EU investment in Quantum Technologies ENISA Summer School, 26. September2018 Dr. Gustav Kalbe High Performance Computing and Quantum Technologies DG CNECT, European Commission
2 nd Quantumrevolution: manipulating/exploiting quantum particles (Atoms, Ions, ) and phenomena (superposition, entanglement, ) Europe scientic excellence QT Flagship: Europe's answer to the global competition of the industrialisation of Quantum Technologies
Application Areas with Industrial potential Computing Extreme performance computation Simulation Study/design tailor-made materials Metrology & sensing Communication Extreme security (encryption & authentication) Extreme precision measureme nts
Quantum Computing Early days Chips: Google 72 qubits, IBM 50 qubits, Intel 49 qubits Simulators: ATOS, IBM, Algorithms: Shor, Grover,. Languages: Q# (Microsoft) Competing technologies Superconducting qubits, ion traps, NV centres, Global race China, US, Canada, Convergence with HPC Intel 4004, 1971 4bit, <0,1MIPS
Quantum computers enormous computing power available Technology: Exploit quantum parallelism Vision: Enormous computing power for optimization (traffic, production, energy grids, ) and quantum machine learning Status: Specialized quantum computers will soon outperform classical computers in very specific tasks. High interest by global IT corporations. Challenges: Error correction to scale up to universal quantum computers
Quantum communications Commercial products Pure random number generators 1st generation Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Research & Development Long distance QKD (repeaters) Satellite communications 2nd generation QKD (entanglement) Quantum networks Global race
Why Quantum communications? Modern cryptography methods (symmetric/asymmetric) have limitations: in key distribution, and/or relying on the mathematical principle of computational hardness (e.g., discrete log, factoring) vulnerable to future attacks, such by a quantum computer avoid store now, decrypt later approach Quantum-safe cryptography: the price of trust depends on applications. Critical infrastructures (national defense, medical, finance) require absolute confidence in secure communication. Crypto Apocalypse
What is Quantum communications? Quantum cryptography (in particular) is defined as the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks (e.g., to encrypt/decrypt messages). More precisely, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provide two parties with an intrinsically secure* (guaranteed by laws of physics) random key in a way that an attacker cannot eavesdrop or control the system. Quantum cryptography enables the long-term security of data
Towards a EU QKD network Vision: A future European QKD network securing our digital infrastructures/services/data (long-term end-to-end security to ensure EU sovereignty of information). supplemented by satellite links (global Q-network) - 1 st step: H2020-SU-ICT-04-2019 (QKD testbed call) http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/desktop/en/opportunities/h2020/topics/su-ict-04-2019.html
QKD testbed call. opening 26.07.2018, closing 14.11.2018. up to 15 M funding build an experimental platform to test and validate the concept of end-toend security, providing QKD as a service (economically justified) with continuous R&D input from QT-Flagship (technologies, architecture, protocols, interoperability, standardization, ). - complementary approach: in-orbit demonstration ESA Artes-ScyLight programme (cf QUARTZ), QKD onboard Galileo transition satellites (phase 0/A).
Quantum Simulation REAL SIMULATORS COMMERCIAL D-Wave Systems (Canada), up to 2000-qubit Google, NASA, Lockheed-Martin, Volkswagen, SAP, Airbus Rigetti Computing (USA), unsupervised learning, 19-qubit LABORATORY European: Munich, Barcelona, Paris, Innsbruck BSC (Barcelona) - build a quantum simulator (QT Flagship) But performance: quantum advantage not demonstrated SIMULATORS OVER HPC Atos Quantum Learning Machine, up to 40-qubits on 24 Terabyte But difficult to scale up 11
Applications Quantum advantage: Exponential complexity ~ e N Linear complexity ~ N CLASSICAL (HPC) Prototyping / industrial services Weather forecast Early detection of diseases Path optimization/vehicle routing Drugs / personalised medicine Tailor-made materials Understanding biological and chemical processes Machine Learning, pattern matching Cryptography? QUANTUM (QT) Energy minimisation Solving by using a controllable sample of a complex system Factoring numbers Large database search? SIMULATORS (analog) Annealing Real-system analogy COMPUTERS (digital) Shor, Simon Grover, count?
