166 166 Essential Question: How has biological evolution led to the diversity of life? B-5 Natural Selection Traits that make an organism more or less likely to survive in an environment and reproduce more successfully Explains Biological Evolution Microevolution vs. macroevolution 4 Principles Overproduction of Offspring Variation phenotype of inherited traits influence ability to survive Adaptation increase fittest traits Decent with modification Evidence of Biological Evolution Anatomy- structures of organisms examine homologous structures Embryology- development of organisms Observe similarities and differences Biochemistry- DNA and amino acid sequence (which all organisms share) Paleontology- examine fossil record Natural Selection and Evolution Phylogenetic Trees Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation Sexual Meiosis and Gametes Genetic diversity- leads to better chance of survival Offspring express phenotype that are better suited to an environment will survive and produce next generation Asexual Cell division such as Mitosis or Binary Fission Genetically identical Produce offspring for current environment and least amount of variation Genetic Variability- of species phenotype (Introduced by mutations) Species share common gene pool (all genes of population) Diagram representing evolutionary history of a species which is used for classification Factors influence variability Estimate divergence of species Closer brackets more related Distanced bracket less related -- change may spread through population if increases fitness -- genetic drift -- non-random mating -- gene flow -- mutation --natural selection Speciation may occur- creating a new species -- gradualism -- punctuated equilibrium -- Divergent evolution --Convergent evolution --Coevolution -- extinction
166 166 Essential Question: How has biological evolution led to the diversity of life? B-5 Traits that make an organism more or less likely to. Explains Biological Evolution Microevolution vs. 4 Principles Variation phenotype of inherited traits influence ability to survive Adaptation increase fittest traits Evidence of Biological Evolution Anatomy- structures of organisms examine Embryology- development of organisms O Biochemistry- (which all organisms share) Paleontology- examine fossil record Natural Selection and Evolution Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation Sexual Meiosis and Gametes - leads to better chance of survival Offspring express phenotype that are better suited to an environment will survive and produce Asexual Cell division such as Mitosis or Binary Fission Genetically identical Produce offspring for environment Genetic Variability- of species phenotype (introduced ) Phylogenetic Trees Species share common gene pool ( Diagram representing ) -- change may spread through population if which is used for classification Factors influence variability Estimate divergence of species -- genetic drift -- Closer brackets -- -- mutation --natural selection Speciation may occur- creating a new species Distanced bracket -- gradualism -- -- -- -- -- extinction
Natural Selection Traits that make an organism more or less likely to survive in an environment and reproduce more successfully Explains Biological Evolution Microevolution vs. macroevolution 4 Principles Overproduction of Offspring Variation phenotype of inherited traits influence ability to survive Adaptation increase fittest traits Decent with modification
Reproduction- passing genetic information to the next generation Sexual Meiosis and Gametes Genetic diversity- leads to better chance of survival Offspring express phenotype that are better suited to an environment will survive and produce next generation
Asexual Cell division such as Mitosis or Binary Fission Genetically identical Produce offspring for current environment and least amount of variation
Evidence of Biological Evolution Anatomy- structures of organisms examine homologous structures Embryology- development of organisms Observe similarities and differences Biochemistry- DNA and amino acid sequence (which all organisms share) Paleontology- examine fossil record
Genetic Variability- of species phenotype Species share common gene pool (all genes of population) change may spread through population if increases fitness Factors influence variability genetic drift -- non-random mating gene flow -- mutation --natural selection Speciation may occur- creating a new species gradualism -- punctuated equilibrium Divergent evolution --Convergent evolution Coevolution -- extinction
Phylogenetic Trees Diagram representing evolutionary history of a species which is used for classification Estimate divergence of species Closer brackets more related Distanced bracket less related