Semester 1 2012 Biology FINAL EXAM There are 50 questions on your final exam, all of which are found below in no particular order. In addition, I have included 10 more questions to help you prepare. Go through each question and using your book, notes, old homeworks, etc, find the correct answer. Use the wrong answers I left untouched as hints to find the correct one. Write these answers in your notebook, in addition to an abbreviated version of the question so you may study later. REMEMBER, ANY and ALL of the questions on the final are on this paper! Good luck! Multiple Choice Questions Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. The 4 most common elements in living things are. a. Carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus, oxygen c. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus b. d. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur represents a formula for a chemical compound. a. H c. P b. C d. The nucleus of an atom contains. a. c. protons and electrons b. neutrons and electrons d. protons, neutrons, and electrons Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in regions called. a. c. air b. Nuclei d. Isotopes A very strong base might have a ph of. a. 3 c. 9 b. 5 d. The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose, C 12 H 22 O 11, is. a. 11 c. 22 b. 12 d. An atom of fluorine has an atomic number of 9 and an atomic mass of 18.99. How many neutrons does fluorine have? a. eighteen neutrons c. b. nineteen neutrons d. nine neutrons Diffusion continues until there is. a. concentration gradient c. b. turgor pressure d. plasmolysis Which of the images in Figure 6-4 depicts an isotonic cell? Figure 6-4 a. A c. b. B d. D
Which of the following organisms does not have a cell wall? a. Fungi (mushrooms) c. Bacteria cell b. Plant cell d. All living things are made up of. a. c. wastes b. cork d. cellulose What do light microscopes use to focus and magnify an image? a. c. electron beams b. X rays d. magnets Each of the following is a main idea of the cell theory except. a. all organisms are composed of cells b. the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms c. d. all cells come from preexisting cells The scientist who first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope was. a. c. Ms. Neiman b. Mr. Kramer d. Mr. Arsenie If a cell contains a nucleus, it cannot be a(n). a. plant cell c. animal cell b. d. eukaryotic cell The green pigment in chloroplasts is called a. Stroma c. chloroplasts b. d. Thylakoid membrane The cell uses energy to transport substances across the membrane through the process of. a. passive transport c. diffusion b. d. osmosis Which structure in Figure 7-6 is the cell control center? a. c. mitochondria b. Cell (plasma) membrane d. Lysosome Which structure in Figure 7-6 regulates what enters and leaves the cell (homeostasis)? a. nucleus c. mitochondria b. d. Lysosome Which structure in Figure 7-6 is responsible for removing wastes? a. nucleus c. mitochondria b. Cell (plasma) membrane d. Which structure in Figure 7-6 produces and stores energy? a. nucleus c. b. Cell (plasma) d. Lysosome membrane Figure 7-6 An animal cell
Which structure in Figure 7-6 sorts and transports proteins? a. nucleus c. mitochondria b. d. Lysosome Which parts of Figure 7-6 are not in a prokaryotic (bacterial) cell? a. Cell membrane c. cytoplasm b. d. ribosomes Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) solution. a. Osmotic c. b. Hypertonic d. isotonic Water moves out of a cell if the cell is placed in a(n) solution. a. c. hypotonic b. Isotonic d. passive If cells are placed in a strong salt solution, water will. a. moves from the salt solution into the cells b. c. stay in the cell d. Moves in an out at the same rate A cell moves water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration by. a. diffusion c. osmosis b. passive transport d. If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by. a. c. active transport b. Diffusion d. phagocytosis Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain. a. hot chips c. nucleoli b. d. spindles Which of the following structures is the most complex? a. Cell c. organ b. d. tissue Celery placed in water in your fridge get crunchier. This is an illustration of this idea: water moves into the cells of a plant placed in a(n) solution. a. osmotic c. b. hypertonic d. isotonic Osmosis is a type of diffusion involving movement of. a. salts c. hypertonic solutes b. d. hypotonic solvents
Which conditions shown in Figure 8-4 might cause a cell to burst? Figure 8-4 a. A c. C b. d. D What level of organization is shown in Figure 8-7? a. Tissue c. organ system b. d. organism Use the table below to answer next three questions. ph Values of Some Common Substances Substance ph Hydrochloric acid 1.0 Sulfuric acid 1.2 Tomatoes 4.2 Rainwater 6.2 Pure water (neutral) 7.0 Sea water 8.5 Ammonium chloride 11.1 Sodium hydroxide 13.0 Based on the information provided on the Table and the diagram, what is the strongest acid? a. sulfuric acid c. rain water b. d. sea water Based on the information provided on the Table, what is the ph of the weakest acid? a. 1.0 c. 4.2 b. 1.2 d.
