Winter Packet 2013 Name Period ircle the best answer for each question. There are a total of 50 questions. 1. What occurs when ions from the Sun hit air molecules and cause them to emit vivid colors of light?. auroras. ozone lightning. ion storms. neutron clouds 2. What is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere? exosphere mesosphere ozone layer stratosphere 3. What causes meteors to burn when entering Earth's atmosphere? ozone ignited by the high speed of the meteors oxygen escaping into space when the meteor rips through the atmosphere high temperatures in the exosphere igniting the meteor's gases atmospheric friction heating the meteor 4. From the picture above, what gases are the main components in Earth's atmosphere?. O 2 and H 2O
. N 2 and O 2. O 2 and O 2. N 2 and O 2 5. In which layer of the atmosphere can temperatures around 100 be found? mesosphere ozone layer troposphere thermosphere 6. What conclusion about Earth's energy can be drawn from the chart? High amounts of light are absorbed during the day.
Earth releases all its energy at night. There is no difference in the amount of visible light and infrared light that comes to Earth. Earth absorbs and radiates the same amount of energy 7. What is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves? a. UV b. conduction c. radiation d. convection 8. Which of the following can you infer from the diagram? Some of the outgoing radiation is directed back toward Earth's surface. Most of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide. ll of the Sun's radiation escapes back into space. Earth is warmed from energy generated below the ground. 9. In which layer of the atmosphere can a temperature inversion occur? mesosphere troposphere stratosphere exosphere 10. urning your hand on a hot cup of tea is an example of what type of energy transfer? convection
thermal radiation radiation conduction 11. What process is being modeled in this figure? erosion river formation watering plants weathering 12. Which of these landforms is created by glacial erosion? a. alluvial fans b. hoodoos c. U-shaped valleys d. swamps 13. What term is given to the transportation of weathered material from one area to another? breaking factors erosion rock formations
weathering agents 14. Which factor(s) would cause erosion in the environment shown in the figure? sun and wind ice and wind water wind and water 15. What type of current flows parallel to the shoreline in a lake or ocean? gulf current longshore current sediment current wind current 16. brasion refers to which method of erosion of rock? grinding away of rock by particles carried by the wind, water, or ice shaping of a stream as erosion and deposition create -shaped curves piling of rock grains by the wind cutting rivers into valleys between mountains 17. What is the relative age of the stream shown in the figure?
beginning young mature old 18. What is one of the things farmers can do to help manage erosion of farm land? overgraze pastures remove topsoil plow and cultivate fields every week leave fields unplowed after harvesting crops 19. The type of formation shown is at the southern end of the Mississippi river. What is it called? coastal erosion a delta a loess sand dunes 20. What glacial features are indicated by the labels and on the figure?
moraines outwash plains kettle lakes ice sheets 21. Which shows an example of sediment that is rounded and well-sorted? Need a Hint?
22. When mass wasting occurs at a slow pace, which term is applied? a. rock fall b. creep c. landslide d. glaciation 23. Which element of nature is the dominant cause of mass wasting? water ice tidal waves gravity 24. Landslides may cause homes to slide into valleys. What type of event is a landslide? a. weathering b. sorting c. mass wasting d. deposition 25. soil's composition is dependent on weathering because. it makes the soil more fertile it contributes sediment to the soil it keeps the soil moist it moves the topsoil to other areas where it is needed more 26. ll of the following EXEPT can weather rock. sunlight freezing and thawing animals plants 27. What type of soil is found in the southwestern part of the United States?
desert temperate river tropical 28. Each layer of a soil profile is called a. Need a Hint? horizon horizontal humus litter 29. How does climate affect chemical and mechanical weathering?
a. Mechanical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in cold climates. b. hemical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and mechanical weathering occurs more rapidly in cold climates. c. hemical weathering occurs more rapidly in dry climates and mechanical weathering occurs more in windy climates. d. hemical and mechanical weathering occur more rapidly in warm, wet climates. 30. In which horizon of a soil profile is the parent material usually found?. -horizon. -horizon. -horizon. O-horizon Need a Hint? 31. When materials containing iron are exposed to water and oxygen, can occur. a. mechanical weathering b. wedging c. ironization d. oxidation 32. What type of weathering is shown in the figure? Need a Hint?. mechanical weathering. erosion. oxidation
. chemical weathering 33. Which of the following is NOT a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere? Need a Hint?. argon. carbon dioxide. ozone. nitrogen 34. Most of the hydrosphere is in what form?. ocean water. ice. freshwater. groundwater 35. The layer of the geosphere immediately below the crust is called what?. the hydrosphere. the mantle. the outer core. the inner core 36. Scientists classify rocks mainly according to which feature? a. their color
b. their hardness c. how they form d. where they are found 37. What happens right before evaporation occurs?. water absorbs thermal energy. water releases thermal energy. water molecules begin moving more slowly. water changes from gas to liquid 38. Weather refers to the state of which system at a particular time?. the biosphere. the hydrosphere. the geosphere. the atmosphere 39. Which system is affected by the process of weathering?. the hydrosphere. the geosphere. the atmosphere. the biosphere
40. What happens to moist air as it rises on the windward side of a mountain range?. it cools down. it warms up. it loses oxygen. it slows down 41. Which is true of both the rock cycle and the water cycle?. both occur mostly in the atmosphere. both occur mostly in the geosphere. both have no beginning and no end. matter is created by both of them 42. How many layers does Earth's atmosphere have? four five six seven 43. What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere? oxygen hydrogen nitrogen
carbon 44. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? a. troposphere b. stratosphere c. thermosphere d. exosphere 45. pproximately percent of Earth's water is freshwater available for human use. 1 10 90 99 46. Seventy-nine percent of Earth's freshwater is. in rivers underground in lakes ice 47. ll minerals are. naturally occurring organic solids
unordered made in a lab 48. How are igneous rocks formed? They are formed from sediments that collected in ocean beds. They are formed from cooled magma. They are formed over many years of pressure and heat within Earth. They are hot magma the moment it is expelled from a volcano. 49. Water droplets form when water vapor. polarizes heats up evaporates condenses 50. Surface processes that work to break down rock are called. erosion weathering compaction cementation