Fluids and their Properties

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Chapter (1) Fluids and their Properties Dr. KHALIL MAHMOUD ALASTAL Eng.Mohammed AbuRahma Eng.Reem Sbaih 2017

Newton s Law of Viscosity: - / Non-Newtonian Fluids: - Mass Density: - / Specific weight: - Relative Density: - / Specific Volume: - 1 / Viscosity: - 1. Dynamic Viscosity /./. 1. 10 2. Kinematic Viscosity / 1 / 10 Surface Tension :- / = 2 = 2 2 2 Capillarity: - Compressibility & Bulk Modulus (K): - / 1

Question (1): The fuel for a jet engine has a density of 1.32 slug/ft 3. If the total volume of fuel tanks A is 50 ft 3, determine the weight of the fuel when the tanks are completely full, then determine the specific weight, specific gravity and specific volume. Question (2): A quantity of soda of mass M is filled in a container having volume V. The density of soda in this container is 1005 Kg/m 3. If the soda is distributed from this container to three similar containers having the same volume V. Calculate specific gravity and specific weight of the soda in each one of three containers after distribution occurs. Question (3): Two measurements of shear stress on a surface and the rate of change in shear strain at the surface for a fluid have been determined by experiment to be = 0.14 N/m 2, (du/dy)1 = 13.63 s 1 and = 0.48 N/m 2, (du/dy)2 =153 s 1. Classify the fluid as Newtonian or nonnewtonian. 2

Question (4): Determine the Kinematic Viscosity of the fluid between the shaft and sleeve shown in the figure. The fluid has a specific gravity of 0.91. Assume velocity of liner distribution in the gap. Question (5): Find the terminal velocity of the block in Figure if the block mass is 6 kg, A = 35 cm 2, 15, =0.4kg / (m. s), and the film is 1-mm-thick SAE 30 oil at 20 C. 3

Question (6): If a force of P = 2 N causes the 30-mm-diameter shaft to slide along the lubricated bearing with a constant speed of 0.5 m/s, determine the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant and the constant speed of the shaft when P = 8 N. Assume the lubricant is a Newtonian fluid and the velocity profile between the shaft and the bearing is linear. The gap between the bearing and the shaft is 1 mm. Question (7): A cylinder of 40 cm length and 10 cm diameter rotates about a vertical axis inside a fixed cylindrical tube of 105 mm diameter, and 0.4 m length. If the space between the tube and the cylinder is filled with liquid of dynamic viscosity of 0.2 N.s/m 2. Determine the external torque that led the cylinder to rotate by speed of 700 rev. /min. 4

Question (8): A cylindrical body of 70 mm diameter and 150 mm length falls freely in an 80-mm diameter circular tube. If the space between the cylindrical body and the tube is filled with oil of viscosity 0.9 poise. Determine the weight of the body when it falls at a speed of 1.5 m/s. Question (9): The velocity profile for a thin film of a Newtonian fluid that is confined between a plate and a fixed surface is defined by u = (10y 0.25y 2 ) mm/s, where y is in mm. Determine the shear stress that the fluid exerts on the plate and on the fixed surface, Then Determine the force P that must be applied to the plate to cause this motion. The plate has a surface area of 5000 mm 2 in contact with the fluid Take = 0.532 N. s/m 2 5

Question (10): - Two layers of fluid be dragged along by the motion of an upper plate as shown in figure below. The bottom plate is stationary. The top fluid puts a shear stress on the upper plate, and the lower fluid puts shear stress on the bottom plate. Determine the ratio of these two shear stresses. 6

Question (11): A movable plate of 0.5m 2 area (for each face) is located between two larges fixed plates as shown in the figure below. Two different Newtonian fluids having the viscosities indicated are contained between the plates. Determine the magnitude of the force acting on the movable plate when it moves at a speed of 4.0 m/s Question ( 12): A stream of water has a diameter of 0.4 in. when it begins to fall out of the tube. Determine the difference in pressure between a point located just inside and a point just outside of the stream due to the effect of surface tension. Take = 0.005 lb/ft. 7

Question ( 13): Determine the diameter of a droplet of water in mm if the pressure inside is to be greater than outside pressure by 130 N/m 2. (The surface tension of water at T = 20 C is 7.36*10-2 N/m) [2.265 mm] Question (14): - Find the increase in the pressure required to reduce the volume of water by 0.8 percent if it bulk modulus is 2.075*10 9 N/m 2. 8

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