HPC + Quantum Simulation APPLICATIONS Quantum chemistry: Testing small molecules H 2 O (Barcelona Supercomputing Centre) Planning / logistics in aviation, flight management (German Aerospace Centre) Traffic control / autonomous driving (Volkswagen) HPC + QT TIMEFRAME 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 JU: pre-exascale exascale hybrid? QT Flagship Certified quantum advantage 50-qubits QT Simulation Quantum optimization demonstration >100-qubits Beyond HPC Playground, pilot sites + funding of visionary applications: new algorithms, new applications 13
Flagship initiative on Quantum Technologies 1 Billion 10-year Flagship initiative (2017-2027) The Quantum Flagship should prove its value as large scale mission-oriented initiative, leading the 2 nd Quantum Revolution by accelerating the transition from science to technology (higher TRLs).
Quantum Technologien Flagship: " unlock the full potential of quantum technologies, accelerate their development and bring commercial products to public and private users " (ECI 19/4/2016) " unlock the full potential of quantum technologies and accelerate their development and take-up in commercial products " (COMPET 26/5/2016) 15 Transfer scientific excellence in industrial success Transfer results from the lab to concrete products, applications, services, prototypes satisfying real user needs Focus on applications rather than fundamental R&D Complemented fundamental R&D Create added-value in the EU and keep know-how
Ramp-up Phase: 2018-2020 H2020-FETFLAG-03-2018 (closed: 20/02/2018) - 1 st call closed: 20.02.2018 - on-site evaluation: 16-27.04.2018 130 M - Research & Innovation Actions (RIAs) a) b) c) d) e) 2 M - Coordination & Support Action (CSA) This action will follow a 1 st QSA ending in 04/2019 lead by University of Ulm; www.qt.eu
accelerate QT development & take-up in commercial products a) Quantum Communications supply QKD network components (LEIT, post-h2020) b) Quantum Computing develop experimental systems & platforms ~ 110 M Euro c) Quantum Simulation operational demonstrators for real applications d) Quantum Metrology and Sensing practical sensing devices building on mature concepts / approaches demonstrate something practical broad scope / integration large projects 18
Complemented with fundamental science complementing areas a-d any idea of relevance for areas a-d developing new / alternative approaches maturing alternative concepts focusing on specific problem ~ 20 M Euro small projects short proposals 19
Examples of application areas Communication: QIA: Quantum Internet (21 partners: 8 from private sector including Toptica Photonics, SAP) QRANGE: cheaper, faster and more secure Quantum Random Number Generator (8 partners, 3 from private sector including ID Quantique)
Examples of application areas Quantum Computing Systems: OpenSuperQ > 100 superconducting qubits for Quantum chemistry (11 partners: one HPC center, 5 from private sector) AQTION > scalable Quantum computing with trapped ions, fully connected 50-qubit device for chemistry and machine learning (RTO partner, partners from private sector BULL SAS and TOPTICA PHOTONICS AG)
Examples of application areas Quantum Simulation: Qombs > Quantum simulation of semiconductor structures (half the consortium from industry) PASQuanS > programmable analogue simulator for materials development and real-world problems (5 out of 15 partners from industry including BULL SAS and MUQUANS)
Examples of application areas Sensing/Metrology: MACQSIMAL> fabricate atomic vapour cell sensors for 5 key physical observables (14 partners, 3 from private sector including Robert Bosch GmbH) ASTERIQS> diamond Quantum sensing e.g. for electrical car industry and lab-on-chip NMR for early diagnosis in disease (coordinated by Thales)
Towards a EU QT-ecosystem QT in space (e.g., Galileo) QKD testbed (ground) FET Open (early-stages) COST Actions National/Regional Initiatives
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