vl. 39, n., pp. 54-5, 3. []. rabzad, E. Babae, and M. Kalanar, Z-surce nverer based dynamc vlage resrer, n rce. f he E, pp. 4-4,. [3] X. ng, Z. Qan, Y. Xe, and F.Z. eng, ransen mdelng and cnrl f he nvel Z Z-surce recfer, n rce. f he E, pp. -5,. [4] M.R. Banae, R. Alzadeh, N. Jahanyar, and E. ef Najm, An ac Z-surce cnverer based n gamma srucure wh safe-cmmuan sraegy, EEE rans. wer Elecrn., vl. 3, n., pp. 55-,. [5] F. edagha, and E. Babae, uble npu dc-dc Z- surce cnverer, n rce. f he E, pp. 58-58,. [] F.Z. eng, M. hen, and Z. Qan, Maxmum bs cnrl f he Z-surce nverer, EEE rans. wer Elecrn., vl., n. 4, pp. 833-838, 5. [7] M. hen, J. Wang, A. Jseph, F.Z. eng,.m. lber, and.j Adams, nsan bs cnrl f he Z- surce nverer mnmze curren rpple and vlage sress, EEE rans. nd. Appl., vl. 4, n. 3, pp. 77-778,. [8].R. Aghdam, E. Babae, and. aal, Maxmum cnsan bs cnrl mehd fr swched-nducr Z-surce nverer by usng baery, n rc. f he EON, 3, pp. 984-989. [9] N. Mrkazeman and E. Babae, A new plgy fr quas-z-surce nverer, n rce. f he, 5, pp. -7. [] H. Rsam, and.a. Khabur, lage gan cmparsn f dfferen cnrl mehds f he Z- surce nverer, n rc. f he EEO, pp. 8-7, 9. [] U.. Al, and. Kamaraj, A nvel space vecr WM fr Z-surce nverer, n rc. f he EE, pp. 8-85,. [] J.W. Jung, and A. Keyhan, nrl f a fuel cell based Z-surce cnverer, EEE rans. Energy nvers., vl., n., pp. 47-47, 7. [3] O. Ellabban, J.. Merl, and. aare, Expermenal sudy f he sh-hrugh bs cnrl mehds fr he Z-surce nverer, EEJ, vl., n., pp. 8-9,. [4] Y. u, B. Ge, F.J..E. Ferrera, A.. de Almeda, and H.A. Rub, Mdellng and WM cnrl f quas- Z-surce nverer, n rc. f he EQU, pp. -7,. [5] Y. u, B. Ge, H.A. Rub, and F.Z. eng, Overvew f space vecr mdulans fr hree-phase Z- surce/quas-z-surce nverers, EEE rans. wer Elecrn., vl. 9, n. 4, pp. 98-8, 4. [] Y. u, B. Ge, and H.A. Rub, herecal and expermenal evaluan f fur space vecr mdulans appled quas-z-surce nverers, E wer Elecrn., vl., n. 7, pp. 57-9, 3. [7] Y.. wak, and G.E. wn, hree-phase ransfrmerless grd cnneced quas Z-surce nverer fr slar phvlac sysems wh mnmal leakage curren, n rc. f he EG, pp. 38-373,. [8] F. Bradascha, M.. alcan,.e.. Ferraz, F.A.. Neves, E.. ds ans, and J.H.G.M. da lva, Mdulan fr hree-phase ransfrmer-less Z-surce nverer reduce leakage currens n phvlac sysems, EEE rans. nd. Elecrn., vl. 58, n., pp. 5385-5395,. [9] Y.. wak, and G.E. wn, mmn-mde vlage reducn echnques f hree-phase quas Z- surce nverer fr A drves, n rc. f he AE, 3, pp. 47-5. [].R. Aghdam, E. Babae, and. Ghasemzadeh, mprvemen he perfrmance f swched-nducr Z-surce nverer, n rc. f he EON, 3, pp. 87-88. [] M.. Zarbl, E. hka Asl, E. Babae, and M. abah, A new srucure fr quas-z-surce nverer based n swched nducrs and ransfrmer, ran. Elecr. nd. J. Qual. rd., vl. 4, n. 8, pp. 3-73,. [] E. Babae, M. Hasan Babay, E. hka Asl, and. aal, A new plgy fr Z-surce nverer based n swched-nducr and bs Z-surce nverer, J. Oper. Aum. wer Eng., vl. 3, n., pp. 7-84, 5. [3] E. Babae, E. hka Asl, M.H. Babay, eady-sae and small-sgnal analyss f hgh vlage gan halfbrdge swched-bs nverer, EEE rans. nd. Elecrn., vl. 3, n., pp. 354-3553,. [4] R. rzeleck, and N. rzelecka, mulan nvesgan f he Z-surce N nverer, cral schl f energy- and ge-echnlgy, Kuressaare, Esna, pp. 3-8, 7. [5] F. Zhang, F.Z. eng, and Z. Qan, Z-H cnverer, n rce. f he E, 8, pp. 4-7. []. Ahmadzadeh, and E. Babae, Z-H buck cnverer: Analyss and smulan, n rc. f he E, pp. 43-44, 5. [7] E. Babae, M. Hasan Babay, E. hka Asl,. aal, A new plgy fr Z-surce nverer based n swched-nducr and bs Z-surce nverer, J. Oper. Aum. wer Eng., vl., n., pp. 7-84, 5. [8].. Galgekere and M.K. Kazmerczuk, Analyss f WM Z-surce dc-dc cnverer n M fr seadysae, EEE rans. rcus ys. Reg. apers, vl. 59, n. 4, pp. 854-83,. [9] E. Babae, E. hka Asl, M.H. Babay, and. aal, evelped embedded swched-z-surce nverer, E wer Elecrn., vl. 9, n. 9, pp. 88-84,.