Based on the information provided on the Table, what is the ph of the strongest base? a. 7.0 c. 11.1 b. 8.5 d. The table below represents tests used to determine which organic compounds are contained in common breakfast foods. A positive sign (+) indicates a positive test and a negative sign (-) indicates a negative test. Use it to answer the next 5 questions on the next page. Eggs Butter Toast Hash Browns Ham Milk Orange Juice Pancakes Lipid (fats) TEST: Brown paper bag Simple carbohydrates (sugar) TEST: Benedict s Solution Complex carbohydrates (starch) TEST: Iodine solution Protein TEST: Biuret reagent + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Based on the information in the table, which organic compounds are found in ham? a. c. Proteins and complex carbohydrates b. Lipids and simple carbohydrates d. Simple and complex carbohydrates Based on the information in the table, which substances tested positive for the most organic compounds present? a. Butter toast and eggs c. Harsh brown and orange juice b. Eggs and milk d. Based on the information in the table, which substance tested negative for the presence of lipids? a. Eggs c. b. Ham d. Pancake Based on the information in the table, which substance tested positive for the presence of protein? a. Eggs and butter toast c. Milk and orange juice b. d. Hash brown and pancakes Which of the following is not selectively permeable or semi permeable. a. c. Pasta strainer b. Fish net d. Window screen Reading passage and interpretation questions. Look at the graph, figures or graphs and answer the questions. A selectively permeable membrane is stretched across a funnel filled with a starch solution. Figure 8-1 shows the funnel inverted into a beaker containing an iodine solution. Starch molecules are too large to diffuse across the membrane; but iodine molecules are smaller and can pass through. When iodine reacts with starch, the starch turns blue-black. Suppose you observe this experiment after several hours. Figure 8-1
If the starch can NOT pass through the membrane, but the iodine can, the membrane is: a. Non permeable c. Non selectively permeable b. d. Non selectively non permeable Over time a change is seen. Which is the most likely occur? a. c. Everything gets blue black b. Outside the funnel gets blue black d. The volume in the funnel decreases Over time a change is seen. Which of the following statements does not apply to this change? a. Iodine and starch together can turn a different color c. Starch molecules are large b. d. The baggie has microscopic holes that let iodine through Since the iodine turns color when it binds with starch, iodine is called a a. c. iodine indicator b. ph indicator d. test chemical This experiment is NOT an example of osmosis because a. starch crosses a membrane c. iodine crosses a membrane b. d. iodine diffuses across The graph in Figure 8-2 shows typical concentrations of several ions inside and outside an animal cell. Use it to answer the following questions.. Figure 8-2 Ions Inside the cell - Ions Outside the cell - Which ion is in the lowest concentration inside the animal cell? a. Sodium-Na c. Magnesium-Mg b. d. Chlorine-Cl Which ion is in the greatest concentration outside the animal cell? a. c. Magnesium-Mg b. Calcium-CA d. Chlorine-Cl What is the approximate concentration in mm of Mg 2+ ions inside the cell? a. 10 c. b. 20 d. 40 Which term describes the property of a cell membrane which maintains the differences in concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell. a. hypertonic c. b. isotonic d. passive
The cell structure responsible for controlling the flow of substances in and out of a cell is the a. cytoplasm c. cell wall b. mitochondrion d. A cell's contents would be the same as its surroundings, if cell membranes did not have the property of. a. plasmolysis c. phagocytosis b. d. dynamic equilibrium All of the following can cross a cell membrane by simple diffusion EXCEPT a. water c. b. oxygen d. carbon dioxide Which of the following is NOT true of cell membranes? a. Controls the flow of materials entering and leaving a cell b. Allows water in and out freely c. d. Has the property of selective permeability/semi permeability like a window screen Osmosis is a type of diffusion involving movement of. a. salts c. hypertonic solutes b. d. hypotonic solvents Osmosis and diffusion are alike in all the following ways EXCEPT a. No energy is required c. Things are more evened up at the end b. Movement goes from high to low concentration d. If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by. a. c. active transport b. diffusion d. Phagocytosis Pickles are made by placing fresh cucumbers in a salty solution called a brine. Pickling was used before refrigeration was invented to preserve fresh vegetables. Which of the following is the best explanation of why pickling prevented bacterial growth. a. Water leaves the cucumber cells b. Water moves into the cucumber cells until they burst c. Water leaves bacterial cells d. The various enzymes in our bodies are. a. lipids c. nucleotides b. carbohydrates d. Carbon has how many protons? Carbon has how many electrons? Carbon has how many neutrons? The element symbol for Carbon is?