Aeromaneuvering/Entry, Descent, Landing Aeromaneuvering Case study: Mars EDL Case study: Mars Exploration Rovers Case study: Mars Science Laboratory U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 2012 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu 1
Aeromaneuvering Using atmospheric flight forces to affect orbit changes while minimizing propellents Aerocapture - decelerating into planetary orbit from a single pass Aerobraking - lowering apoapsis by atmospheric passes (single or multiple) Aeromaneuvering - using aerodynamic forces (e.g., li ) to perform advanced maneuvers such as plane change U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 2
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Atmospheric Thermal Profiles from Justus and Braun, Atmospheric Environments for, 5th International Planetary Probes Workshop, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 6
Atmospheric Density Profiles from Justus and Braun, Atmospheric Environments for, 5th International Planetary Probes Workshop, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 7
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Viking Parachute Configuration Disk-Gap-Band (DGB) or bandgap parachute Deployed at Mach 2 Had to have sufficient deceleration to allow jettison of heat shield and dropping of lander from aeroshell from Cruz and Lingard, Aerodynamic Decelerators for Planetary Exploration: Past, Present, and Future, AIAA 2006-6792, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 19
Viking Chute Drag Coefficient Model from Cruz and Lingard, Aerodynamic Decelerators for Planetary Exploration: Past, Present, and Future, AIAA 2006-6792, AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, August 2006 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 20
Terminal Velocity Full form of ODE - d v 2 d h s sin v2 = 2gh s At terminal velocity, v = constant v T h s sin v2 T = 2gh s v T = s 2g sin U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 21
Viking Terminal Velocity Under Chute = m c D A = 930 kg kg 0.62 =7.322 4 (16.15 m)2 m 2 v T = s 2g sin = s 2(3.711 m/s 2 )(7.322 kg/m 2 )sin( 30 o ) 0.02 kg/m 3 = 36.9 m sec crit = oh s sin = 0.02 kg/m3 (10, 800 m) sin ( 30 o ) = 432 kg m 2 U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 22
Rigid and Inflatable Aeroshell vs. Chute U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 23
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Viking Panoramas (1976) U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 31
Mars Pathfinder Rover ( Sojourner ) U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 32
Mars Exploration Rover U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 33
Opportunity Landing Targeting U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 34
Sometimes the Bounces Go Your Way... U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 35
...Opportunity Scores a Hole in One U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 36
Spirit Lands in Gusev Crater U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 37
Odyssey Finds its Heat Shield... U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 38
Mars Phoenix Lander Touchdown U N I V E R S I T Y O F MARYLAND 39