Chapter 5-6 Test Name Directions: Choose the best answer. 1. All the following are characteristics of linear population growth except. a. limiting factors involved b. curve type graph c. smaller increase in population d. line graph 2. The effect of animal populations during habitat destruction by humans is usually. a. density-dependent limiting factor b. density-independent limiting factor c. not observable d. stabilizing 3. The sequence of communities forming in an originally lifeless habitat is called. a. primary succession b. secondary succession c. convergent evolution d. coevolution 4. A parking lot has been abandoned for some years now. Grass and weeds are growing through the cracks in the cement. This would be an example of. a. primary succession b. secondary succession c. convergent evolution d. coevolution 5. The first type of community that begins growing during primary succession is called. a. climax community b. beginning community c. aquatic community d. pioneer community 6. Lichen would be considered to belong to which community in primary succession. a. climax community b. beginning community c. aquatic community d. pioneer community
7. The lichen is a combination of what two types of organisms? a. algae and moss b. moss and fungus c. fungus and algae d. moss and lichens 8. The relationship mentioned above would be considered what type of symbiotic relationship? a. parasitism b. mutualism c. commensalisms 9. Use the picture below to answer question 9. The picture above shows the similar traits and features in two different types of cacti. This would be an example of evolution. a. Convergent Evolution b. Coevolution c. Concurrent Evolution d. Successive Evolution
10. Use the picture below to answer question 10. The picture above is of a sword-billed hummingbird(ensifera ensifera) which is a South American hummingbird with the longest bill to body proportion among birds. It specializes in flowers with long corollas such as Datura, passionflowers and fuchsias. This mutualistic relationship would be an example of evolution. a. Convergent Evolution b. Coevolution c. Concurrent Evolution d. Successive Evolution 11. Flowers and bees would represent what type of symbiotic relationship? a. parasitism b. mutualism c. commensalisms 12. An increase in herbivore populations in the ecosystem would soon lead to. a. more vegetation b. more predators c. ecosystem balance d. all the above 13. An organism that feeds on the tissue or body fluids of other organisms is called a(n), a. predator b. prey c. parasite d. barnacle
14. A predator promotes great niche diversity by. a. causing a certain prey to become extinct b. controlling the population of other predators c. controlling the population of prey d. causing competition with other predators 15. Through aquatic succession a lake or pond may become a(n). a. barren rock b. ocean c. meadow d. aquifer 16. Oak and chestnut trees would be considered what type of community in primary succession? a. pioneer b. climax c. beginning d. middle 17. A forest fire destroys the trees in a certain forest. The grasses and shrubs are lost also. This area would then experience. a. primary succession b. secondary succession 18. In the endangered species act process, the second step is the designating critical habitat process. Critical habitat is based o the following except. a. Breeding area b. Food Supply c. The number of symbiotic relationships d. Water supply 19. The barnacle and whale represents commensalisms. This is a relationship where. a. one organism is harmed and other benefits b. one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed or benefits c. both benefits d. neither benefits 20. The reason that linear growth of a population has a rate growth or can be seen on a line graph is because of. a. no limiting factors b. multiple growth from previous generations c. limiting factors d. all of the above
21. The number of species that can be supported by an ecosystem is called the of a population. a. adaptation b. exponential growth c. carrying capacity d. linear growth 22. The major item that is not destroyed in ecosystem that would promote secondary succession would be. a. trees b. shrubs c. soil d. lichen 23. Lichen is a valuable tool in primary succession because it. a. creates eutrophication b. is the climax community c. breaks rocks down into soil d. has a symbiotic relationship 24. Pennsylvania practices deer management because of all of the following except. a. Prevent the destruction to forests b. To get more female deer c. Save habitats for other animals d. Balance deer numbers with the ecosystem 25. All are characteristics of a niche except. a. role of organisms b. organisms habitat c. amount of symbiotic relationships d. abiotic and biotic factors 26. In exponential growth, the population grows according to a multiple of the previous generation. This will continue until it reaches. a. extinction b. linear growth c. carrying capacity d. niche diversity
27. The wolves that were reintroduced into Yellowstone in 1995 were from. a. New Mexico b. Idaho c. Walmart d. Canada The graph below shows a predator-prey relationship. Use the graph to answer the following question. B C D E A 28. What is happening to the predator population between points c and d on the graph? A. Increasing B. Decreasing C. Remains the same 29. What is causing this to happen? A. More prey population B. Less prey population C. More habitat
30. What is happening to the predator population at point E and the end of the graph? A. Increasing B. Decreasing C. Remains the same 31. What is happening to the prey population between A and B? A. Increasing B. Decreasing C. Remains the same 32. Why is this happening? A. Increase in predators B. Decrease in predators C. Predators remain the same 33. Ecological succession can occur as a pond fills up with silt and fallen leaves. Place the following numbered pictures in the correct order to show the succession from pond to marsh then to dry land and finally to climax community. A B C D E F A. A,B,C,D,E, F B. B, C,D,E,A,F C. F,A,C,B,E,D D. C,A,D,F,B,E
Use the graphs below to answer questions 34 to 35 34. On the graph on the right, what does the area between points E and F represent? A. Increasing population growth B. Decreasing population growth C. Zero population growth 35. On the graph on the right, what does line 1 represent? A. Symbiotic relationship B. Carrying Capacity C. Death rate D. Birth rate
Each of the statements below refers to exponential population growth or linear population growth. In the blank next to each statement, place an E if the statement refers to exponential growth and an L if the statement refers to linear growth. A. Linear Growth B. Exponential Growth C. Both 36. A lack of food prevents a certain population from growing any further. 37. In the steady state, the average growth rate is zero. 38. The larger the population gets, the faster it grows. 39. One pair of elephants could produce 19 million offspring in less than 750 years. 40. A particular environment is limited to a certain number of rabbits that it can support. 41. All of the offspring of a given population survive and reproduce. Each of the following situations describes a form of symbiosis. After each situation, write the type of symbiosis that is being described. A. Parasitism B. Commensalism C. Mutualism 42. Situation 1: A flowering plant cannot pollinate another plant unless pollen is transported between the plants. While gathering nectar from the plant's flowers, a bee is lightly dusted with pollen. The bee then transports the pollen as it moves from one flower to another. This enables the flowering plant to reproduce. 43. Situation 2: A liver fluke enters the human digestive system on a piece of beef. The fluke derives nourishment from the human; the human is seriously weakened by the presence of the fluke. 44. Situation 3: Tall trees provide birds with a place to nest that offers them protection against many kinds of predators.
Each of the statements below describes a situation that affects population growth. Some of the statements describe density-dependent factors, and others describe density-independent factors. In the blanks before each item place a D for a densitydependent factor, and an I for a density-independent factor. A. Density Dependent (D) B. Density-Independent (I) 45. A severe frost wipes out 50% of the citrus crop in southern Florida. 46. Since snakes prey of frogs, an increase in the frog population causes an increase in the snake population. 47. Due to severe overcrowding in an underdeveloped country's village many children do not survive to reach adulthood. 48. The eruption of Mt. St. Helens destroys most of the wildlife in the immediate vicinity of the volcano. 49. Because rabbits in Australia have no natural enemies, their population increases exponentially.
The pictures in the accompanying illustration show five stages in the development of an ecological community. These stages are not in order. A. Grass and shrubs B. Pine Forest C. Oak and Chestnut D. Barren Rock E. Soil and rock 50. Which picture (A, B, C, D, or E) shows the first stage of succession? 51. The second stage of succession? 52. The third stage of succession? 53. The final stage of succession?
54. What type of succession is shown in the pictures above (primary or secondary)? A. Primary B. Secondary Counting Populations A student in IPS class needed to count the total population of grasshoppers in a field. The student went out on the first day and collected 50 grasshoppers. This student marked and released the grasshoppers. The next day the student went out in the same field and collected 30 grasshoppers. The student noticed that 15 were marked. 55. The formula that you would use to solve this problem would be. a. P/p=m/M b. P/p=M/m c. P/M=p/p d. P/M=p/m 56. In the example above 50 grasshoppers represents what variable in the equation. a. ( P) b. (p) c. (M) d. (m) 57. The method for counting population described above is called. a. Random Sampling b. Lincoln Index c. Census 58. True or False. This method is the fastest and most accurate way for counting a population a. true b. false
59. After reading the scenario above, what is the total grasshopper population? a. 56 grasshoppers b. 100 grasshoppers c. 115 grasshoppers d. 225 grasshoppers 60. A forester wanted to figure out the total amount of red oaks that were on a 10 mile by 10 mile property. The grid will contain a 1 mile by 1 mile boxes. He used random sampling to find the answer. He randomly counted the trees in 5 grid boxes. The following was found. a. 10 oaks, 12 oaks, 10 oaks, 15 oaks, and 23 oaks A. 1450 B. 1253 C. 1400 D. 1236 61. What is the volume of the object below? A. 125 cm 3 B. 220 cm 3 C. 800 cm 3 D. 568 cm 3
62. What is the measurement at the arrow on the ruler below? A. 3 1/8 inch B. 3 1/16 inch C. 3 1/4 inch D. 3 1/32 inch